Name: Mary Cristy A.

Sombong Subject: Crop Protection 2

Economic Threshold Level and Economic Injury Level

Introduction:
One of the fundamental concepts of integrated pest management is that each pest
species has a definable relationship in terms of damage to the plant or animal host that it
attacks. This relationship is often referred to as the damage curve, which is often
determined relative to yield loss. Economic injury level is the smallest number of insects
(amount of injury) that will cause yield losses equal to the insect management costs.
Economic threshold is the pest density at which management action should be tak en to
prevent an increasing pest population from reaching the economic injury level.

Objectives:
• To know the benefits of understanding ETL and EIL
• To know the relation of ETL and EIL with the Integrated Pest Management
• To find out what are the difference between Economic Threshold Level and
Economic Injury Level is

Results and Discussion:

TITLES AUTHORS RESULTS/DISCUSSIONS
The Economic Injury Level Tom Hunt, Establishing an ET is
and the Economic Threshold Extension Entomologist complex. It incorporates the
in IPM EIL as well as other factors
which require a thorough
understanding of the pest's
population dynamics in the
specific crop. Pest and crop
phenology, pest population
growth and injury rates, and
the practical aspects of
management tactics all have
to be considered when
establishing ETs.
Components of the Melvin D. Skold, et al. EIL is dependent on the
Economic Injury Level number of economic,
biological and physical
factors. In the study of
Melvin Skold et al., EIL is
discussed using the GHIPM
(Grasshopper Integrated
Pest Management) by
agricultural economists and
entomologists.
 Measures of costs
economic externalities are
made and methods to
incorporate costs to an
environmental EIL are
shown.
Determination of Multiple- K. Selvaraj, et. al., It is said that pests are
Species Economic Injury eliminated because of the
Levels for Rice Insect Pests use of pesticides.
Insecticides helps in
determining the potential
yield of the crops but the use
of excessive insecticides can
lead to environmental
problems and creating
several pests that could go
beyond the EIL.
Cost Benefit and Economic Iowa State University Cost benefit analysis and
Injury Level Computations EIL are approaches that are
highly related. There are
computation to support the
journal.
Pest Management Decision- Diane G. Alston, There are values in EIL that
Making: The Economic- Entomologist has been determined
Injury Level Concept specifically provided for
agricultural crops alone.
However, these values have
considerations such as
production practices and
geographic region. Despite
of these, values are helpful
in making pest management
decisions.

Conclusion:

ET is the practical rule used to determine when to take management action. In fact,
some refer to the ET as the action threshold. It is essentially a prediction of when a pest
population is going to reach the EIL. It is assumed that once the ET is reached, there is a
high probability that the pest population will reach the EIL if no management action is
taken.

Establishing an ET is complex. It incorporates the EIL as well as other factors

which require a thorough understanding of the pest's population dynamics in the specific
crop. Pest and crop phenology, pest population growth and injury rates, and the practical
aspects of management tactics all have to be considered when establishing ETs.
 LITERATURE CITED

Diane G. Alston, Entomologist. (2011). Pest Management Decision-Making: The

Economic-Injury Level Concept.
Hunt, T. (2006). The Economic Injury Level and the Economic Threshold in IPM.
K. Selvaraj, et. al.,. (2011). Determination of Multiple-Species Economic Injury Levels for
Rice Insect Pests.
Melvin D. Skold, et al. (1995). Components of the Economic Injury Level.

Website
Iowa State University, Cost Benefit and Economic Injury Level Computations,
www.ent.iastate.edu/pest/cornborer/manage/costbenefit, 2013