KOREAN BASIC COURSE Volume 1 piled and pub- ith the support of the Office tion, Department of Health, Edvcotion ond Welfre, United Stoter of America. The B. NAM PARK FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE WASHINGTON, D.C. 1968 DEPARTM EN T O F STATEKOREAN BASIC COURSE FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE BASIC COURSE SERIES Eaied by AUGUSTUS 4. KOSKI For ale bythe Superintendent of Docementa, U.S. Government Pviating Ofce Washington, D.C 20102 itKOREAN BASIC COURSE PREPACE FSI Keroon Basic Course, Volume J, provides itoductory materials in modern spoken Korean forthe student who wishes to achieve 0 working ‘command of the language curently spoken by an estinated 40 to 43 million people on the Korean perincala ad in Japan, Manchuria and the Soviet Trion 1B, Nam Park, supervisor of Koreon language instruction ot FSI, és the principal anthor of the text. Rickard B. Nose gave general direction to the project, James C, Bostaln ceviewed the English portions of the text for sel and clarity of expression; Chunghwa T. Kay, Korean instructor, teorked elovely with the author inthe classroom tezting, revision and te recording and also typed the Korean version of the dilogues and the flossary: Evelyn C. Vacs did the final syping of the English portions. The {ape recordings which accompany thie volume were produced inthe Foreign Seruice Inatitatestedioe withthe technical arsistance of Jore M. Romies The Forcign Service Institute gratefully ackrouledges the financial assistance ofthe US. Office of Education which has made the preparation ‘nd publication of thix volume possible Rha fones R. Frith, Dean ool of Language Studies Foreign Service Institute Department of State ialCONTENTS KOREAN BASIC COURSE PREBACE ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS au INTRODUCTORY UNIT unr unr vNIT UNIT Introduction. Organization and Use of This Course Romanization. Korean Orthography (Hanki1) Special Symbols. Pronunetation. Basic Syllable Chart. Syllable Pinal Consonant chart 1. GREETINGS BASIC DIALOGUES. pccode 19 Additional Greeting Expresstons. 25 Notes on Dialoguessssseeeeesereeeceee 25 Grannar Notes... pore ar 1. The Verbale and the Copula 27 2. Particles an/nan, a1/1al, @.eecessecceceeeeee 28 3. Nouns and Noun Phrases. 5 30 DRILES...... : BL EXERCISES. -....ssecessssoss 36 2. FINDING ONE'S WAY AROUND BASIC DIALOGUES. «+e .e++ e+ pcoodoseda : 39 Notes on Dialogues : Ecassocca ¢1 Grammar Notes....ssseccceccesseneeecceceees 45 1. Formal Polite Speech Sentences. cere 45 2 Martloes ifm, Lo/aley aT 3. ar 4 48 5. 4mnita and issinnita 48 DRILLS. eee eeeeeee eet eeneee arto 50 EXERCISES... = = cocosnen 3, FINDING ONE'S WAY AROUND (Continued) BASIC DIALOGUES. 6 Notes on Dialogues 66 Granmar Notes ee ‘ : 6r 1. Verbs: Action ve. Description and Transitive vs. TnQPansitdye.sssssecsccscssrserssessctsocssosscsses OF 2. Future Tense... , 68 3. Honorifics. oo 68 A, Negative anveesseess : 69 5. Particle ese 'from!, lati, Hint, font. 69 6. Particle © ftolsss.ceee 70 DRILIS. n EXERCISES. +1... 78 4, _ SHOPPING BASIC DIALOGUES. epedadeodnoqeco0ce a Numerais (1).seccsscessecerees 87 avUNIT UNIT unr UNIT KOREAN BASIC COURSE commarns Notes on Dialogues. a Grannar Notes. eee 90 1. “Infomal Polite’ Speech + 90 2. Past Tenses + ot 3. Particle to. + 95 i. Particle wa/iwa. + 95 5. 04 + anhoumnita.... + 5 6. Namerais > 96 eee oT 5. SHOPPING (Continued) BASIC DIALOGUES... .++. ee mn Numerals (2)..- —— = SETI ag Notes on Dialogues a eres 320 Granmar Notes. +++. ya. 1. -n/anfnan + Nominal yi 2. “T/A Wie yo?eeeees pane iee 3. kdvert: 5 322 4. counters eang, can, aan, ia, pan, malt. ae DRILLS : 1126 EXEROTSES. oor SI 138 6. TIME BASIC DIALOOUES. «+... un Notes on Dialogues 148 Grannar Notes. pen Eoeeemeeete 150 1. Tine Counters nyen, bm, “wel, tal, cull, 11, nal, -sh, siken, pan.- peers 150 2. : 151 3. Genco é 152 4. Aaverbial Phrases 152 DRILLS. + EXERCISES. eee . 7. TIME (Continued) BASIC DIALOGUES. vam Numeral Phrases.......++ 17 Notes on Dialogues...... 178 Grannar Notes eee eee 179 1. Numeral Phrases... 7 peoorgaG 179 2. Particle lo/ilo 'as!, tin the capacity off, iby means of?.. 179 3. -p/an/nan ka YO?s+-sceeeeeeeeeeeee oe seeee 180 4, -Tyako/aiyeko..... pees 180 5. -G)i Wea ham. 181 6. Particle kkact.... oo 281 7. Inflected Forma and Verb Phrases.....++.+++ 182 DRILLS. «eeeee seen eee EXERCISES. ee 8. ‘TALKING ABOUT ONE'S WORK BASIC DIALOGUES. 199 Notes on Dialogues...eeeeeeee 204 Grannar Notes: 7 205 eiivere rere ca 205, 2. Particle mati 5 206conmENTS: KOREAN BASIC COURSE 3. -1/a1_su tes- vs. -1/11 su aps: 4. particle pota......seersees DRILLS qi EXERCISES. UNIT 9. GOING T0 THE MovIES BASIC DIALOGUES..... Notes on Dialogues. Grammar Notes. Le ko. UNIT 10. GOING AROUND THE TOWN. . BASIC DIALOGUES... : : Notes on Dialogues. . pee ene Grannar Notes. 1. -myon/amyon..... ee 2. Infinitive + to ‘even though—', talthough— 3. geil or kacang.... i) article ne/tn DRILLS... 5 EXERCISES. +++seeec0000+ UNIT 11. GOING AROUND THE TOWN (Continued) BASIC DIALOGUES. . Notes on Dialogues. Granmar Notes. ~et_ma(i)-. Infinitive + ou. Particle ya... -n/anfnan kaa. gars 1 kes imnita, 6. Further Notes on Honort: DRILLS. .-.---- EXERCISES... UNIT 12. EATING AND DRINKING BASIC DIALOGUES. Notes on Dialogues Grannar wotes. — eS 1. =(a)Ai ea,” tecause.-1;"teince 2. ~(Qjayanyen...... 3. Infinitive + a) partite tanet/itancd 5. ¥article man only!...- DRILLS, EXERCISES: UNIT 13. EATING AND DRINKING (Continued) BASIC DIALOGUES. . Additional Vocabulary and Phrases. Notes on Dialogues..vs.sssseseeees vi + 207 208 + 221 225 230 231 231 232 232 233 + 23h 2u8 252 + 256 + 257 + 257 258 * 258 + 259 261 + ork eT 282 283 283 268i, + 285, 286 + 287 289 289 + 308 307 314 316 + 316 316 37 37 + 8 ng 326 - 32 + 335 3hunit unr UNIT vNIT KOREAN BASIC COURSE CONTENTS Grammar Notes Eonnucoopoacdon0065 = 343 Te -G)na, tobubisseecsesseee 3B 2. -nfan ‘a 4_issamnikka? 'Have [you] ever “gone. 1.2 «343 3. Interrogative + -n/in/nin ct. + 34 4! Particles eke tto? and ekese 2 Bus 5. Dependent Nouns. 1 318 . . . + 347 EXERCISES.» oe eens sn) 14, ‘TALKING ABOUT ONE'S LIFE AND FANELY BASIC DIALOGUES. as 361 Notes on Dialogues....s.+e 368 Granaar Notes... : peer 2 370 T. ftw ttimel, toceaston!, twhent... 2 370 2. Infinitive + se 'and..4, tand so... ai ++ 72 } tnetsae Nomina! (pakke € 4, aatk teach', Tat one timet......+. 5. Infinitive + iss-... DRILLS. EXERCISES... 3+ Nominal +e 15. TALKING ABOUT ONE'S LIFE AND FAMILY (Continued) BASIC DIALOGUES. 7 Notes on Dialogues. Grammar Notes..... 7 ond 1. hu tafter!, 'the later timet, textt. 2. cen 'before!, 'the previous time! 3. =pfin cf + (period of time) + twe-... =nin_tongan ‘while doing something'.. 5. Nominal + e tah so ‘concerning Nominal!.... DAILIBs++eecsess0s EXERCISES 16. TELEPHONING BASIC DIALOGUES. ..... Notes on Dialogues... 5 ee Grammar Notes......-- 5 poecooooqgooggonccace 6) 1. =n/an/nin te + der 2, Infinitive + wey 3. ke: wee 4, -nfun/man ct. a3, DRILLS... . aed EXERCISES. ae 431 27. TSLEPHONING (Continued) BASIC DIALOGUES. ....++++4+ sees 435, Notes on Dialogues. sees MYO Grammar Notes. sees HHO, 1. Plain Speech: Formal and Informal peer ee ee nO) 2. Personal Nouns in the Polite and Plain Speeches. iy 3. Particles lako and ko. eerie sees AUR DRILLS... coe od EXERCISES. seeeeeee 461 vitcorms KOREAN BASIC COURSE UNIT 16. ‘TALKING ABOUT WEATHER BASIC. DIALOGUES . 465 Notes on Dialogues : ne Grammar Notes + . 473 1. =piniean/iun yo! icy 2. Infinitive + ei... 473 3. =p/an/man kos kath Sark 4. Ferticle chetan...-.- 415 5. Particle lato/tiats.. : 476 8. -(a)1 kyehnele I~ Tbe planning to-t. 476 DRILLS. teen ee eeeseeeereeeeenen . 478 EXERCISES... Inn : 486 Korean-English Glossary. seeeeeee 488 Index to the Granmar Notes.sceeseseeese a 551 vataKOREAN BASIC COURSE INTRODUCTORY UNIT INTRODUCTORY UNIT Introduction This 1s the first of two volumes designed to teach spoken Korean to English speakers. ‘The Korean presented in this book 1s representative of the "standard? speech of educated Koreans in Seoul, which has been tne capital city and cultural, educational and political center of the country for over five hundred years. In Korea, as in every other nation, there 1s considerable local variation in pronunciation and vocabulary as well as in styles of speech. However, in schools all over Korea the language presented here 1s used and taught as the national standard and, 1f you learn it well, you will be speaking a form of Korean which has prestige throughout the country and which will be understood everywhere. hie course 1s written primarily for use in an intensive language progran of twenty or more hours per week; but it can also be used for other situations, uch as @ language program in which one or more part-time students attend class for three to six hours per week, or for individual study with the aid of recorded tapes. Acquiring profietency in the use of language ts like acquiring proficiency in any other skill, for example, driving an automobile-- you must practice untt1 the mechantes of driving - or speaking - are reflex. It is the aim of this course, therefore, to bring students to lautomacity! in speaking and underetand- ing everyday Korean. The following points are emphasized to both the teacher and the student: 1. ALWAYS SPEAK AT A NORMAL CONVERSATIONAL SPEED. Neither the teacher nor the student should ever allow himself to speak slower than a ‘normal rate of speed. AVOID THE USE OF ENGLISH IN THE CLASSROOM except for occasional linguis— tie explanations or discussions by a linguist. Drill hours with the native-speaking instructor should be carried out entirely in Korean from the very beginning. Time spent in speaking English in class is largely time wasted. 3. CORRECT MISTAKES IMMEDIATELY. Mistakes made by a student should not Ue passed over, bub should be immediately corrected by the instructor 4, AVOID QUESTIONS beginning with WHY, such as “Why do you say 1t that way?INTRODUCTORY UNIT. KOREAN BASIC COURSE If a student wants to ask questions, he should ask more useful and anawerable questions beginning with HOW or WHEN, such as, "How do you use the word?" or, “when do you use this expression?” 5. AVOID DISCUSSIONS WITH THE INSTRUCTOR ABOUT KOREAN. Talking about Korean should be confined to the linguistic hour spectally set aside for such discussions with a scientific linguist, separate from regular arii1 hours. 6. REVIEW CONSTANTLY. As the students proceed through the course, they should master everything thoroughly. Each new untt presupposes thorough mastery of what has been covered before. Otherwise, do not go ahead. Organization and Use of This Course Bach unit in Korean Basic Course Volume 1 (Units 1-18) consists of four major parts: Basie Dialogues or other "basic sentences’, Notes on Dialogues, Granmar Notes, Drills and Exercises. Basic Dialogues Bach unit begins with a connected dialogue of about ten sentences between two or (cccastonaliy) more speakers. Each dialogue 1s to be practiced, memoriz~ ed and acted out until 1t has been so toverlearned! that the utterances and thetr Sequence are understood and can be produced automatically without conscious thought or hesitation. .In some units, there is a group of two or (rarely) nore short dialogues which are related to one another. In such a unit, the dlalogues may be treated as one connected dialogue. In the Basic Dialogues, new words and phrases (!build-ups!) are introduced immediately before each sentence. They are not part of the Dislogue itself. In dealing with the Basie Dialogues, the following steps are suggested: 1. First, the instructor reads each sentence 1ine-by-line at normal speed. ‘The students listen with books closed, so that they may become accustomed to depending on their ears. 2. The instructor says the words or phrases of the "butld-ups! and then the complete sentences. The students repeat immediately after the instructor (books sti11 closed). ‘he instructor corrects errors by repeating mispronouncedKOREAN BASIC COURSE INTRODUCTORY War? words or phrases as they should have been said, so that the students can try again. 3. When the students are able to approximate an imitation of the instructor, they begin intensive practice on the dialogue, imitating the instructor line-by- Line (books optionally open), until the instructor 1s satisfied that their per- formance 19 sure and fluent. 44, After going through the dialogue several times in this way, the students take the roles in the dialogue (books closed) and practice until they are freely able to do tt from memory. Notes on Dialogues and Grammar Notes Notes on Dialogues and Grammar Notes follow the Basic Dialogue section. ‘he Notes are intended to be self-explanatory and to be read outside the class after the Basie Dialogue has been introduced. The Notes on Dialogues are num- bered according to the sentences in the dialogue, and are intended to give additional information on the use of the words, phrases or sentences. The Gram- mar Notes are systematic presentations of new patterns or major grammatical con- structions that occur for the first time in the Basic Dialogues or other ‘basic sentences! in the unit. If the course 1s being taught (as intended) by a team composed of a scten- tific Linguist and a native speaker, some explanation of the Notes may be appro- priate in class. However, in general, drill time in class with a native instruc- tor should be conducted entirely in Korean. If the native-speaking instructor 4s also a trained linguist and fluent in English, specific periods may be set aside for granmatical explanations; these should be kept separate from regular arill sessions during which English should be used only for translations or paraphrases designed to keep the student aware of the meaning of the Korean sentences he 1s practicing. The Grammar Notes are written to give some basic understanding of Korean to the beginning student, and are intended to be immediately and practically rele- vant. If, however, the student finds them difficult to understand, he can simply ignore them. Instead of wasting time talking about Korean, extensive drill concentrated on specific points of pronunciation or grammar can produce the desired goal - profictency in performance. The course ts designed to produce an operational competence in Korean, not a theoretical understanding of 1t- Drills The Drills in this Course are of a considerable variety. However, eachINTRODUCTORY UNIT. KOREAN BASIC COURSE unit basically has five kinds of drilis: Substitution Drills Transformation (or Grannar) Drilis Response Drills Combination Drills Expansion Drills Tt is to be noted that each drill has its own specific purpose, but the final goal of all the drills 1s to lead the student to develop his profictency in free conversation. Without suffictent drill practice, he cannot achieve ‘such proficiency. Therefore, a great proportion of class time is to be devoted to drills, until the students are able to do them accurately with their books closed. Drills can be done in the following atepa: 1. Drills are learned first like the sentences of the dialogues. That 1s, each new drill sentence is repeated after the instructor until 1t 1s correctly produced with books closed. 2. The students read the dril1 sentences aloud at normal speed from their books. 3. The drill 1s then done without the book; the instructor gives the appropriate cues or stimuli, and the students produce the proper responses. a. Substitution Drills In this course, there are several kinds of substitution drills: simple Substitution; Multiple Substitution; Alternate Substitution, Correlation Substitution, ete. In substitution drills - of whatever kind - students will be réquired to produce the given pattern sentence, and then they will be requir- ed to make substitutions in one or more Islots!, using the 'cues! furnished by the instructor. Sometimes, he may be asked to form a properly arranged sentence by inserting a correlated cue. The basic aims of a substitution drill are two- fold: automatic and reflex, in order to develop fluency in actual free conversation; the first 1s to make the student's control of the pattern sentences the second 1s to practice useful lexical itens in the given sentence patterns. ‘The lexical items are either those which have occurred previously or new related ones. New words and phrases added in the substitution drills are marked with an asterisk to the left of the sentence on their first occurrence. New words and phrases are used only in substitution drills. Substitution drills are printed in two columns, with English equivalents on the right and drill sentences with cues underlined on the left. English equivalents are not provided except forKOREAN BASIC COURSE INTRODUCTORY UNIT the model sentences at the beginning of each drill; but only in Substitution Drills are English equivalents provided for subsequent sentences. b. Response Drills These are mostly queation-and-answer drills designed to help the students develop abtiity to reapond to questions normally. A model ts provided at the beginning of the drill. The student is required to produce a response for each question or remark, uaing the cue or stimulus supplied by the instructor. ¢. Transformation Drills ‘The student 1s required to produce sentences parallel in an easily general~ izable way to the pattern sentence. For example, the student may be asked to transform a negative to an affirmative pattern; or a statement to a question. Transformation Drills are sometimes designated as Grammar Drills in this course 4. Combination Drills ‘These are drills in which the student ts asked to produce one long pattern by combining two short’ patterns. e. Expansion Drills Starting from a short sentence, the instructor gives cues one by one requesting the student to expand the sentence each time in specific ways. Exerelses The exercises are of two sorts: (1) they ask the student to complete unfinished utterances or to give appropriate responses to the questions based on reality relevant to each situation; (2) they offer suggestions about addi tion~ al practice and review for what has been covered in the unit. The students should be able to do all these exercises fluently and accurate- ly before going on to the next unit Romanization The symbols used to represent Korean sounds are based on a phonemte analysis (see Pronunciation), but each word 1s transcribed morphophonemically - that 1s, each word 1s always written with the same sequence of symbols, even though its pronunciation may be changed by what precedes or follows it. However, if a word has two shapes, our selection is made on the basis of the final sound of the preceding word. The stems of inflected words (1.e. verbs) are written the same way always, even if phonetic changes take place when certain endings or suffixes are added to then.INPRODUCTORY UNIT KOREAN BASIC COURSE Words are separated by spaces. A Korean word is a form which may be either (1) inflected or untnflected, (2) bound or free. Free forms can occur alone, while bound forms can occur only with other forms. If a bound form occurs with another form, the combination 1s a single word unless at least one of the bound forms also occurs with free forms in other constructions. The first letter of a sentence (except 2 or a) 1s capitalized. So is the first letter of a proper noun wherever it occurs. Korean Orthography (Hank) In Volume 1, the dialogue portions of each unit are accompanied by Korean orthography (Hankal) throughout the text. And in the glossary at the end of the text, Hankii 1s provided for all entries, in addition to English equivalents. We follow the standard Korean spelling rules in this text regardless of the transcription. Spaces within a phrase or sentence are based on Hanksl writing rules; for example, particles are not separated from the words preceding them. Since Hank.l 1s relatively easy to learn, 1t may be introduced gradually during the middle part of the text, replacing the Romanized transcription completely by the time Volume 1 1s completed. A student should thus be able to read in Hanktl at normal speed before he goes on to Volume 2, which 1a entirely in Hankal and English. It 4s not the intention of this text to teach spoken Korean through Hanks1 from the very beginning, since 1t requires some time before the student can read it fluently. Banka can be easily mastered by reading (in Hankal) dialogues which have already been memorized by the students. It 19 suggested that students inter: the knowledge of Chinese characters in addition to Hanksi) use an appropriate ted in written Korean (which requires baste reading text. Speotal Symbols Symbol In_a KOREAN sequence In an ENOLISH sequence () — opttonai addition, no change Explanatory information, not of meaning. a(b)=a or abs required in English. b 4s optional. Muoa (21) hastanticka? Korean (language) tWhat do [you] do?!ay t o1 a/b ‘of 2 Standard Korean, spoken by educated nativi of 8 vowels, 2 semi-vowels and 19 consonants: KOREAN BASIC COURSE Alternate forms (1tke English a/an)- A/ka, 21/121 "sentence! pronunctation of preceding words (1ike English gan't you /kancha/) ottahsamnikka?/ettessamnikka/ hakomng/haksaeng/ Hankuk mai /nangkungnal/ (in substitution drills) new lexical item. End of question-sentence. End of other kinds of sentences. After (1) sentence adverbs and adverb phrases, (2) subordinate clauses. (2) Connects parts of compound words (1ike English steter-tn. Jay), (2--in Grannar Notes) indicates end of verb stem or beginning of some verb endings. Pronunciation INTRODUCTORY UNIT Literal translation: [1]¥m fine. (1) exist well!) English items not represented in Korean. {r]!m fine. (*{1] exist well.') (an 'Butid-upst) or child; baby of Seoul, has an inventoryINTRODUCTORY UNIT KOREAN BASIC COURSE (a) Vowels (b) Semi-vowels woy (c) Consonants Note: Pp ot 6 x pp tt ce kk pe othe che | ia The symbols pp, tt, ce, Kk, ph, th, ch, Kh, 98, ng in the above chart are unit sounds, not combination sounds. ‘The Korean phonological system can be described in terms of possible syllable formation: (a) 8 (>) 144 (e) ou (a) 108 (e) 90 (f) 2 (sg) 1 (a) a (1) 56 (3) 1008 (i) be GQ) 35 (m) 756 (n) 630 The most common vowels, (b) 144 + y+ vowel, (e) single vowels consonant + vowel sent-vowel + vowel consonant + y (semi=vowel) + vowel consonant + w (semt-vowel) + vowel aty utoty consonant +» +94+y vowel + consonant consonant + vowel + consonant + vonel + consonant 4 + vowel + consonant consonant + y + vowel + consonant consonant + w + vowel + consonant: syllable types, however, are the first five kinds: (a) 8 single consonant + vowel, (c) 11 semi-vowel + vowel, (d) 108 consonant 90 consonant + w + vowel. The following chart shows the formation of tne basic Korean syllables. It 4s essential that the student should ultimately be able to pronounce and dtstinguish each syllable type correctly. 8Basic Syllable Chart INTRODUCTORY UNIT Practice 1 pels l* 15 le 17 | 8 | [30]u Jae [a3 fas fas fas [ar [rs [as [20 a| xa }icca [na [na [ta [eta | tna [aa | me | pa [pra | pha [oa [ose [oa [cca [cha | ha | ane 3| xo | xo | kno | ne [te | tte | the | 10 | mo | po | pps | pho | so | se | ca |cce | cho | ho | ong | ko | kko | Kho | no alee tho [10 | mo | po | ppo | pho | 80 | sso |co [cco |eho | ho | ong ula [ka [eho [na [ta [eee [ene [au | mu | pu | ppu | pha [su |ssu [eu |ecu | chu | hu | ung alia fie [ana | na [ea [ees fen far | m | pa | per | pma [sr |ssi [er [eer [on | m | ang tfxa [oat Pant [na [er [ees | ent [a2 | mt | pt | ppt [pnt fst |ssi [et ject font | nt | ing el xe [uke [ine [ne |te [tte [the |e | me | pe | pre |pne | se |sse |ee |ece |che | ne | eng w|i | xe | knw | nm | te | tte | tre | 10 | mo | pe | pps | phe | se |sse |cw [ccm | che | he | sng ya |'kya | kkya | knya | nya | tya | ttya | thya | 1va | mya| pya| ppya | phya | sya | ssya | eye | ceye | chya | hya | yang ya | kya | kxyo khye | aye | tye | ttye | thye | 1ye | mye | pye | ppye | phys | sya | ssyo | eye | ecye | chye | hyo | yong yo | kyo | kkyo | knyo | nyo | tyo | ttyo | thyo |1y0 | myo | pyo | ppyo | phyo | ayo | ssyo | eyo | ceyo | ehyo | hyo | yong ya | kyu | raya) khyu | nya | tyu | ttyu | thyw | aya | mya | pyu | ppyu | phyu | sya | asyu |cyu | ceyu | ehyu | hyu | yung ye | kye | xxye | knye | nye | tye | ttye | thye [ave | mye | pye | ppye | phye | sye | ssye |eve |ccye | chye | hye | yene ye | kye | vxya| kaye | nyw | tye | tty | thy [aye | mye | pym| ppye | phyw | syw | save |cye |ccym | chys | hye | yeng wa | wa | kkwa | khwa | nwa | twa | tewa | thwa | iwa | mwa | pwa| ppwa | phwa | swa | sswa |ewa [ccwa | chwa | hwa | wang wa | xwa | idee | khwo | nwa | ewe | ctwo | thwe |1we | mo | pw | ppwe | phwo | swe | sswa |ewa |cowo | chwe | hyo | wong wt | vot | doced | rw [nwa [owt | tewa | ehwa [awe | mwa | pet | ppwt | phws | swt | sowt [owt [oowt |chwt | hwi | wing we |kwe |kxwe | xnwe [nwe [twe | ttwe | thwe [ime | mwe | pwe| ppwe | phwe | swe | sawe jowe |cowe | chwe | hne | weng we | twee | Kc | xr | rns [ owen | ttwan | thaw ]anae | muse | pw] ppwe | phwes | swe | save [oa |ew | chwe | hue | wang