Assalaam-u-Alaikum

The Islamic Prayer Book

This book is intended as a concise guide to help you prepare for,

understand and perform the prescribed Islamic prayers. It provides
extensive references to authentic Hadith on the way the Holy Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH) prayed.

Key to Hadith References.

Buk. - Bukhari;
Mus. - Muslim;
A.D. - Abu Dawood;
I.M. - Ibn Majah;
Misk. - Mishkaat-Al-Masabih by F. Karim.

Acknowledgements

Research and compilations by Aslim Is’akh. (718) 479-5617

Composition and editing by Mahmoud Hussein. (mahmoudh@optonline.net)
Book layout and printing by Abid Rasul. (abid_rasul@dstoutput.com)
Cover design by Azeem Hussein.

Thanks to Allah, our families and all those who help and support this ongoing effort.

This Book Belongs to:_________________________________________________

Version 2.2 - 06/24/2002

i The Islamic Prayer Book

The Islamic Prayer Book ii
 Table of Contents
The Islamic Prayer Book .........................................................................................i
Key to Hadith References. .........................................................................................i
Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................i
The Qur‘an and Hadith on Prayer..........................................................................1
Purification ...........................................................................................................2
How to Perform Wudu (Ablution) ..........................................................................2
Wudu, the Partial Ablution...................................................................................2
Ghusl, The Full Ablution ......................................................................................3
Tayammum, The Symbolic Ablution .....................................................................3
Dua After Wudu...................................................................................................3
Salaah (Prayer) - Times, Number of Rakaahs ........................................................4
Prayer times:....................................................................................................4
Forbidden and exempted times of Prayer: .........................................................4
Prayer Rakaahs:...............................................................................................4
Manner of dress and recitation: ........................................................................4
The Adhan (Public call to prayer) ..........................................................................5
Adhan .................................................................................................................5
Dua after Adhan ..................................................................................................6
Other preparations before Prayer..........................................................................6
Iqama ..................................................................................................................6
Notes on Prayer positions ......................................................................................7
Notes on Joining the Prayer late............................................................................7
How to perform Prayer (Salaah).............................................................................8
Notes on Al-Faatiha .............................................................................................8
Al-Faatiha: The Opening ......................................................................................9
Al-Ikhlaas (Qur‘an Ch. 112)..................................................................................9
At-Tashahhud (The Salutation to Allah) ..............................................................11
Salawat or Darud...............................................................................................12
Suggested Qur‘anic Duas ...................................................................................13
Tasleem .............................................................................................................13
Zikr .....................................................................................................................14
Ayat-Ul-Kursi - The Verse of the Throne .............................................................15
Witr Prayer ..........................................................................................................16
Qunut ...............................................................................................................16
Another Qunut ..................................................................................................17
Janaza Prayer (Funeral) ......................................................................................18
Dua to break the fast...........................................................................................18
Short Qur‘anic Surahs ........................................................................................19
An-Naas - Chapter 114 ......................................................................................19
Al-Falaq - Chapter 113.......................................................................................19
Al-Ikhlaas - Chapter 112 ....................................................................................19
An-Nasr - Chapter 110 .......................................................................................20
Al-Kafirun - Chapter 109....................................................................................20

iii The Islamic Prayer Book

The Islamic Prayer Book iv
 The Qur‘an and Hadith on Prayer
Bismillaahir Rahmaanir Raheem

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful

Seek help in patience and prayer; and truly it is hard save for the humble-minded.
(Qur‘an Ch. 2: v45)

O ye who believe! Seek help with patient perseverance and prayer: for Allah is with
those who patiently persevere. (Qur‘an Ch. 2: v153)

When my servants ask thee concerning Me I am indeed close (to them); I listen to the
prayer of every suppliant when he calls on Me; let them also with a will listen to My call
and believe in Me; that they may walk in the right way. (Qur‘an Ch. 2: v186)

Be ever mindful of prayers, and of praying in the most excellent way;

and stand before God in devout obedience. (Qur‘an Ch. 2: v238)

When ye have performed the act of worship, remember Allah, standing, sitting and
reclining. And when ye are in safety, observe proper worship. Worship at fixed hours
hath been enjoined on the believers. (Qur‘an Ch. 4: v103)

Lo! The hypocrites seek to beguile Allah, but it is Allah who beguiles them. When they
stand up to worship they perform it languidly and to be seen of men, and are mindful of
Allah but little. (Qur‘an Ch. 4: v142)

O ye who believe! When ye rise up for prayer, wash your face, and your hands up to the
elbows, and lightly rub your heads and (wash) your feet up to the ankles. And if ye are
unclean, purify yourselves. And if ye are sick or on a journey, or one of you cometh
from the closet, or ye have had contact with women, and ye find not water, then go to
clean, high ground and rub your faces and your hands with some of it. Allah would not
place a burden on you, but He would purify you and would perfect His grace upon you,
that ye may give thanks. (Qur‘an Ch. 5: v6)

Surely, my worship, and my sacrifice, and my living, and my dying are for Allah, Lord of
the Worlds. (Qur‘an Ch. 6: v162)

Truly, to a happy state shall attain the believers:

those who humble themselves in their prayer,
and who turn away from all that is frivolous,
and who are intent on inner purity. (Qur‘an Ch. 23: vs.1-4)

Extol, then, God's limitless glory

when you enter upon the evening hours, and when you rise at morn;
and seeing that unto Him is due all praise in the heavens and earth,
glorify Him in the afternoon as well, and when you enter upon the hour of noon.
(Qur‘an Ch. 30: vs.17-18)

The Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, “Pray as you have seen me praying”
(Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 604).

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 Purification
O ye who believe! When ye rise up for prayer, wash your face, and your hands up to the
elbows, and lightly rub your heads and (wash) your feet up to the ankles. And if ye are
unclean, purify yourselves. And if ye are sick or on a journey, or one of you cometh
from the closet, or ye have had contact with women, and ye find not water, then go to
clean, high ground and rub your faces and your hands with some of it. Allah would not
place a burden on you, but He would purify you and would perfect His grace upon you,
that ye may give thanks. (Qur‘an Ch. 5: v6)

The key to prayer is purification; its beginning is takbeer, its end is tasleem. (A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 61)

How to Perform Wudu (Ablution)

There are two forms of ablution: the partial ablution (Wudu) and the complete ablution (Ghusl).

The following actions or conditions nullify the state of purity and require a partial ablution (Wudu).
Discharges from the body (stools, urine, gas) (Qur‘an Ch. 4: v43); (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 176-177)
Flow of blood other than menses from the body. (A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 286)
Falling sleep (A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 203)
Disobeying The Holy Qur‘an Ch. 5: v90; which prohibits intoxicants and becoming intoxicated.
One cannot perform prayer unless completely sober. (Qur‘an Ch. 4: v43)

To begin Wudu one recites:

Bismillaahir Rahmaanir Raheem

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.

(I.M. Vol. 1; Num. 399)

Wudu, the Partial Ablution

1. Wash the hands up to the wrist three times, starting with the right, then the left hand.

2. Rinse the mouth with water three times.

3. Cleanse the nostrils of the nose by sniffing water into them three times.
4. Wash the face three times - from the forehead to the bottom of the chin, from ear to ear.

5. Wash the right arm three times up to the top of the elbow, then wash the left arm.
6. With wet hands, wipe the whole head from the forehead to the back of the neck, once.
7. Wipe the back of both ears with the thumbs and the inside of the ears with the index fingers.

8. Wipe both feet up to the ankles, three times, beginning with the right foot, and ensuring that
the heels and between the toes are wiped.

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 Ghusl, The Full Ablution

O you who believe, go not near prayer when you are intoxicated till you know what you
say, nor after sexual intercourse - except you are merely passing by - until you have
bathed (Ghusl). …. (Qur‘an Ch. 4: v43)

The following actions or conditions require the full ablution (Ghusl) before performing prayer.
Sexual intercourse. (Qur‘an Ch. 4: v43)
Wet dream. (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 280); (Buk. Vol. 3; Num. 609)
The expiration of a woman's menstrual period. (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 303, Num. 317)

Maimuna reported that the Holy Prophet performed Ghusl as follows. (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 265)

1. Washed the hands and the private parts.

2. Washed the parts of the body in the same way as in Wudu except the feet.
3. Washed the entire body.
4. Washed his feet.

Tayammum, The Symbolic Ablution

….And if you are sick, or on a journey, or one of you come from the privy, or you have
touched the women and you cannot find water, betake yourselves to pure earth,
(Tayammum) then wipe your faces and your hands. Surely Allah is ever Pardoning,
Forgiving. (Qur‘an Ch. 4: v43)

The symbolic ablution (tayammum), is used when no water is available or a person cannot use
water because of reasons of health.
1. Touch earth, sand, or stone lightly with both hands and then wipe the face with them once as
done in the partial ablution.

2. Touch earth, sand, or stone lightly with both hands and then wipe the right arm to the elbow
with the left hand and the left arm with the right hand.

Dua After Wudu

When one is finished with Wudu, one recites:

Ashhadu al laa ilaaha illal laahu wahdahu laa shareekalahu wa ash hadu anna
Muhammadan abduhu wa rasuuluh.

I bear witness that there is no God except Allah and He is one and has no partner, and I also
bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.
(I.M. Vol. 1; Num. 419); (Mus. Vol. 1; Num. 451)

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 Salaah (Prayer) - Times, Number of Rakaahs
Prayer times:

Fajr: From dawn to just before sunrise.

Zuhr: Just after noon (when the sun has passed the median point in the sky).
Asr: Halfway between noon and sunset.
Maghrib: Just after sunset.
‘Ishā’: Dark night (approximately an hour and a half after sunset up to midnight).
(Mus. Vol. 1; Num. 1273-1280)

Forbidden and exempted times of Prayer:

The Holy Prophet forbade us to pray at these three times of day. (Mus. Vol. 2; Num. 1811)

When the sun begins to rise until it is fully up.

When the sun draws near to setting until it has set.
When the sun is at its height at midday until it passes the meridian.

Women are exempted from prayers during their menstrual period. (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 228)
After childbirth, women are exempted from prayers up to forty days, then they resume prayers,
except if they heal before that duration of time. (A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 311);(I.M. Vol. 1; Num. 648-649)

Prayer Rakaahs:
The Fard rakaahs are the compulsory or prescribed prayer.

The first two rakaahs of the Fard of Fajr, Maghrib and the ‘Ishā’ prayers are read aloud.

Additional rakaahs are often said (Sunnah) after the example of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
and are said individually - that is, not in congregation.

The following is a table of the order and number of rakaahs for each time of prayer:

Sunnah Sunnah
Fard
Before After

Fajr 2 2
Zuhr 4 4 2
Asr 4
Maghrib 3 2
‘Ishā’ 4 2

The Holy Prophet prayed a total of 12 rakaahs before and after the prescribed prayers.
(A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 1246); (Mus. Vol. 1; Num. 1581)

Manner of dress and recitation:

Body, clothes and place of prayer must be clean.
Women are required to cover their hair in addition to their body.
Men must cover at least from the navel to the knees.
Prescribed prayers should be made in Arabic.
Pronounce individual prayers so that only you can hear yourself. (Misk. Vol. 3; Num. 543)

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 The Adhan (Public call to prayer)
The Adhan or public call to prayer is given and to begin the Salaah, the Iqama is given.

The person giving the Adhan should give the Iqama. (I.M. Vol. 1; Num. 717)

The first person to give the Adhan was Bilaal. He used to put his two fingers to his ears and
would turn right and left at “Hayya ‘alas Salaah and Hayya ‘alal Falaah” respectively.
(Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 607); (A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 520).

However, Hazrat Umar did not put his fingers to his ears. (Buk. Vol. 1; Ch. 19; Pg. 346)

Adhan

Allaahu Akbar Allaahu Akbar

(2x) - God is the Greatest.

Ashhadu al laa ilaaha illal laah

(2x) - I bear witness that there is no God but Allah.

Ashhadu anna Muhamadar rasuulul laah

(2x) - I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger
of God.

Hayya ‘alas Salaah

(2x) - Come to prayer.

Hayya ‘alal Falaah

(2x) - Come to Success.

[Fajr only: Assalaatu khayrum minan nawm

(2x) - Prayer is better than sleep]

Allaahu Akbar Allaahu Akbar

(1x) - God is the Greatest.

Laa ilaaha illal laah

(1x) - There is no deity save God.

Notes on Adhan.
The words of the Adhan are twice and that of the Iqama are once, except for
“Qad Qaamatis Salaah”(Prayer is now ready);
(Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 579)

The words of the Adhan are pronounced in double pairs and the Iqama in single.
(A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 499; Num. 508-510)

The listeners who are present repeat the words of the Adhan. (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 585, 586, 587)

After, “Hayya ‘alas Salaah and Hayya ‘alal Falaah”, the listeners recite
“La hawla wa laa quwwata illaa billaah”. (There is neither might nor power except with Allah)
(Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 587)

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 Dua after Adhan

Allaahumma Rabba haazihid da‘watit taammati, wassalaatil qaaimati, aati Muhammada nil
wa seelata walfadeelata waddarajatar rafeea‘ta wab‘ashu maqaamam mahmooda nil lazee
wa‘attahoo war zuqnaa shafaa-a‘tahoo yawmal qiyaamati, innaka laa tukhliful mee‘aad.
(Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 588)

Allah, the Lord of living prayer, grant to Muhammad nearness and excellence and raise him to the
position of glory which Thou hast promised him, and grant us his intercession on the day of
Requital; surely Thou never fail in (Thy) promise.

Other preparations before Prayer

Men and women are allowed to pray together in the mosques, as this was the practice during the
lifetime of our Holy Prophet. (PBUH). (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 821-832)

The rows are formed in straight lines with the adult males in the first one and the small boys
behind, then the small girls with the adult females at the last. (Mus. Vol. 1; Num. 881)

Stand erect, head down, hands at sides, feet evenly spaced, face the Qibla, (Mecca).

There is no record that the Holy Prophet (PBUH) ever recited any formula for intention such as
“Neeyat Karta” or “Na Waitu” etc.

Iqama

Give the Iqama (prayer is ready) to announce prayer is ready.

Allaahu Akbar Allaahu Akbar (1x)

Ashhadu al laa ilaaha illal laah (1x)

Ashhadu anna Muhamadar rasuulul laah (1x)

Hayya ‘alas Salaah (1x)

Hayya ‘alal Falaah (1x)

Qad Qaamatis Salaah (2x)

Allaahu Akbar Allaahu Akbar (1x)

Laa ilaaha illal laah (1x)

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 Notes on Prayer positions

A rakaah is a unit of prayer comprising a complete cycle of actions and recitations.

From the position of Qiyam (Standing) to Ruku (Stooping or Bowing), followed by the First Sujood
(Sajdah or Prostration) then Jalsa (Sitting between Sujoods) to the end of the Second Sujood.

Salaah starts with Takbeer Tahrima - Allaahu Akbar.

(Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 612, 705, 706, 755); (Mus. Vol. 1; Num. 1005)

After the Takbeer - Allaahu Akbar, raise hands up to the shoulders or ears.
(Buk. Vol 1. Num. 702); (A.D. Vol. 1 Num. 736)

Place right hand on left forearm.

(Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 707)

Hands can be folded and placed above or below the navel.

(A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 755-757)

Hands can be folded and placed on the chest.

(A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 758)

The Holy Prophet (PBUH) sometimes raised his hands to his shoulders at the pronouncement of
the other takbeers.
(Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 706)

He also did not do so but kept them folded until he went to ruku.
(A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 747-749; Misk. Vol. 3; Num. 211)

Both forms are correct and to choose one for the other is a matter of one’s opinion.

Salaah ends with Tasleem.

(Assalaamu ‘alaikum wa rahmatul laah)
(Buk. Vol. 1; Ch. 70; Pg. 443); (I.M. Vol. 2; Num. 914)

Notes on Joining the Prayer late

Whoever joins a congregational prayer after it has started but joins before the ruku of a rakaah,
he is considered present for that entire rakaah.

…and if anyone is present while bowing (ruku), he has been present at the prayer.
(A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 892)

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 How to perform Prayer (Salaah)
Salaah consists of the recitation of glorifications and supplications while the worshipper performs
actions in certain defined physical positions. The manner of the recitations - (Transliteration in
Bold Italics) - can vary, depending on the prescribed time of the prayer.

1. Quama (Stand, hands at the sides, facing Qiblah)

Allaahu Akbar - (Takbeer Tahrima)

God is the Greatest.

Raise hands up to the shoulders or ears. (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 702); (A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 736)
Place right hand on left forearm. (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 707)

2. Qiyam (Stand, right hand on left forearm, facing Qiblah)

After Takbeer Tahrima, the Holy Prophet recited a number of short prayers.
(Mus. Vol. 1; Num. 1696); (A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 759, 774); (Misk. Vol. 3; Num. 214, 219)
Some of these are:

Inni wajjahtu wajhiya lil-lazee

fataras-samaawaati wal ‘arda
haneefaw wa maa ‘anaa minal
mushrikeen, Inna salaatee wa
nusukee wa mahiyaaya wa
mamaatee lil-laahi rabbil-
aalameen, laa shareeka lahu
wa bizalika ‘umirtu wa ‘anaa
minal-muslimeen.

Surely I have turned myself, being upright wholly to Him Who originated the heavens and the
earth and I am not of the polytheists. Surely my prayer and my sacrifice and my life and my
death are for Allah, the Lord of the worlds, no associate has He; and this I am commanded
and I am one of those who submit.

Subhaanaka laahumma wa bihamdika, wa tabaara kasmuka, wa ta‘aalaa jadduka, wa

laa ilaaha ghayruka.

Glory to Thee, O Allah, and Thine is the praise, and blessed is Thy name, and exalted is Thy
Majesty, and there is none to be served besides Thee.

Notes on Al-Faatiha
3. Al-Faatiha must be read in every rakaah. No prayer is valid without the Faatiha.
(I.M. Vol. 2; Num. 837)
The worshipper only recites the Faatiha when the Imam is leading the Salaah.
(A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 823)
The worshipper recites Faatiha inwardly when the Imam is leading the Salaah.
(A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 820); (I.M. Vol. 2; Num. 838)

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 A ‘ouzu bil laahi minash shaytaanir rajeem.
I seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the accursed.

Al-Faatiha: The Opening

Bismillaahir Rahmaanir Raheem.
In the Name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.

Al hamdu lil-laahi Rabbil ‘alameen.

Ar-Rahmaanir Raheem Maaliki yaumid Deen.
Iyyaaka na‘budu wa iyyaaka nasta'een.
Ihdinas siraatal mustaqeem.
Siraatal lazeena an ‘amta' alaihim.
Ghairil maghduubi' alaihim walaad daal-leen.

Aameen.

Aameen is said aloud by Imam and congregation after Faatiha. (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 747-749)

All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, the Beneficent, the Merciful.
Master of the day of Requital, Thee do we worship and Thee do we beseech for help.
Guide us on the right path, the path of those upon whom Thou hast bestowed favors,
Not of those upon whom wrath is brought down, nor of those who go astray.

If required, another surah or verses of a surah or combination of surahs is then recited.

Example: Al-Ikhlaas, shown below, can be recited.

When the Imam recites the other verses from the Qur‘an, the followers remain silent.
(I.M. Vol. 2; Num. 846)

Al-Ikhlaas (Qur‘an Ch. 112)

Qul huwal laahu ahad.

Allaahus samad. Lam yalid.
Wa lam yuulad. Wa lam yakul
lahu kufuwan ahad.

Say, He Allah is One. Allah is He on Whom all depends!

He begets not. Nor is He begotten. And there is none comparable unto Him.

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4. Allaahu Akbar
God is the Greatest.

Bend from Qiyam to Ruku. (Bowing or Stooping)

Hands drop to sides; bend from waist, place palms on knees, back parallel to ground.

5. Ruku (Bowing or Stooping)

Subhaana Rabbiyal ‘Azeem (While stooping)

Holy is my Lord, the Magnificent.
(I.M. Vol. 2; Num. 890)

Three times are minimum. (A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 885)

6. Samial laahu Liman Hamida

Rise from Ruku to Quama (Stand, hands at the sides)
Allah accepts him who gives praise to Him.

Samial laahu Liman Hamida is recited. (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 701)

7. Rabbanaa Lakal Hamd (Congregation responds in Quama)

Our Lord! Thine is the praise.

Rabanaa lakal-hamd (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 689) OR

Rabanaa wa lakal-hamd (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 699)

8. Allaahu Akbar (Lower yourself to the first Sujud or prostration)

God is the Greatest.

9. First Sujood (Sajdah or prostration); (I.M. Vol. 2; Num. 890)

Lower slowly to kneeling posture, then touch forehead, nose and palms to ground.

Only seven parts touch the ground - forehead, two hands, two knees and the toes of both
feet. The elbows do not touch the ground. (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 773).

Subhaana Rabbiyal Alaa

Glory to my Lord, the Most High.

Recite three times minimum. (A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 885)

10. Allaahu Akbar - (Rise to sit in Jalsa or reverential posture)

God is the Greatest.

11. Jalsa (Sitting between the two Sujoods)

The worshipper sits in the reverential posture with the two hands on both knees.

The following prayer is said in Jalsa:

Al-laahummaghfirlee war hamnee wahdinee

wa aafinee war zuqnee war fa‘nee wajburnee.

O Allah! Grant me protection and have mercy on me and guide me and grant me security and
grant me sustenance and exalt me and set right my affairs.
(A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 849); (I.M. Vol. 2; Num. 898)

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12. Allaahu Akbar - (Lower yourself to the second Sujud)
God is the Greatest.

13. Second Sujud (Sajdah or prostration)

Prostrate - hands on knees, lower slowly to kneeling position; touch forehead, nose and
palms to ground, but not the elbows.

Subhaana Rabbiyal Alaa (Recite three times minimum)

Glory to my Lord, the Most High.

14. Allaahu Akbar - (See Note below)

God is the Greatest.

Note: This ends the first rakaah. Rise to Qiyam and repeat steps 3 - 14 for the second rakaah.
At the end of every second or last rakaah, rise to Quud and continue as in Step 15.

15. Quud or Qada (Sitting in the reverential posture)

At the end of every second rakaah and the last rakaah of each prayer, remain seated in the
reverential posture and recite At-Tashahhud.
(Mus. Vol. 1; Num. 1005); (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 794); (A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 782)

At-Tashahhud (The Salutation to Allah)

At-Tahiyyat

At Tahiyyaatu lillaahi wa Salawaatu wa tayibaatu

Assalaamu ‘alaika ayyuhannabiyyu wa Rahmatullaahi wa Barakaatuhu
Assalaamu 'alainaa wa ‘alaa 'Ibaadillaahis Saaliheen. Ash-hadu al-laa ilaaha illal laahu
wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa Rasuuluh

The right forefinger is pointed at “Ash-hadu al-laa ilaaha” (Mus. Vol. 1; Num. 1202-1204)

All reverence, worship and sanctity are due to Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet! And the
mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be on us and on the righteous servants of Allah;
and I bear witness that there is no deity (worthy of worship) but Allah; and I bear witness that
Muhammad is His chosen servant and His Messenger.

Note: If there is a third or fourth rakaah, after At-Tahiyyat, recite Takbeer and rise to Qiyam.
Proceed as in previous rakaahs but only recite Al Faatiha.

Allaahu Akbar - (See Preceding Note)

God is the Greatest.

Otherwise, if this is the final rakaah, then after reciting At-Tahiyyat, remain in Quud
(reverential posture) and continue with the rest of At-Tashahhud as described next.

11 The Islamic Prayer Book

 Salawat or Darud
16. The Salawat or Darud is recited after At-Tahiyyat in the final rakaah of the prayer.

Al-laahumma salli ‘a-laa Muhammadin wa ‘a-laa a-li Muhammadin kamaa sallaita ‘a-laa
Ibraaheema wa ‘a-laa a-li Ibraaheema innaka Hameedum Majeed.
Al-laahumma barik ‘a-laa Muhammadin wa ‘a-laa a-li Muhammadin kamaa barakta ‘a-
laa Ibraaheema wa ‘a-laa a-li Ibraaheema innaka Hameedum Majeed.
(I.M. Vol. 2; Num. 904)

O Allah! Exalt Muhammad and the followers of Muhammad as Thou didst exalt Abraham and
the followers of Abraham, for surely Thou art Praised and Magnified.
O Allah! Bless Muhammad and the followers of Muhammad, as Thou didst bless Abraham
and the followers of Abraham, for surely Thou art Praised and Magnified.

Note: Any supplication can be made after this. (Mus. Vol. 1; Num. 793-6); (A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 963)
One can recite as the Holy Prophet (PBUH) did;

17. Allaahumma innee ‘a-ouzu bika min azaabil qabri, wa ouzu bika min fitnatil maseehid
dajjali, wa ouzu bika min fitnatil mahyaa wal mamaati, allaahumma innee ‘a`ouzu bika
minal ma‘thami wal maghrami. (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 795)

O Allah, I seek refuge in Thee from the torment of the grave and I seek refuge in Thee from
the perfidy of al-Masih al-Dajjal and I seek refuge in Thee from the trial of life and the trial of
death. O Allah, I seek refuge in Thee from the sins and from the debt.

18. Allaahumma innee zalamtu nafsee zulman katheerau, wa laa yaghfiruz-zunooba illaa
anta, faghfirlee maghfiratam min indika, warhamnee, innaka antal ghafurur-raheem.
[As he taught Abu Bakr; (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 796)]

O Allah! I did a grave

wrong to myself. And
none except Thee
forgive the sins. So
grant me forgiveness
from Thyself. And take pity upon me; Thou art the Most Forgiving, the Most Merciful.

The Islamic Prayer Book 12

 Suggested Qur‘anic Duas
The worshipper can recite the following Qur‘anic Duas while seated (Quud) before the Tasleem.

Rabij-Alni
19. Rabij-Alni (Qur‘an Ch. 14: vs.40 - 41)

Rabbij-alnee muqeemas salaati wa min zurreyyate rabbanaa wataqabbal duaa,

Rabbanaaghfirlee waliwaalidaiyya wa lil mu‛mineena yawma yaquumul hisaab.

My Lord! Make me regular in prayer, and my offspring too. Our Lord accept my prayer. Our
Lord grant protection to me and my parents and to all the faithful on the day of Judgement.

Rabanaa Atinaa
20. Rabanaa Atinaa (Qur‘an Ch. 2: v201)

Rabbanaa atinaa fid-dunyaa hasana-tau wa fil aakhirati hasanatau

wa qinaa azaban-nar.

O our Creator and Sustainer! Give us goodness in this world and in the world Hereafter, and
save us from the torment of Hell-Fire.

Tasleem
21. End Salaah by reciting Tasleem. (Buk. Vol. 1; Ch. 70; Pg. 443); (I.M. Vol. 2; Num. 914)

Turn your head to the right and recite -:

Assalaamu ‘alaikum wa rahmatul laah.

May the Peace and Blessings of Allah be with you.

Then turn your head to the left and recite -:

Assalaamu ‘alaikum wa rahmatul laah

May the Peace and Blessings of Allah be with you.

This brings the prayer to a close.

The worshipper can then perform Zikr, as was the practice of the Holy Prophet PBUH.

13 The Islamic Prayer Book

 Zikr
After Tasleem the Holy Prophet (PBUH) made zikr in a loud voice.
(Mus. Vol. 1; Num. 1211)

22. Astaghfirul laah - Three times. (I.M. Vol. 2; Num. 928)

Astaghfirul laaha rabbee min kulli zam-bew

wa atubo i-layh.

I seek the protection of Allah from every fault and I

do turn to Him.

23. Allaahumma antas salaam - (I.M. Vol. 2; Num. 924)

Allaahumma antas salaam wa minkas salaam wa

ilayka yarjius salaam hayyinaa rabbanaa
bissalaam wa adkhilnaa daa rassalaam
tabaarakta rabbanaa wa ta-aa layta yaa
zaljalaali walikraam.

O Allah! Thou art the Author of peace, and from

Thee comes peace, and peace is inclined towards
Thee. O Allah! Keep us alive in peace and admit us
to the abode of peace (Heavens) blessed art Thou,
the most High, O Lord of Glory and Honor.

24. Laa ilaaha illal laahu wahdahu -

(Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 805); (Mus. Vol. 1; Num. 1235)

Laa ilaaha illal laahu wahdahu la shareeka

lahu, lahul mulku, wa lahul hamdu, wahuwa alaa
kulli shayin qadeer.

There is no god but God (Allah); He is the One and Only;

for Him there is no partner; for Him is the Sovereignty (of
the entire universe) and for Him is the Praise, He gives life and He causes death. He is Ever-
Living. Undying and in His Hands is all goodness; and He is Omnipotent over all things.

25. Tahleel: La ilaaha illal laah (There is no God but Allah).

(Mus. Vol. 1; Num. 1236)

Tasbeeh: Subhaanal laah (Glory be to Allah) - 33 times.

Tahmeed: Alhamdu lil-laah (All Praise be to Allah) - 33 times.

Takbeer: Allaahu Akbar (Allah is the Greatest) - 34 times.

(Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 804); (Mus. Vol. 1; Num. 1242)

The Islamic Prayer Book 14

 Ayat-Ul-Kursi - The Verse of the Throne
The worshipper can also recite Ayat-Ul-Kursi (Qur‘an Ch. 2:v255) in Zikr.

Bismillaahir Rahmaanir Raheem.

Allaahu laa ‘ilaaha ‘illaa huwal hayyul qayyum;laa ta‘khuzuhus sinahtowe wa laa nawm
lahu maa fis samaawaate wa maa fil ‘ard; Man za ‘allaze yashfa
indahu ‘illaa bi ‘iznihi; ya lamu maa bayna aydehim wa maa khalfahum
wa laa yuhetuuna bishay'im-min ilmihi ‘illaa bi maa shaa‘a wasia kurseyuhus
samaawaati wal ‘ard.wa laa ya‘uduhu hifzuhumaa wa huwal aleyul azeem

Saddaqal-lah hul Azeem

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.

There is none worthy of worship save Allah, Who is Everlasting and Immortal.
Neither drowsiness nor sleep can touch Him.
He is the sole Possessor and Ruler of Everything in heaven and earth.
No one dares to recommend anybody in His Court of Justice but with His permission.
Whatever is happening to the living people, and whatever will happen after their death, is
completely, known to Allah.
People cannot know anything of His knowledge but whatever He wishes them to know.
His Throne is so vast that it encompasses the heaven and earth and He is never tired to
control and protect both of them. He is Sublime and Great.

Allah, the Most High, speaks the truth.

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 Witr Prayer
The Witr prayer is performed anytime after the ‘Ishā’ but before the Fajr prayer.
(Buk. Vol. 2; Num. 110)

Witr ends prayer for the night. (Mus. Vol. 1; Num. 1638)

The Holy Prophet used to perform the Witr prayer in the latter part of the night.
(Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 183)

In the odd rakaah of the Witr prayer, (read at the end of ‘Ishā’ or Tahajjud), the Faatiha is followed
by recitation of a portion of the Qur‘an and then the Qunut is said in silence.
(I.M. Vol. 2; Num. 1178); (A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 1420)

Qunut
Allaahummah dinee feeman hadaita

wa ‘aafenee feeman ‘aafaita

wa tawallanee feeman tawallaita,

wa baarik lee feemaa a‘ataita,

waqinee sharra maa qadaita,

Innaka taqdee walaa yuqdaa ‘alaika,

Inna-huu laa yadhillu man waa laita,

tabaarakta Rabbanaa wa ta-alaita,

O Allah! Guide me among those whom You have guided; and pardon me among those who You
have pardoned; and turn on me in friendship among those on whom You have turned in
friendship; and bless me in what You have bestowed; and save me from the evil of what You
have decreed; [for] indeed You decree, and none can influence You; [and] he is not humiliated
whom You have befriended; Blessed are You, O Lord, and Exalted.

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 Another Qunut
The following is another form of the Qunut. However, we found no record of it in the Sunnah.
Allahu-mma inna nasta‘inuka wa nastaghfiruka wa numinu bika;
wa natawakkalu ‘alaika wa nuthni ‘alaikal-khaira;
wa nashkuruka wala nakfuruka wa nakhla'u wa nat ruku man-yaf 'juruka.
Allahumma iyyaka na‘budu wa laka nusalli wa nasjudu wa ilaika nas‘a wa nahfidu wa narju
rahmataka wa nakhsha ‘azabaka inna ‘azabaka bilkuffari mulhiq.

0 Allah! We beseech Thy help and seek Thy forgiveness. We strongly believe in Thee and solely
depend upon Thee; we praise Thee and are thankful to Thee and we are not ungrateful to Thee
and we also abandon and reject everyone who has been disobedient to you. 0 Allah! We worship
Thee only, and we perform prayer and do obeisance only for the sake of Thy pleasure; to Thee
we turn to in haste, we desire Thy mercy and fear Thy punishment; Verily, Your chastisement
overtakes the infidels.

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 Janaza Prayer (Funeral)
Faatiha must be read in the Janaza prayer.

(I.M. Vol. 2; Num. 1495,1496); (Buk. Vol. 2; Num. 419)

Dua recited in Janaza prayer. (I.M. Vol. 2; Num. 1498)

Allaahummagh-fir li-hayyinaa wa may-yitinaa wa shaahidinaa wa ghaaibinaa

wa sagheerinaa wa kabeerinaa wa zakarinaa wa unsaanaa;
Allaahumma man ah-yay-tahu min-naa fa-ah-yi-hee ‘alal islaam,
Wa man tawaf-faitahu min-naa fa-tawaf-fahu alal eemaan,
Allaahumma laa tahrimnaa ajrahu, wa laa taftinaa ba‘dahu.

O Allah! Grant forgiveness to our living and our dead, present and absent, and our young ones
and old ones, our males and females. O Allah! Whosoever among us you keep alive, keep them
alive in Islam and whosoever Thou cause to die, make him die in the Islamic faith. O Allah! Do
not deprive us of his reward and do not make us fall into a trial after him.

Dua to break the fast

While breaking the fast, one may read the following prayer. (A.D. Vol. 2; Num. 2351)

Al-laa-humma innee laka sumtu

wa bika aamantu wa ‘alayka tawakkaltu
wa ‘a-laa rizqika aftartu.

O Allah, I keep fast (to seek) Your (pleasure) and believe in You and trust in You and break the
fast with what You have provided.

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 Short Qur‘anic Surahs
An-Naas - Chapter 114

Bismillaahir Rahmaanir Raheem.

Qul a‘uzu birabbin-naas

Malikin-naas. Ilaahin-naas.
Min sharril waswasil khan-naas
Al-lazi yuwaswisu fee
sudu rin-naas.
Minal jinnati wan-naas

Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of

mankind,
The King of mankind,
The God of mankind,
From the evil of the sneaking Devil,
Who whispers into the hearts of mankind,
From among the Jinn and mankind.

Al-Falaq - Chapter 113

Bismillaahir Rahmaanir Raheem.

Qul a‘uzu birabbil falaq.

Min sharri maa khalaq.
Wamin sharri ghaasiqin
izaa waqab. Wamin sharri
naffaasaati fil uqad
Wamin sharri haasidin izaa hasad

Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of the Daybreak

From the evil of that which He created,
From the evil of the darkness when it is intense,
And from the evil of malignant witchcraft,
And from the evil of the envier when he envies.

Al-Ikhlaas - Chapter 112

Bismillaahir Rahmaanir Raheem.

Qul huwal laahu ahad.

Allaahus samad. Lam yalid.
Wa lam yuulad.
Wa lam yakul lahu kufuwan ahad.

Say: He Allah is One!

Allah is He on whom all depends!
He begets not. Nor is He begotten.
And there is none comparable unto Him.

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 An-Nasr - Chapter 110

Bismillaahir Rahmaanir Raheem.

Izaa jaa-a nasrul laahi waalfath.

Wa ra aytan naasa yad
khuloona fee deenil laahi
afwaajaa. Fasabbih bihamdi
rabbika wastaghfir.
Innahu kaana tawwaabaa.

When Allah's help and victory comes

And thou seest mankind entering the religion of Allah in large numbers,
Then celebrate the praises of thy Lord, and seek forgiveness of Him.
Lo! He is ever ready to show mercy.

Al-Kafirun - Chapter 109

Bismillaahir Rahmaanir Raheem.

Qul yaa ayyuhaal kaafiroon.

Laa a‘budu maa tabudoon.
Wa laa antum ‘aabidoona maa
abud. Wa laa anaa ‘aabidum
maa ‘abadtum. Wa laa antum
‘aabidoona maa abud. Lakum
deenukum waliya deen.

Say: O disbelievers!
I worship not that which you worship,
Nor do you worship that which I worship.
And I shall not worship that which you worship.
Nor will you worship that which I worship.
Unto you your religion, and unto me my religion.

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