IEC 61850 Communication System Design: Technology and Solutions

Technology and Solutions
Protection and Substation Automation
IEC 61850
Communication System
Design
© ABB University Switzerland
UTA-BTS / F1 (22)
ABB
Contents
r IEC 61850-8-1 Protocol Stack properties

r Requirements
l Performance classes
l Data Integrity classes
l Time accuracy classes
r System Architectures
Inter bay bus
PTU-BTS / CHP143-S_11_CommArch.ppt / F2 (22)
l Process bus
ABB
Stack properties
r IEC 61850-8-1 maps the application layer onto
l Electrical or optical physical layer
l Ethernet as link layer
l MMS/TCP/IP for vertical data (monitoring, supervision,
commands)
– Networking, routing (IP)
– Secure end-end transport (TCP)
l GOOSE (GSSE) for real time event data
– periodic sending (maxtime)

– immediate sending after change with repetition (mintime)
l SV (SampledValue) for analog samples
– cyclic sending when full buffer available
ABB
Performance classes – binary data, RMS values
Message P1 (ms) P2/3 (ms) Remarks
type Distribution Transmission
1A – trips, 10 3 Mintime=4 ms,

interlocking Maxtime=10 s =>
safety 99.999 %
1B – others, 100 20 Real demands

not as depend on
demanding function
as trips
• IEC 60834: trip command between protection functions need maximal 20 ms
• To reach an interlocking safety in the order of 99.999% GOOSE must be

transferred 3 times within 8 ms => 1B for P2/3 is sufficient
• P2/3 time for 1A as application-application delay under message loss is for most
implementations unrealistic; as communication delay depends on system architecture
ABB
Performance classes – raw analog data
ABB
Performance classes - measurement
Due to high throughput and accuracy requirements (beneath crowning

capability) Revenue Metering mostly has its own network.
ABB
Performance issues - experiences
r 10 MB/s with Hub is not sufficient (and does no longer exist)
l Collisions reduce the usable bandwidth to 2 MB/s
l 10 MB/s with switch might be acceptable for vertical transfer +
GOOSE for interlocking (P1)
r For sampled values >= 100 MB/s + Switch is a must.
l Accurate time synch needs HW support also in switches
l Even with this data transfer across several bays needs careful
analysis and communication system design
l Protection redundancy is best solved by completely separate
networks down to the sensor / SV source

r 100 MB/s is recommended to avoid problems with class P2/3
also for binary data (trips, interlocking, etc)
To be able to use VLAN and priority for GOOSE, here also
l
switches should be used.
l Experience: with switches (and optical cables in noisy environment)
not more than 2 consecutive GOOSE messages are lost.
ABB
Data Integrity Classes
r The integrity classes are taken from IEC 60870-5-2

r Three integrity classes, defined by residual error rate
l I1: monitoring only (H=2)
l I2: indirect influence on process, supervised by human (H=4)
l I3: direct influence on process, commands (rer<10-12 /h)
r I2 and I3 within unshielded substation environment need optical
connections
r I3 needs special measures like

l command validity check (e.g. by interlocking),
l special command encoding (not used in IEC 61850),
l select before execute principles
ABB
Time synch accuracy classes
T3, T4 and T5 typically for sample values and line protection

Bus bar protection typically uses T4(P2)
• T1 can be reached with SNTP time server (standardized)

• all other classes need HW support, no solution is currently standardized
• IEEE 1588 is a candidate for later standardization up to T5
ABB
System architectures – tree topology example
• Distances between
NCC NCC
buildings
• Network load
Gateway Station PC Printer Timeserver Gateway Station PC Timeserver
SteadyState: 0.3 Mbit/s

electrical
Burst: 81 Mbit/s Switch
24 ports
300m
SteadyState: 0.1 Mbit/s optical
Burst: 29 Mbit/s

Burst: 3 Mbit/s
Switch
16 ports
Switch
16 ports ..... Switch
16 ports
electrical
1 2 11
Control Control Control Control Control Control Control Control Control

IED IED IED 200m IED IED IED 200m IED IED IED
Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot.

IED IED
... IED IED IED
... IED IED IED
... IED
.....
110 IEDs
ABB
System architectures – ring topology example
• Distances between
buildings NCC NCC
• Network load
Gateway Station PC Printer Timeserver Gateway Station PC Timeserver
electrical
Burst: 81 Mbit/s
8 ports Switch 8 ports Switch
Steady State:1.3Mbit/s
300m Steady State:1.3Mbit/s Burst: 322 Mbit/s
Burst: 322 Mbit/s optical
Switch Switch Switch

16 ports

16 ports ..... 16 ports
Burst: 3 Mbit/s
electrical
1 2 11
Control Control Control Control Control Control Control Control Control
IED IED IED
200m IED IED IED
200m
.. IED IED IED
Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot.

IED IED
... IED IED IED
... IED IED IED
... IED
.....
110 IEDs
ABB
Architecture comparison
Criteria Tree Ring Remark
Cost Higher - Lower + Due to specific geography
Availability Lower -- Higher ++
Worst case Lower + Higher - 3 s max for worst case /

load 100MB/s; GOOSE: use
Priority,
Reports: bufTim > 9 ms
GSE Response Higher + Lower - GOOSE has to pass all

time switches in ring, adds n*100
µs (goal: below 2 ms = max
20 switches)
•Redundant tree needs two Ethernet interfaces at each IED

•Two Ethernet interfaces per IED with ring needs connection to two switches
and enhances the MTTF by 30%.
ABB
•In a switch yard with functional redundancy the communication architecture
should follow this redundancy.
Architecture recommendations
r The geographical layout together with EMI environment and

availability requirements influence the communication system
costs quite strongly (glass versus wire, lengths, ring versus star)
r Due to relatively low MTTF of Ethernet switches compared with
bay IEDs (50y instead of 100y) the ring is recommended in
general.
l Report bufTim between 10 ms and 100 ms
l GOOSE with priority and VLAN (not possible with GSSE)
r If GOOSE is used, not more than 20 switches per ring

l 100 MB/s Ethernet introduces 100 µs delay per switch
r A redundant tree of rings is possible for big systems with high
availability
r For big systems a worst case response time and throughput
analysis is recommended
ABB
Base Topology on Process bus level
Protection Control Metering
IEC 61850-9
serial unidirectional point-to-point
or bidirectional Bus-Connection
Ethernet
Controller
Proprietary
Merging Unit
Interfaces
ABB
IEC61850-Approach: Logical Nodes and Devices
Line
protection
IEC 61850-9
Logical Device
“Merging Unit”
LNPCTR
LN PCTR
LN TVTR
LNPCTR
LN PCTR
LN TCTR
ABB
System architecture with 61850-9 Links
NCC Operator Engineering
Router
IEC61850-8
LAN-Switch Station bus
Bay Relay Relay Bay Relay Relay

Controller A B Controller A B
IEC61850-9 IEC61850-9
Links Links
Conventional Modern Conventional Modern

Switchgear CT / VT's Switchgear CT / VT's
ABB
IEC61850-9: Extension to Bus system
IEC 61850-8/9 Bus
Line
protection
Logical Device
“Breaker IED”
Logical Device LNPCTR

LN PCTR
LN XCBR
“Merging Unit”
LNPCTR
PCTR
LN
LN TVTR Logical Device
“Breaker IED”
LNPCTR
LN PCTR LNPCTR
PCTR
LN TCTR LN
LN XCBR
ABB
System architecture with 61850-9 Busses
Router
IEC61850-8

IEC61850-9 IEC61850-9
Bus Bus
Modern Modern Modern Modern

ABB
Ctrl. & Prot. & Metering with IEC 61850-9
Feldschrank LAN Switch
von Merging Units in anderen Feldern
zu Feldgeräten in anderen Feldern
Steuergerät
„Typ IEC“
IEC61850-9
Schutzrelais
„Typ IEC“
U-/I-Sensor
Merging Unit Schutzrelais
„Ctrl. & Prot.“ „Typ IEC“
PISA
Merging Unit Zähler L&G

„Metering“ IEC61850-9 „Typ IEC“
ABB-Interface
ABB
System architecture with 61850-9 Bus redundancy
Router
IEC61850-8

IEC61850-9 Busses

Relay unchanged Relay with 2 interface
ABB
Redundant Ctrl. & Prot. & Metering
Feldschrank LAN Switches
von Merging Units in anderen Feldern
IEC61850-9 zu Feldgeräten in anderen Feldern
Steuergerät
„Typ IEC“
PISA
PISA
Merging Unit
„Ctrl. & Prot.“ Schutzrelais
„Typ IEC“
U-/I-Sensor
Merging Unit Schutzrelais
„Ctrl. & Prot.“ „Typ IEC“
PISA
Merging Unit Zähler L&G

„Metering“ IEC61850-9 „Typ IEC“
ABB-Interface
ABB
Flat communication architecture
Router Problems:
• Performance
• Availability
IEC61850-8

Controller A B IEC61850-9 Controller A B
Bus

Caution: Switches must manage the communication load!

ABB
Optimal communication architecture
NCC Operateur Engineering
Router
IEC61850-8

controller A B Controller A B
IEC61850-9
Bus

switchgear CT / VT's Switchgear CT / VT's
Caution: Switches must manage the communication load!
VLAN per bay necessary for SV Data
ABB

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Technology and Solutions

Protection and Substation Automation

r IEC 61850-8-1 Protocol Stack properties

– periodic sending (maxtime)

1A – trips, 10 3 Mintime=4 ms,

1B – others, 100 20 Real demands

• To reach an interlocking safety in the order of 99.999% GOOSE must be

Due to high throughput and accuracy requirements (beneath crowning

networks down to the sensor / SV source

r The integrity classes are taken from IEC 60870-5-2

r I3 needs special measures like

l select before execute principles

T3, T4 and T5 typically for sample values and line protection

Bus bar protection typically uses T4(P2)

• T1 can be reached with SNTP time server (standardized)

Gateway Station PC Printer Timeserver Gateway Station PC Timeserver

SteadyState: 0.3 Mbit/s

SteadyState: 0.01 Mbit/s

Control Control Control Control Control Control Control Control Control

Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot.

Gateway Station PC Printer Timeserver Gateway Station PC Timeserver

Switch Switch Switch

SteadyState: 0.01 Mbit/s

Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot.

Cost Higher - Lower + Due to specific geography

Availability Lower -- Higher ++

Worst case Lower + Higher - 3 s max for worst case /

GSE Response Higher + Lower - GOOSE has to pass all

•Redundant tree needs two Ethernet interfaces at each IED

r The geographical layout together with EMI environment and

r If GOOSE is used, not more than 20 switches per ring

Protection Control Metering

Bay Relay Relay Bay Relay Relay

Conventional Modern Conventional Modern

Logical Device LNPCTR

Bay Relay Relay Bay Relay Relay

Modern Modern Modern Modern

zu Feldgeräten in anderen Feldern

Merging Unit Zähler L&G

Bay Relay Relay Bay Relay Relay

Modern Modern Modern Modern

IEC61850-9 zu Feldgeräten in anderen Feldern

Merging Unit Zähler L&G

Bay Relay Relay Bay Relay Relay

Modern Modern Modern Modern

Caution: Switches must manage the communication load!

Bay Relay Relay Bay Relay Relay

Modern Modern Modern Modern

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