ai. Running Line West, south and then east to Refinery.

West = 8 Miles
South = 16 Miles
East = 40 Miles
8+16+40=64 miles
64 Miles *$480,000 per mile= $30,720,000

Aii. heading east through the mountain and then south to refinery.
East=(40-8)=32 Miles
Drilling=4,500,000
Environmental impact study=$600,000
Months=8, per month = $100,000, total=$800,000
South=16 Miles
$480,000(16+32)+$4,500,000+$800,000+$600,000=$28,940,000

bi. Shortest distance across private ground to the refinery.

Shortest distance can be represented as a right triangle.

To find “r” miles we can use the Pythagorean Theorem of a^2+b^2=c^2

a=16 miles
b=32 miles, this is known from earlier (40-8)
So 16^2+32^2=1280
sqrt=square root
c=sqrt(1280) Miles
If we go through the private land it is an additional cost of $360,000 per mile on top of the
$480,000 per mile for laying the pipe.
$480,000(sqrt(1280)Miles)+$360,000(sqrt(1280)Miles)=$30,052,753.62

bii. Shortest distance south through private ground then east to refinery
south=16 miles
east=32 miles (40-8)
Since south is going through the private ground we have to add the $360,000 price per mile
through private ground on top of the $480,000 per mile for pipes.
($480,000+$360,000)=$840,000 per mile if we go through private ground.
$840,000(16)+32($480,000)=$28,800,000

c. to find the function for cost I will use the example from earlier about pythagorean’s theorem
except change the place to a random spot for better accuracy.

-We will replace 32 from previous example to x because it is an unknown length of the side of
the triangle.
-The Hypotenuse will be the sqrt(x^2+16^2) because that is the length of that side when we use
the Pythagorean theorem.
-The purple line is going to be represented as 32-x because we know that the length total is (40-
8) from the red line to refinery, and it the length of the purple will be 32 minus whatever x is
equal to.
-So the cost function will equal C(x)=$480,000(32-x)+$840,000(sqrt(x^2+16^2)
-Now to determine the minimum cost of this we must find the derivative to find critical points. To
find the derivative we will use the sum rule of derivatives.

-derivative is now split up into two separate functions.

Derivative of (480000(32-x)) can be solved by using constant multiple rule.

Now the derivative of (32-x) is (0-1)=-1

Therefore the derivative of the fist function is -480,000

-same concept of constant multiple rule can be used on second function in the sum.

so now all we have to do is find derivative of sqrt(x^2+16^2)

We need to use the Chain rule of derivatives to find this derivative.

So now we do the chain rule which says

Now

Which simplifies to

Now we need to multiply by the 840,000 so now it is

So

Set C’(x) to zero to find critical points of C(x)

 We add 480000 to both sides

Then multiply the denominator to both sides

Next divide the 480000 on both sides

Now square both sides to get rid of sqrt

Then we will multiply both sides by 480000^2

Now we minus 480000^2*x^2

from both sides

Now we divide by (840000^2-

480000^2) from both sides

Then we sqrt both sides to get a single x

Now solve from here

Since we don’t need to worry about negative numbers this is x.

Now to find if this number is a maximum or minimum value we just need to plug one number
close to it on both sides. We
will do 11 and 11.2

Because it changes from negative to positive we know that it must be a minimum value.

now we plug the

11.14096998 back
into C(x)

-This is the minimum cost value from our C(x) equation. The minimum cost would be about
$26,389,560.00

-So from this we know that directly south of us to blm ground on opposite side and 11.141 miles
east from there is where the point where the pipe needs to go back to blm ground after it goes
through the private ground.
-To get this Minimum value we need to know at what angle to put the pipe down so it would hit
the right spot. To do this we need to use the Pythagorean theorem and some trigonometry.
 Now we can determine the angle ‘a’ by using tangent.

To solve for a we need to take the arctan of both sides

So now we know that we need to position the pipe about 34.8499 degrees southeast from the
refinery to get optimal cost.
Here is the C(x) function graphed with the Minimum value highlighted.
 Reflection of class

Calculus is a whole new world of math. I thought calculus would be similar to

other math, but the concept is different. It was difficult to change my mind set to limits

and derivatives and solving things using the calculus way instead of the math 1050 way.

Calculus is a very useful tool. It allows us to figure out so many things. This final

project is a perfect example of how calculus is a tool. By making a function based off of

available data and then finding its derivative we are able to find out what the critical

points are on a graph without using a graphing tool. The career path I have chosen is

mechanical engineering, and while I don’t know what exactly I want to do with

mechanical engineering I know for sure that calculus will be used in it. It can be finding

the function for a machine to make sure it is working probably or just finding the

minimum energy required for something to work, or the maximum amount of something

to make sure we don’t use too much of whatever we are working with.

We can also use integrals in calculus to determine the area in between curves to

help us find other bits of data. For example we did a problem where we were finding

birth rates and death rates and finding the area between the two curves in between 0 to

10 years. By finding this we saw how much more births there were than deaths over

the specified time period. I am grateful that I have been able to study Calculus because

I know that it will come up extremely often for the rest of my life.