Vroom 1

Sean Vroom

Professor Thomas

UWRT 1103 – 020

Annotated Bibliography 4:

Michelle Brandalize, Érico Felden Pereira, Neiva Leite, Geraldo Lorenzi Filho &

Fernando Mazzilli Louzada, are the authors and researchers behind “Effects of Morning School

Schedule on Sleep and Anthropometric Variables in Adolescents: A Follow-Up Study”. This

article was found in UNC Charlotte academic search complete peer-reviewed site and can also be

found in Chronobiology International The Journal of Biological and Medical Rhythm Research.

Érico Felden Pereira received his education from the University of Estado de Santa Catarina.

Neiva Leite’s education is from the University of Federal do Parana (professor in Physical

Education), Geraldo Lorenzi Filho’s education from the University of Lorezi-Filho (Department

of Cardiopulmonary System). Fernando Mazzilli Louzada’s education is from the University of

Federal do Parana (Department of Physiology).

This article on the effects of morning and afternoon classes on the sleep schedule was an

analysis of a study to see the effect of morning or afternoon classes had on the amount of time

that students spent sleeping. It was noted that “The aim of this study was to assess whether the

shift from afternoon to morning classes reduces the duration of sleep”. The sample group

consisted of a 183 male student sample size, and 196 female student sample size. Students also

completed multiple questionnaires about the amount of time that they spent sleeping, how they

felt during the day, amount of physical activity and food intake. The morning class sample group

would have class from 7:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. while the afternoon class group had class from 1

p.m. to 5:30 p.m. At the end of the 12 month testing period, the results showed that males in the
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afternoon class group received 9.93 hours of sleep on the weekdays, while males in the morning

class group received 8.89 hours of sleep on the weekdays. It was also noted that females in the

afternoon group received 10.06 hours of sleep on the weekdays and 9.11 hours of sleep on the

weekends.

Analysis: The journal of Biological Medical Rhythm Research on Effect of Morning School

Schedule on Sleep and Anthropometric Variables in Adolescents: A Follow-Up Study, provides a

read with much scientific evidence and tests behind its data. This read is in a similar format of a

lab report. The educational backgrounds in areas of psychology and physical development

provides a sense of credibility for the authors’ argument. The research that was conducted in the

study, about time spent sleeping for those with morning or afternoon classes ties into my

research question of can morning classes provide a successful environment for college students.

From the data collected it was shown that while students with afternoon classes often received

more sleep, both groups were able to receive at least eight hours of sleep a night. Which is the

commonly recommended amount of sleep for college students. The article gave very little bias as

it was more of an analysis of data collected over a period of twelve months.

Quotes:

 “The final sample consisted of 183 boys and 196 girls.” (Brandalize, Felden Pereira,

Leite, Lorenzi Filho, and Mazzilli Louzada)

 “Questions regarding physical activity and eating frequency were answered at home and

afterward returned to school. The evaluators checked the data, asked for corrections, if
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necessary and feasible, and excluded subjects for whom data were lacking in quantity or

quality” (Brandalize, Felden Pereira, Leite, Lorenzi Filho, and Mazzilli Louzada)

 “A sleep questionnaire (Louzada & Menna-Barreto, 2003) was administered to obtain

self-reported bedtime and wake-up time, from which the variable time-in-bed was

calculated for both school days and weekends.” (Brandalize, Felden Pereira, Leite,

Lorenzi Filho, and Mazzilli Louzada)

Michelle Érico Felden Neiva Leite Geraldo Lorenzi Fernando Mazzilli

Brandalize Pereira Filho Louzada

Picture Not

Found

MLA Works Cited:

Michelle Brandalize, Érico Felden Pereira, Neiva Leite, Geraldo Lorenzi Filho & Fernando

Mazzilli Louzada (2011) Effect of Morning School Schedule on Sleep and

Anthropometric Variables in Adolescents: A Follow-Up Study, Chronobiology

International, 2011,

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/07420528.2011.603452