DISCUSSION

At the end of this experiment, we will show the result of total or Fecal Coliform and E-coli bacteria
(Escherichia coli) for the water sample that taken from drainage college Seri Pinang 2. We test the
present of fecal coliforms and E-coli in the water sample by using Quanti Tray method. Colilert is one
of the apparatus that need be mixed to the water sample as an enzyme to detect both total
coliforms and E-coli. By using the enzymes, the test will be easy, rapid and accurate. Based on the
data result we obtained, refer for the water sample 1st day the positive large wells is 48 whereas
positive small wells is 48 and based on the MPN table (diagram 1) the total coliform is
1101.2MPN/100ml while for the E-coli observation the positive large wells 46 and for small wells is
45, refer MPN table E-coli is 483.3 MPN/100ml. For the water sample 2nd day the positive large wells
is 48 whereas positive small wells is 48 and have same data with the total coliform of 1st day water
sample which is 1101.2MPN/100ml. For the E-coli in 2nd day, positive large wells is 48 while positive
small wells is 48 and by refer to the MPN table the value of E-coli is 1101.2MPN/100ml. It show that
at the 2nd day the water sample more on bacteria result since we take it at the peak time where at
that time more waste water are flow in the drainage rather than 1st day where that time the waste
water are not be polluted. Here mention the drainage for water sample be taken is near to the
Medan Selera where more waste water produced during peak water.This data can be illustrated at
the figure 1.

Diagram 1: Quanti-Tray/2000 MPN Table

By refer to the national water quality standard for Malaysia, water sample for 1st day E-coli value is
in the class 3 where extensive treatment is required while for the value total coliform is refer to the
class 2 where the water sample will recreational body contact that is not good for human. For the
water sample 2nd E-coli value is class 4 water sample produce irrigation while total coliform refer to
the class 2 same as 1st day. For the drinking water purpose by refer to the table 5,Drinking Water
Quality Standard , water sample for 1st day and 2nd day is not suitable for the drinking purpose
where the value for E-coli should 0MPN/100ml and total coliform also 0MPN/100ml. For the raw
water the recommended value for E-coli is 5000MPN/100ml same also with the total coliform which
is 5000MPN/100ml.
Table 5: Drinking Water Quality Standard

RECOMMENDED RAW WATER DRINKING WATER QUALITY

QUALITY STANDARDS
Parameter Group Maximum Acceptable Value
Acceptable Value (mg/litre (unless
(mg/litre (unless otherwise
otherwise stated))
stated))
Total Coliform 1 5000 MPN/100 ml 0 in 100 ml
E.Coli 1 5000 MPN/100 m 0 in 100 m
Fecal coliform bacteria exist in the intestines of warm blooded animals and humans, effluent from
septic system or sewage discharges, animal droppings, and naturally in soil for example from the
groundwater such as agricultural runoff and infiltration of domestic or wild animal fecal matter.
Another sources of the bacteria is by the poor maintenance and construction where particularly
shallow dug wells can also increase the risk of bacteria and other harmful organisms getting into a
well of water supply. E-coli is a species of bacteria within a fecal coliform group and why we need to
test E-coli because it is has been shown to be better predictor of the potential for impact to human
health from exposure to water effluent and surface water which contain wastewater effluent than
the fecal coliform. The presence of fecal coliform bacteria or E-coli indicates contamination of water
with the fecal waste that may contain harmful or disease causing organisms, including bacteria,
viruses or parasites such as Giarda causing of beaver fever. For the drinking water purpose if its
contaminated with these organism can cause stomach and intestinal illness including diarrhea and
nausea, and can lead to death. This bacteria need to be prevent, there a some treatment can be
apply such as bring the water to rolling boil for 1 minute, water allowed to cool, stored in clean
sanitized.
Conclusion

At the end of this experiment, we achieved the objective of this experiment where we used the
suitable method for the enumeration of bacteria by using quanti tray method. The water sample are
taken for difference days at the same location at the drainage college Seri Pinang 2. We use the
colilert during the experiment to observe the present of the E-coli and total coliform for our water
sample. As the summary of the data, 1st day of water sample E-coli is 483.3 MPN/100ml, total
coliform is 1101.2 MPN/100ml while for the 2nd of water sample E-coli is 1101.2 MPN/100ml, total
coliform is 1101.2 MPN/100ml. The higher the coliform present the higher pollution in the water
sample be. From the result we conclude that the water sample is not suitable for the drinking
purpose by referring the value with the table standard drinking water purpose. The water sample
should be treatment before being used for water supply.

REFENCES

Website(s)

National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia retrieve from

www.wepadb.net/polocies/law/malaysia/eq_surface.htm

Drinking Water Quality Surveillance Program.Retrieve from kmam.moh.gov.my

Water quality information retrieved from www.freedrinkingwater.com

How could coliform bacteria affect water quality? Retrieved from www.freedrinkingwater.com
Appendix

IDEXX Quanti Tray/2000 MPN table

National Water Quality Standard For Malaysia

Drinking Water Quality Standard

DATA & RESULT

Day 1 Sample

Date taken : 22 November 2017

Weather : Raining
Type of Water Sample : Drain Water
Location : College Sri Pinang 2

Table 1

Positive Wells Large Wells Small Wells MPN/100mL

Total Coliform 48 48 1011.2
 Escherichia Coli
46 45 483.3
(E.Coli)

Day 2 Sample

Date taken : 23 November 2017

Weather : Sunny
Type of Water Sample : Drain Water
Location : College Sri Pinang 2

Table 2

Positive Wells Large Wells Small Wells MPN/100mL

Total Coliform 48 48 1101.2
Escherichia Coli
48 48 1101.2
(E.Coli)

Comparison between result and water quality standard

MPN/100mL Day 1 Day 2 Raw Water Drinking Water

Total Coliform 1101.2 1101.2 5000 0
Escheria Coli
483.3 1101.2 5000 0
(E.Coli)

Figure 1 : Bar chart on comparison of Positive Wells in MPN/100ml in 2 different days

Number of Positive Wells in MPN/100mL

Total Coliform E.Coli

1200

1000

800
MPN/100ML

600

400

200

0
Day 1 Day 2
DAYS

Table 3: Quanti MPN Table

Table 4 : Drinking Water Quality Standard

RECOMMENDED RAW WATER QUALITY DRINKING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS

Parameter Group Acceptable Value (mg/litre (unless Maximum Acceptable Value (mg/litre
otherwise stated)) (unless otherwise stated))
Total Coliform 1 5000 MPN/100 ml 0 in 100 ml
E.Coli 1 5000 MPN/100 m 0 in 100 m