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CERTIFICATE
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ABSTRACT
This document provides information about the Symbian operating system, which
is one of the mobile operating systems. It provides the overview of what is the Symbian
operating system? What are the characteristics of Symbian OS? Why we have to use
this mobile operating system? What all Symbian base Cell-Phones can do? Symbian
communications through an integrated mailbox and the integration of Java and PIM
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Chandan Boro
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CONTENT
Types Pages
1. Introduction 7
2. Mobile Phone Core 8-9
Platform
3. Hardware Access 10-11
4. Key features of Symbian 12-14
5. Telephony 5.1. GSM/EDGE Telephony 15-18
5.1.1. GSM
5.1.2. GPRS
5.1.3. EDGE
5.2. CDMA Telephony
5.2.1. CDMA (IS-95)
5.2.2. cdma2000 1x
6. Communication 6.1. Networking 19-20
infrastructure 6.2. HTTP transport framework
6.2.1. HTTP client stack
6.3. WAP stack
7. Messaging 7.1. Bearer Independent Object 21-23
Messaging
7.2. Short Message Service
(SMS)
7.3. Enhanced Messaging
Service (EMS)
7.4. Multimedia Messaging
Service (MMS)
7.5. Email
7.6. Fax
8. MULTIMEDIA FRAMEWORK 24-25
9. Applications engines 26
10. Application framework 10.1. Graphical User 27-29
Interface (GUI) framework
10.2. Application support
services
10.3. Internationalization
support
10.4. Various text and
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graphical utilities
11.Pan Connectivity 30
12. Base 12.1. Kernel and user library 31-33
12.2. Device drivers
12.3. File server
12.4. Standard library
13. Security 13.1. Cryptography module 34-35
13.2. Cryptography token
framework
13.3. Certificate management
module
13.4. Software installation
14. Conclusion 36
15. Glossary 37-38
16. References 39
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1 INTRODUCTION
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2. MOBILE PHONE CORE PLATFORM
Symbian OS is a 32-bit, little-endian operating system. It has been
ported to many flavors of ARM architecture chips with V4 instruction set or
higher.
Further requirements of Symbian OS are for the CPU to have an
integrated memory management unit (MMU) and a cache, to operate in various
privileged access modes, and to handle interrupts and exceptions. The CPU,
MMU and cache along with timers and hardware drivers, all reside on the
system-on-chip.
These SoCs are often commercially available and are sometimes custom
built byhandset manufactures. Symbian OS has been ported to many ARM cored
system-on-chips.These include the PrimeXSys platform from ARM, the
StrongARM and XScale architectures from Intel, the OMAP platform from Texas
Instruments and the Dragonball platform from Motorola.
Figure 1: Mobile phone hardware can be divided into three logical layers: the CPU core,
the SoC and the PCB. Symbian OS also conforms to this layering. This enables easy
porting of Symbian OS as the code for particular CPU core or SoC can be reused in many
products.
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The MMU is used for several purposes. It protects process data from
access by other processes, enforces protection of application and kernel code,
and isolates the hardware from application code. The MMU is a crucial
component in the design of the protected mode system, which enhances both the
security and stability of the platform.
While some memory will be available on the chip most will be provided
off-chip. This off-chip memory has three major functions: storage of the Symbian
OS image; persistence of user data in a file system; and storage of processes'
data at runtime. Speed of memory access, cost of the memory chips and
persistence of the data must be considered when choosing the memory for each
of these three functions.
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3. HARDWARE ACCESS
The Symbian OS kernel is a compact pre-emptive multitasking
operating system with very little dependence on peripherals. The core kernel
executable - of less than 200 KB - fully supports the multi-threaded operating
system. Peripheral hardware integration is added to the kernel in several ways.
Hardware support is usually implemented in separate DLLs associated with
particular hardware to allow the easy insertion and removal of hardware and to
facilitate code reuse.
The kernel library includes support for all peripheral hardware that is
resident on the chip (e.g., the ASIC or SoC) and that is essential to the operating
system. The peripheral hardware includes such things as timers, DMA engines,
interrupt controllers and UART serial ports. The kernel library is customized for a
particular chip. Applications are not permitted to access peripheral hardware
directly. Instead applications must link to the User library whose functions may
invoke peripheral control through the kernel.
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Figure 2: All access to hardware occurs from, or through the kernel. There are
several software frameworks that support hardware access, direct kernel access for
vital hardware, kernel extensions for hardware associated with user input, and
device drivers for further peripheral hardware exposed to applications and server.
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4. KEY FEATURES OF SYMBIAN OS
that are common to all Symbian OS phones. Key features of Symbian OS are:
Browsing – a WAP stack is provided with support for WAP 1.2.1 for mobile
Browsing.
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Communications protocols – wide-area networking stacks including
TCP/IP (dual mode IPv4/v6) and WAP, personal area networking support include
infrared (IrDA), Bluetooth and USB; support is also provided for multihoming
capabilities and link layer Quality-of-Service (QoS) on GPRS/UMTS networks.
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Java MIDP 2.0, Bluetooth 1.1 and Wireless Messaging 1.0
profiles
support for multiple primary/secondary PDP contexts
support for bi-directional text (Thai, Arabic and Hebrew).
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5. TELEPHONY
Support for GSM, GPRS and EDGE conforms to the 3GPP GSM Phase
2+ (releases R97/98).
5.1.1 GSM
The GSM telephony framework provides an abstract telephony interface
for GSM voice, data and fax, and for landline modems for data and fax as well as
phone number resolution and SIM Application Toolkit. Main features are:
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the abstraction supports a wide variety of ETSI GSM phase 2+
Functionality
5.1.2 GPRS
activation and deactivation of a Packet Data Protocol (PDP) context for data
Transfer
5.1.3 EDGE
The Enhanced Data-rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) framework
provides an abstract telephony interface for 3GPP GSM/EDGE. In addition to
supporting the GSM and GPRS functionality described above, main features are:
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supports EDGE enhanced CSD (ECSD)
5.2.1 CDMA
packet-switched data: support for service options: CDPD for both rate Set 1
and rate Set 2
5.2.2 cdma2000 1x
packet-switched data: support for IS-95B services plus service options 22-
29, 33, 34 for high speed packet data
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such as phonebook entries and stored SMS messages
phonebook synchronizer: mechanism to synchronize phonebook entries
stored on a SIM or R-UIM card to the contact database so that clients can access
all contact data via the contacts model API.
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6. COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE
The Comms Infrastructure subsystem provides the key frameworks and
system services for communications and networking. This includes:
a socket server and client-side API which provides a framework for
implementing various communications protocols through a socket interface.
Plugin protocols are dynamically loaded
6.1 Networking
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o dial up networking support
o security protocols for secure electronic commerce: Transport Layer
Security (TLS) and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
o File Transfer Protocol (FTP) engine
o Ethernet support: wired interface (PCMCIA cards for WINS and onboard
Ethernet chip for development board) supports 10BaseT and
100BaseTX in full or half duplex; Wireless interface (IrLAN); Support for
Slow IR.
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7. MESSAGING
The messaging framework provides support for messaging protocols for
sending and receiving of text messages (SMS), enhanced messages (EMS),
multimedia messages (MMS), email and fax messages.
Main features of Messaging are:
the GSM SMS stack can be used as a bearer for the WAP protocol module
SMS: send and receive streamed SMS messages. Enumerate, read, write
and delete access to the SMS storage areas of the phone and SIM. Receive
messages that match a specified text
7-bit SMS alphabet, 8-bit SMS alphabet and UCS2 data coding schemes
are supported
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and review scheduled actions.
Sounds: iMelody
both WSP and HTTP transports are supported. Messages are received over
WSP Get or HTTP Get, and sent using WSP Post or HTTP Post
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7.5. Email
Email has the following main features:
7.6. Fax
The fax system interfaces to the messaging fax components at its upper
boundary and to fax devices at its lower boundary. Fax supports the following
features:
fax class 1, 2 and 2.0 (ANSI/TIA/EIA 578 and ANSI/TIA/EIA 592), conforms
to the ITU T.30 specification
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8. MULTIMEDIA FRAMEWORK
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Image Conversion Library (ICL)
Camera support
An onboard camera API providing a consistent interface to basic camera
functions.
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9. APPLICATION ENGINES
The core application engines include agenda (schedule), to-do,
contacts, spreadsheet, alarm and world servers and the help engine.
Main features are:
to-do engine: integrated with the agenda engine for storing agenda type
Entries
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10. APPLICATION FRAMEWORK
The Application framework subsystem provides a powerful environment
for licensees and partners to create differentiated user interfaces while enabling
applications written in C++ and Java, by Symbian, licensees, partners and third
parties to run seamlessly on open Symbian OS phones. This subsystem is
architecturally central to the support of graphical user interface (GUI)
applications.
It includes a number of system-wide plug-in mechanisms for instantiating
components at run-time, powerful reusable libraries for data, graphics and text
support.
a windowing system for sharing screen, keyboard and pointer between
applications; clocks and animated bitmaps, and a control framework for sharing
an application window between application components
a mechanism for the licensee to customize the look and feel (LAF) of the
GUI.
a plug-in mechanism for the user to input non-standard data (e.g., for
ideogram input or voice recognition for phones that may not have a keyboard)
a notifier framework allowing system events and alarms to be handled more
flexibly by the GUI
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runtime changeable color schemes
world server: country codes, world country and city information database
a front-end processor (FEP) framework for text input using handwriting
recognition or keyboard to enable input of far eastern ideographic characters.
FEPs can take the form of a floating window, or a “transparent window”, or be
invisible. They can also interact closely with their target controls, e.g. to do “inline
editing”
rich text rendering for various locales, providing a text model with character
and paragraph formatting, embedded graphics, and a text view which supports
efficient formatting, display and interaction
two multi-level undo/redo capabilities: a plain text undo system that can
undo text insertion, deletion and clipboard operations, and a rich text undo
system that can cope with anything a rich text object can do, including embedded
objects
generic support for plug-in parsers that recognize certain strings, eg URLs,
email addresses, phone numbers. This enables to run services or applications
from any application in the system
support for PC-style changeable color schemes in editable text and for
autosizing text editors
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11. PAN CONNECTIVITY
Personal Area Networking connectivity is available through support of
Bluetooth, USB and infrared (IrDA).
Bluetooth support is provided with a core Blue4tooth 1.1 protocol stack
along with full Generic Access Profile (GAP), Generic Object Exchange Profile
(GOEP) and Serial Port Profile implementations. The Host Controller Interface
(HCI) provides a hardware interface via a UART based reference
implementation.
OBEX implementation provides an OBEX v1.2 client and server that
operat over Bluetooth and IrDA. The OBEX server also provides USB support.
USB class support is provided for the WMCDC WHCM and OBEX class,
and for the CDC ACM class. All classes are controlled by a USB Manager
component. All USB support is provided ultimately by a USB v1.1 client driver.
The infrared IrDA stack is contained in a socket server protocol module
that implements the following IrDA layers: IrLAP v1.1, IrLMP v1.1 and IrTinyTP
v1.1. The following features are supported:
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12. BASE
The Base subsystem provides the programming framework for all other
components of Symbian OS. Base provides an abstraction to facilitate design
across multiple platforms and resources making it easier to port Symbian OS to
new types of hardware. The Base ensures Symbian OS robustness, performance
and efficient power management - all essential in a mobile phone. The main
uservisible parts of the base are the user library and the file server.
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silent running mode: device can operate with screen switched off locale
support including currency, time and date formatting
internal and tightly-coupled RAM support
the kernel can be extended by the use of DLLs (such as device drivers and
kernel extensions) that can link dynamically against the kernel.
infrared
HWA (Driver implementing the hardware acceleration API for managing DSP
hardware)
USB client
PC Cards
LCD
Keyboard
Digitizer.
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12.3. File server
The File server provides shared access to the filing systems, a clientside
interface that hides the client-server architecture and a framework for
dynamically mounting plug-in file systems, with physical storage of files
associated with each filing system.
Main features:
file system drivers can be added when required without having to reboot
clients can register for notification of file-server events, for example, entries
changing in given directory, changing disk or disk space crossing a specified
threshold
the VFAT file system supports a 'rugged' mode of operation which provides
improved data integrity in machine power loss situations.
a relational database access API. Two DBMS implementations are provided:
a small and relatively lightweight client-side implementation; and, a client-server
implementation for when multiple clients must have write access to a database.
a stream store that defines two major abstractions: streams (an abstract
interface to convert between an object's internal and external representations)
and stores (an abstract interface to manipulate a network of streams).
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13. SECURITY
a framework which enables application code to query the system for the
availability of implementations of specific cryptographic interfaces and their
attributes (e.g., whether they are implemented in hardware, whether they are
removable, whether they implement their own access control mechanism)
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entities (e.g. third-party developers, web servers) to the user of the phone, and
for authentication of the user of the phone. This module provides the following
services:
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14. CONCLUSION
with fully integrated communications and messaging. It supports all the leading
platform allows the installation of third party software to further enhance the
platform.
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15. GLOSSARY
2.5G
In mobile telephony, 2.5G protocols extend 2G systems to provide
additional features such as packet-switched connection (GPRS) and enhanced
data rates (HSCSD, EDGE).
3G
In mobile telephony, third-generation protocols support much higher
data rates, measured in Mbps, intended for applications other than voice. 3G
networks trials started in Japan in 2001. 3G networks are expected to be starting
in Europe and part of Asia/Pacific by 2002, and in the US later. 3G will support
bandwidth-hungry applications such as full-motion video, video-conferencing and
full Internet access.
AMPS
Advanced Mobile Phone System: a 1G standard which operates in the
800-900MHz-frequency band. It is still widely used in the United States.
CLDC
J2ME Connected Limited Device Configuration. The CLDC serves the
market consisting of personal, mobile, connected information devices. This
configuration includes some new classes designed specifically to fit the needs of
small-footprint devices.
DCS1800
Digital Communications System: another name for GSM working on a
radio frequency of 1800 MHz. Also known as GSM1800 or PCN, this digital
network operates in Europe and Asia Pacific.
EDGE
Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution. An enhanced modulation
technique designed to increase network capacity and data rates in GSM
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networks. EDGE should provide data rates up to 384 Kbps. EDGE will let
operators without a 3G license to compete with 3G networks offering similar data
services. EDGE is not expected before 2001 at the earliest.
EPOC
term. Refer to Symbian OS.
PCN
Personal Communications Network: another name for GSM 1800 (it is
also known as DCS 1800). It is used in Europe and Asia Pacific.
PDC
Personal Digital Cellular: the 2G TDMA-based protocols used in Japan,
owned by NTT DoCoMo. PDC services operate in the 800 and 1500 MHz bands.
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16. REFERENCES
Sites
1. www.symbian.com
2. www.outlook4mobility.com
3. www.linuxworld.com
4. www.programmersheaven.com
5. www.wirelessdvenet.com
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