ATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF LAW

LEGAL ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

Atty. Tanya Lat
Section 2-C
Second Semester, Academic Year 2017-2018

PART 0. INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE METHODOLOGIES

A. Havrutah Learning Method

Throughout this semester, you will be working in teams of three using the Jewish
learning method known as havrutah. Havrutah comes from the Hebrew word haver
which means “friend.” In the same way that swords are sharpened through pressure
and friction, ideas and thoughts are likewise refined and sharpened through
discussion, dialogue, disagreement, and discovery with others.

Readings:

• Barbara Blumenfeld (2011), Engaging Students with Havruta Style Learn-
ing, http://lawteaching.org/conferences/2011/handouts/2b-
EngagingStudentswithHavruta.pdf

• Jaime Bulatao, S.J., The Technique of Group Discussion, 1-44.

B. Journalling

Pick out a journal that will be the repository of your thoughts and sentiments for
the duration of the course (and possibly for the rest of your stay in law school).

Part 1. THE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF LAWYERS

A. Learning Objectives

• To acquire an overview of the roles and responsibilities of lawyers.

B. Readings

• Cayetano v. Monsod, G.R. No. 10013, September 3, 1991

• Professional Responsibility: Report of the Joint Conference (1958), 44 A.B.A.

Journal 1159. Cited in Andrew I. Kaufman (1976), Problems in Professional
Responsibility, pp. 17-31. (Hard copy available in Atty. Lat’s pigeon hole)

Legal Ethics — Atty. Tanya Lat Page 1 of 24

 • Robert W. Gordon, The Role of Lawyers in Producing the Rule of Law: Some
Critical Reflections (2010), Yale Faculty Scholarship Series Paper 1397.
http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2402&context=
fss_papers

• Katherine R. Kruse, Lawyers in Character and Lawyers in Role, 10 Nevada Law

Journal 393 (Spring, 2010).

• Letter of Sen. Jose W. Diokno to his eldest son, Jose Ramon I. Diokno dated
October 23, 1972. Available at:
http://abogadoparasabayan.blogspot.com/2005_05_01_archive.html

• Justice Pompeyo Diaz (1981), Passion for Justice, 27 Ateneo Law Journal 81
(1983). http://www.mostlawfirm.net/resources/insights/passion-for-justice/

• UN Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers:

http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/RoleOfLawyers.aspx

• Manuel F. Bonifacio and Merlin M. Magallona, A Study on the Legal Profes-
sion: A Perspective (1981). (See Google Drive)

• Therese Desiree K. Perez and Rufino Ranulfo Z. San Juan IV, The Revolution-
ary Imperative of Lawyers in the Philippines, 70 Phil. L.J. 493-506. (See
Google Drive.)

• Jose W. Diokno, A Filipino Concept of Justice (1987), in Rene Sarmiento,
GROW IN GRACE AND GOVERN IN WISDOM: READINGS IN LEGAL PHILOSOPHY
(Available at the library)

• Deborah M. Hussey Freeland, Recovering the Lost Lawyer, 2014 Journal of the
Professional Law (2014), http://law.stanford.edu/wp-
content/uploads/sites/default/files/publication/684128/doc/slspublic/HusseyFree
land%20Recovering%20the%20Lost%20Lawyer.pdf

PART 2. UNDERSTANDING LEGAL ETHICS IN CONTEXT

A. Learning Objectives

• To understand the Filipino personality and psyche;

• To understand the interplay between Filipino culture and legal ethics;
• To understand how changes in the legal profession are affecting legal ethics.

B. Readings

(1) Ethics and Philippine Culture

• Patricia Licuanan (1988), A Moral Recovery Program: Building a People,

Building a Nation. http://www.crvp.org/book/series03/iii-7/chapter_iv.htm

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 • J.R. Cohen, L.W. Pant, and D.J. Sharp (1992), Cultural and Socioeconomic
Constraints on International Codes of Ethics: Lessons from Accounting, Journal
of Business Ethics, Vol. 11, No. 9 (Sep., 1992), pp. 687-700.

• Ben Kritz (2011), Cultural Dimensions: An Insight into Philippine Dysfunction.

• G. Hofstede (2001), Culture's Consequences: Comparing values, behaviors,

institutions and organizations across nations.

(2) The Practice of Law and the Changing Legal Profession

• Patrick J. Schiltz (1999), On Being a Happy, Healthy, and Ethical Member of
an Unhappy, Unhealthy, and Unethical Profession.
http://faculty.law.miami.edu/mcoombs/Schlitz.htm

• Abe Krash, The Changing Legal Profession. https://www.dcbar.org/bar-
resources/publications/washington-lawyer/articles/january-2008-law-
changes.cfm

• WTO Council for Trade in Services (1998), “Legal Services: Background Note
by the Secretariat,” S/C/W/43, 6 July 1998.
https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/serv_e/w43.doc

• WTO Council for Trade in Services (2010), "Legal Services: Background Note
by the Secretariat," S/C/W/318, 14 June 2010.
http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/migrated/cpr/gats/wto_legal_servi
ces.authcheckdam.pdf

Guide questions: How is the legal profession changing? What possible effects will
these changes have on the values and ethics of the profession?

Part 3. THE PRACTICE OF LAW AND REGULATION OF THE LEGAL PROFES-

SION

A. Learning Objectives

• To understand the common broad themes and values that permeate domestic
and international systems of legal ethics.

• To know how the State regulates the legal profession and entry into the practice
of law;

• To know the requirements for admission to the practice of law;

• To understand the importance of the good moral character requirement to the
practice of law; and

• To be able to identify kinds of behavior that fall outside the scope of good moral
character.

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B. Readings

(1) General principles

• Timothy W. Floyd (1998), The Practice of Law as a Vocation or Calling.

http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3448&context=flr

• Howard Lesnick (2008), The Practice of Teaching, The Practice of Law:
What Does It Mean to Practice Responsibly?
Available for download at:
http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/1112/

• The Lawyer’s Oath - Read, understand, and memorize the Lawyer’s Oath.
Commit it to heart.

• The Lawyer’s Oath, by Court of Appeals Associate Justice J. Jose L. Sabio, Jr.,
http://ca.judiciary.gov.ph/index.php?action=mnuactual_contents&ap=j8080

• The Code of Professional Responsibility

• Rules of Court, Rule 138, Sec. 20 (Duties of attorneys)

• IBA Principles on Conduct for the Legal Profession: Available at
http://www.ibanet.org/Article/NewDetail.aspx?ArticleUid=bc99fd2c-d253-
4bfe-a3b9-c13f196d9e60

(2) Supervision and control over the legal profession

• Supreme Court: Art. VIII, Sec. 5 (5), 1987 Constitution

• Congress: Art. XII, Sec. 14 (2), 1987 Constitution
• In re Cunanan, 94 Phil. 534 (1954).
• In the Matter of the Integration of the Bar of the Philippines, Supreme Court
Resolution dated January 9, 1973.

(3) Requirements for admission to the practice of law

(a) Legal Education

• Pre-Law: Rules of Court, Rule 138, Sec. 6
• Law Proper: Rules of Court, Rule 138, Sec. 5
• Republic Act No. 7662 (1993) - Legal Education Reform Act

(b) Citizenship
• Constitution, Art. XII, Sec. 14 (2)
• Republic Act No. 9225 (2003) - Dual Citizenship Act
• Petition to Re-Acquire the Privilege to Practice Law by Epifanio Muneses, B.M.
No. 2112, July 24, 2012, with accompanying Supreme Court Resolution En
Banc, July 24, 2012

(c) Bar Examinations

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 • ROC, Rule 138, Sec. 7-16
• Bar Matter No. 1153, March 9, 2010, Re: Letter of Atty. Estelito P. Mendoza
Proposing Reforms in the Bar Examinations Through Amendments to Rules
138, Sec. 5 & 6 of the Rules of Court
• Re: 2003 Bar Examinations, Atty. Daniel de Guzman, B.M. No. 1722, April 24,
2009

(4) Good moral character

• What is the scope of the good moral character requirement?

• Define the following, and give examples of each:

• Good moral character
• Moral turpitude
• Immoral conduct
• Grossly immoral conduct
• Dishonest conduct
• Deceitful conduct

(a) Requirement to not engage in unlawful, dishonest, immoral, deceitful conduct

- Rule 1.01, CPR
- Rule 7.03, CPR
- Rules of Court (ROC), Rule 138, Sec. 21

(b) Good moral character as a prerequisite to admission to the practice of law
• In the Matter of the Disqualification of Bar Examinee Haron S. Meling in
the 2002 Bar Examinations, 431 SCRA 146 (2004)
• In re Al C. Argosino, 246 SCRA 14 (1995
• The Promising Mr. Argosino, http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/868306/the-
promising-mr-argosino
• Avida Land Corporation vs. Atty. Al Argosino, A.C. No. 7437
• Republic Act No. 8049 (the Anti-Hazing Law)
• Consolidated cases of Villareal vs. People of the Philippines, G.R. No.
151258, People vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 154954, Dizon vs. People,
G.R. No. 155101, and Villa vs. Escalona, G.R. Nos. 178057 and 178080,
February 1, 2012.

(c) Unlawful conduct
• Piatt vs. Abordo, 58 Phil. 350 (1933)
• Stemmerik vs. Mas, 589 SCRA 114 (2009)

(d) Moral turpitude

• Embido v. Pe, A.C. No. 6732, 22 October 2013

• Garcia v. Sesbreno, A.C. No. 7973 and A.C. No. 10457, February 3, 2015
(homicide)

(e) Dishonest, deceitful conduct

• People vs. Tuanda, 181 SCRA 692 (1989)

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 • Tan vs. Sabandal, 206 SCRA 473 (1992)
• Fernandez vs. Grecia, 223 SCRA 425 (1993)
• Pimentel vs. Llorente, 339 SCRA 154 (2000)
• Freeman vs. Reyes, A.C. No. 6246, November 15, 2011
• Dizon v. de Taza, A.C. No. 7676, 10 June 2014

(e) Immoral conduct
• Ui vs. Bonifacio, 333 SCRA 38 (2000)
• Figueroa vs. Barranco, 276 SCRA 445 (1997)
• Cordova vs. Cordova, 179 SCRA 680 (1989)
• Castillo vda de Mijares vs. Villaluz, 274 SCRA 1 (1997)
• Calub vs. Suller, 323 SCRA 556 (2000)
• Cojuangco vs. Palma, A.C. No. 2474 (2004)
• Guevarra vs. Atty. Eala, A.C. No. 7136 (2007)
• Garrido vs. Garrido, 611 SCRA 508 (2010)
• Ventura vs. Samson, 686 SCRA 430 (2012)
• Ong v. de los Santos, A.C. No. 10179, 04 March 2014

(5) Unauthorized practice of law

(a) In general
- CPR Canon 9
- ROC Rule 138-A - Student practice rule
- Cruz vs. Mina, 522 SCRA 387 (2007)
- Spouses Suarez vs. Salazar, G.R. No. 139281, September 29, 1999
- Aguirre vs. Rana, B.M. No. 1036, June 10, 2003
- Office of the Court Administrator vs. Ladaga, A.M. No. P-99-1287,
January 26, 2001
- Alawi vs. Alauya, A.M. No. SDC-97-2-P, February 24, 1997
(b) Duty to not delegate work to an unqualified person
- Rule 9.01, CPR

(c) Duty to not divide legal fees
- Rule 9.02, CPR
- Halili vs. CIR, G.R. No. L-24864, April 30, 1985, 136 SCRA 113 (1985)
- Lijuaico vs. Terrado, A.C. No. 6317, August 31, 2006, 500 SCRA 301
(2006)

(d) When non-lawyers can appear
- ROC Rule 138-A
- ROC Rule 138, Sections 33-34
- Act No. 2259, Sec. 1
- Labor Code, Art. 222
- DARAB - RA 6657, as amended by RA 9700, Rule VIII, Sec. 1
- Local Government Code (RA 7160), Sec. 415
- Rules of Procedure for Small Claims Cases, A.M. No. 08-8-7-SC,
effective October 1, 2008, Sec. 17.

(e) Liability for unauthorized practice

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 - ROC Rule 71 - Contempt of court
- RA 6713, Sec. 7(b) and 11

(f) Others

- In re: Petition to sign roll of attorneys of Michael A. Medado, B.M. No.
2540, 24 September 2013
- Feliciano v. Bautista-Lozada, A.C. No. 7593, 11 March 2015 (effect of
suspension)

(6) Disqualification of public officials from engaging in the practice of law

- ROC Rule 138, Sec. 35
- Art. VII, Sec. 13, 1987 Philippine Constitution
- Art. IX (A), Sec. 2, 1987 Philippine Constitution
- Art. VI, Sec. 14, 1987 Philippine Constitution
- RA 7160, Sec. 90 (a), (b)
- RA 6713, Sec. 7 (b) (2)
- Rule XVIII, Section 12, Revised Civil Service Rules,
cf. Memorandum Circular No. 17, s. 1986
http://www.gov.ph/1986/09/04/memorandum-circular-no-17-s-
1986/
- Catu v. Rellosa, A.C. No. 5738, February 19, 2008.

Part 4. THE LAWYER’S DUTY TO SOCIETY

A. Learning Objectives

• To understand the lawyer's duty to society;

• To appreciate the potential of the lawyer to preserve the status quo as well as
to transform it;
• To reflect on the role of nationalism and love of country in the lawyer’s
performance of his/her duties.

B. Readings

1. The Rule of Law

(a) Duty to respect the law and legal processes

- Canon 1, CPR
- Rules 1.01 to 1.04, CPR
- In re Gutierrez, 5 SCRA 661 (1962)
- Zaldivar vs. Gonzales, 166 SCRA 316 (1988)
- In re Terrell, 2 Phil 266 (1903)
- Estrada vs. Sandiganbayan, 416 SCRA 465 (2003)
- Areola v. Mendoza, A.C. No. 10135, 15 January 2014
- Jimenez v. Verano, A.C. No. 8108 and A.C. No. 10299, 15 July 2014 (Al-
abang Boys, DOJ Secretary Raul Gonzalez)

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 - Tan v. Diamante, A.C. No. 7766, 05 August 2014 (fabrication of court
order)
- Guarin v. Limpin, A.C. No. 10576, January 14, 2015

(b) Duty to impress upon client the duty to comply with laws

- CPR Rule 15.07: Impress compliance with laws

- CPR Rule 1.02: Not to counsel or abet defiance of the law
- CPR Rule 19.02: Call upon client to rectify fraud

(c) Duty to uphold the Constitution and the national interest

- Kupers vs. Hontanosas, 587 SCRA 325 (2009)

- Stemmerik vs. Mas, 589 SCRA 114 (2009)
- Heneral Luna: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_T1ykhy3Fg

- Aries C. Rufo and Chay F. Hofilena, "The Inside Story: Jardeleza Ac-
cused of Disloyalty to PH",
http://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/66685-inside-story-jardeleza-
disloyalty.

- Paterno Esmaquel II, "Jardeleza heeded advice of top China defender?”,
http://www.rappler.com/nation/67007-jardeleza-talmon-itu-aba-
philippines-china

(d) Duty to uphold the integrity of the legal system: the special role of the
notary public

- 2004 Rules on Notarial Practice, Supreme Court A.M. No. 02-8-13-SC,

July 6, 2004
- Rule IV, Sections 1-6
- Rule VII, Sections 1-2
- Rule XI, Sec. 1

- Spouses Santuyo vs. Hidalgo, 448 SCRA 282 (2005)
- Sicat vs. Ariola, 456 SCRA 93 (2005)
- Mondejar vs. Rubia, 496 SCRA 1 (2006)
- Lee vs. Tambago, 544 SCRA 393 (2008)

Notarial duties — Note the various ways by which the Notarial Rules are violated.

• Crisostomo v. Nazareno, A.C. No. 6677, 10 June 2014

• De Jesus v. Sanchez-Malit, A.C. No. 6470, 08 July 2014
• Almazan v. Suerte-Felipe, A.C. No. 7184, 17 September 2014
• In re: Order of Judge Madamba, A.C. No. 10119, 11 November 2014
• Angeles v. Bagay, A.C. No. 8103, 03 December 2014 (assisting in unauthorized
practice of law)
• Re: Violation of Rules on Notarial Practice, A.M. No. 09-6-1-SC, January 21,
2015

Legal Ethics — Atty. Tanya Lat Page 8 of 24

 • Relampagos v. Lagunay, A.C. No. 10703, 09 February 2015
• Pitogo v. Suello, A.C. No. 10695, 18 March 2015
• Heirs of Alilano v. Examen, A.C. No. 10132, 24 March 2015
• Gimeno v. Zaide, A.C. No. 10303, 22 April 2015

2. Service to the needy, defenseless, and oppressed

(a) Duty not to reject oppressed or defenseless

- Canon 2, Rules 2.01-2.02, CPR
- Rep. Act No. 10389, Recognizance Act of 2012

(b) Duty not to decline representation on account of status
- Canon 14, CPR
- Rule 14.01, CPR
- Rule on Community Legal Aid Service, A.M. No. 17-03-09-SC (2017)

(c) Duty to serve as counsel de oficio
- Rule 14.02, CPR
- ROC Rule 138, Sec. 31
- ROC Rule 138, Sec. 20 (h)
- ROC Rule 116, Sec. 6-8
- ROC Rule 124, Sec. 2
- P.D. No. 543
- Ledesma v. Climaco, G.R. No. 23815, June 28, 1974
- People v. Sta. Teresa, G.R. No. 130663, March 20, 2001
- People vs. Ingco, 42 SCRA 170 (1971)

(d) Valid grounds for refusal
- Rule 14.03, CPR

(e) Same standard of conduct for paying and non-paying clients

- Rule 14.04, CPR
- A.M. No. 08-11-7-SC, September 10, 2009 effective September 27, 2009
- Rep. Act No. 6033
- Rep. Act No. 6034
- Rep. Act No. 6035
- Rep. Act No. 6036
- Rep. Act No. 9406 (2007), Sec. 16-D

3. Peaceful settlement of disputes

(a) To discourage litigation

- Rule 1.03, CPR
- Saburnido vs. Madrono, G.R. AC No. 4497, Sept. 26, 2001

(b) To settle controversies outside of court whenever possible
- Rule 1.04, CPR
- Rule 15.04, CPR
- Castaneda vs. Ago, 65 SCRA 505 (1975)

Legal Ethics — Atty. Tanya Lat Page 9 of 24

 - ADR Act of 2004, Rep. Act No. 9285, Chapters 1 & 2

4. Improvement of the legal system
- Canon 4, CPR

5. Participation in continuing legal education

- Bar Matter No. 850, amended by S.C. Resolution dated 17 February
2015,
and amendment of Rule 7, Sec. 2 (a) effective 24 June 2015
- Bar Matter No. 1922 dated June 3, 2008
- Letter of Atty. Rodrigo Cruz Lim to Justice Roberto Abad, G.R. No.
191837, July 20, 2013
- S.C. Resolution dated 14 January 2014
- Rodriguez Manahan v. Flores, A.C. No. 8974, November 13, 2013
- Rivera-Pascual v. Spouses Lim, G.R. No. 191837
- Arnado vs. Atty. Adaza, A.C. No. 9834, August 26, 2015

6. Lawyers in government service

(a) In general
- Republic Act No. 6713, Sec. 4 (1989)
- Collantes vs. Romeron, 200 SCRA 584 (1991)
- Office of the Court Administrator vs. Ladaga, 350 SCRA 326 (2001)
- Pimentel vs. Fabros, 501 SCRA 346 (2006)
- Lahn vs. Mayor, 666 SCRA 1 (2012)

(b) Duty of prosecutors
- Rule 6.01, CPR
- People vs. Pineda, 20 SCRA 748 (1967)

(c) Duty not to use public position for private interest
- Rule 6.02, CPR
- Misamin vs. San Juan, 72 SCRA 491 (1976)
- Vitriolo vs. Dasig, 400 SCRA 172 (2003)
- Huyssen v. Gutierrez, 485 SCRA 244 (2006)
- Ramos vs. Imbang, 530 SCRA 759 (2007)
- In re Avecilla, A.C. No. 6683, June 21, 2011

(d) Duty not to accept employment after government service
- Rule 6.03, CPR
- Rep. Act No. 6713, Sec. 7 (b)
- Query of Atty. Karen M. Silverio, 596 SCRA 378 (2009)
- Rep. Act No. 3019, Sec. 3 (d)
- PNB vs. Cedo, 243 SCRA 1 (1995)
- PCGG vs. Sandiganbayan, 455 SCRA 526 (2005)

Part 5. THE LAWYER’S RESPONSIBILITIES TO THE LEGAL
PROFESSION

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A. Learning Objectives
• To understand the general responsibilities of lawyers to the legal profession;
• To understand the importance of civility in the legal profession;
• To understand the proscriptions against advertising and solicitation in light of
new technology and the corporatization of legal practice.

B. Readings

(1) Duty to uphold integrity and dignity of the legal profession

(a) In general
- Canon 7, CPR
- Rule 7.03, CPR
- Guevarra v. Atty. Eala, A.C. No. 7136, August 1, 2007.
- See previous cases under Good Moral Character.

(b) No false statement in application for admission to the Bar
- Rule 7.01, CPR
- In re Diao, A.C. No. 244, March 29, 1963

(c) Duty not to support unqualified Bar applicant
- Rule 7.02, CPR

(a) Integration of the Bar
- RA 6397 - Integrated Bar of the Philippines
- ROC, Rule 139-A, Secs. 9-10

(b) IBP Elections

- In re 1989 Elections of the IBP, 178 SCRA 398 (1989)
- 2009 IBP Elections 638 SCRA 1 (2010)
- Velez vs. De Vera, 496 SCRA 345 (2006)

(c) IBP Dues
- Santos, Jr. vs. Llamas, 322 SCRA 529 (2000)
- Letter of Atty. Cecilio Arevalo, 458 SCRA 209 (2005)
- Arnado v. Atty. Homobono Adaza, A.C. No. 9834, August 26, 2015.

(2) Civility

(a) In general
- Canon 8, CPR
- Bugarin vs. Espanol, 349 SCRA 687 (2001)
- Reyes vs. Chiong, 405 SCRA 212 (2003)
- Barandon vs. Ferrer, 616 SCRA 529 (2010)
- Espina v. Chavez, A.C. No. 7250, April 20, 2015

(b) Use of proper language
- Rule 8.01, CPR
- Alcantara vs. Pefianco, 393 SCRA 247 (2002)

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 - Dallong-Galicinao vs. Castro, 474 SCRA 1 (2005)
- Noble v. Ailes, A.C. No. 10628, July 1, 2015
- Rodriguez-Manahan v. Flores, A.C. No. 8954, 13 November 2013
- Gimeno v. Zaide, A.C. No. 10303, 22 April 2015

(c) Not to encroach on professional employment
- Rule 8.02, CPR
- Camacho vs. Pangulayan, 328 SCRA 631 (2000)
- Binay-an v. Addog, A.C. No. 10449, 28 July 2014 (case involved
IPs)

(3) Solicitation and advertising


• Fred Zacharias, “Effects of Reputation on the Legal Profession”,
Washington and Lee Law Review Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 173-212 (Winter
2008).

(a) Advertising
- Canon 3, CPR
- Rule 3.01, CPR
- Khan v. Simbillo, A.C. No. 5299, August 19, 2003

(b) Firm Name
- Rule 3.02, CPR
- Dacanay v. Baker & McKenzie, A.C. No. 2131, May 10, 1985
- In re Petition of Sycip, G.R. No. X92-1, July 30, 1979
- Nebreja v. Reonel, A.C. No. 9896, March 19, 2014
- Rule 3.03, CPR
- Samonte v. Gatdula, A.M. No. P-99-1292, February 20, 1999
- 1987 Philippine Constitution, Art. VI, Sec. 14; Art. VII, Sec. 13;
Art. IX, Sec. 2

(c) Solicitation
- Rule 2.03, CPR
- ROC Rule 138, Sec. 27
- Rule 2.04, CPR
- In re Tagorda, 53 Phil 37 (1929)
- Ulep v. Legal Clinic, B.M. No. 553, June 17, 1993
- Linsangan v. Tolentino, A.C. No. 6672, September 4, 2009
- Villatuya v. Tabalingcos, A.C. No. 6622, July 10, 2012

(d) Use of Media
- Rule 3.04, CPR
- Cruz v. Salva, 105 Phil. 1151 (1959)

PART 6. THE LAWYER AND THE CLIENT

A. Learning Objectives

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 • To understand the nature of the attorney-client relationship, its attendant roles
and responsibilities, and its effects;
• To have a deeper understanding and appreciation of the role of the lawyer as
ethical adviser, and the lawyer’s potential to influence the client’s behavior,
actions, and decisions.

B. Readings

• C. Sampford and S. Blencowe, “Educating Lawyers to be Ethical Advisers,”
in Ethical Challenges to Legal Education and Conduct, Kim Economides (Ed.)
(1998), 315-340. (Available at Atty. Lat's pigeon hole)

1. The Attorney-Client Relationship

Questions:
- What is the nature of the attorney-client relationship?
- When and how is the attorney-client relationship created? Why is it important
to know this?
- What are the lawyer’s responsibilities for the duration of the attorney-client re-
lationship? After the relationship is terminated?

Read the available commentaries on the attorney-client relationship.

Cases:
• Burbe v. Magulta, A.C. No. 99-634, June 10, 2002.
• Hadjula v. Madianda, A.C. No. 6711, July 3, 2007.

2. Service to the needy, defenseless, and oppressed — Revisit discussion in

Part IV.B.2.

3. Fidelity to client's cause

a. Duty of fidelity to the client's cause

- CPR Canon 17
- Angalan vs. Delante, 578 SCRA 113 (2009)
- Quilban v. Robinol
- Cantiller vs. Potenciano, 180 SCRA 246 (1989)
- In re Maquera, 435 SCRA 417 (2004)
- Mattus v. Villaseca, A.C. No. 7922, October 1, 2013

b. Duty to give candid, honest advice on merits and prospects of case

- CPR Rule 15.05: Candid, honest advice on prospects of case

- Rule 7, Sec. 3, Rules of Court
- Lopez v. Aquino, G.R. No. L-28078, April 29, 1971
- Gillego v. Diaz, G.R. No. L-27428, May 29, 1971
- Canon 8, Canons of Professional Ethics

Legal Ethics — Atty. Tanya Lat Page 13 of 24

c. Duty to discourage litigation and settle controversies outside of court whenever
possible — Revisit discussion in Part IV.B.3

- CPR Rule 1.03: Not encourage any suit or proceeding
- Saburnido vs. Madrono, G.R. AC No. 4497, Sept. 26, 2001
- CPR Rule 1.04
- CPR Rule 15.04
- Castaneda vs. Ago, 65 SCRA 505 (1975)
- ADR Act of 2004, Rep. Act No. 9285, Chapters 1 & 2

d. Duty to serve client with competence and diligence

- CPR Canon 18
- Warriner v. Dublin, A.C. No. 5239, November 18, 2013
- Tejano v. Baterina, A.C. No. 8235, January 27, 2015
- Llunar v. Ricafort, A.C. No. 6484, June 16, 2015
- Rule 18.01
- Rule 18.02
- Rule 18.03: Not to neglect legal matters
- Legarda vs. CA, 209 SCRA 722 (1992)
- Endaya vs. Oca, 410 SCRA 344 (2003)
- Carandang vs. Obmina, A.C. No. 7813, April 21, 2009
- Agot vs. Rivera, 732 SCRA 12 (2014)

- Rule 18.04: Inform client of status of case
- Wack-Wack Golf and Country Club vs. CA, 106 Phil. 501 (1959)
- Blanza vs. Arcangel, 21 SCRA 1 (1967)
- Abay vs. Montesino, 417 SCRA 77 (2003)

- Effects of the negligence of counsel
- Lagua v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 173390, June 27, 2012

e. Duty to represent client with zeal within the bounds of the law

- CPR Canon 19
- CPR Rule 19.01
- CPR Rule 19.02
- CPR Rule 19.03
- Rule 138, Sec. 20 (d)
- Millare vs. Montero, 246 SCRA 1

f. Duty to impress upon client the duty to comply with laws

- CPR Rule 15.07: Compliance with laws and principles of fairness

- CPR Rule 1.02: Not to counsel or abet defiance of the law
- CPR Rule 19.02: Call upon client to rectify fraud
- CPR Rule 19.03: Not allow client to dictate procedure in handling case
- Rule 138, Sec. 23: Authority of attorneys to bind clients
- Rule 138, Sec. 26: Procedure for change of attorney

g. Duty to refrain from impropriety that influences the court

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 - CPR Canon 13
- CPR Rule 13.01: Not cultivate familiarity with judges
- In re De Vera, 385 SCRA 285 (2002)
- Nestle Phil., Inc. vs. Sanchez, 154 SCRA 542 (1987)
- Lantoria vs. Bunyi, 209 SCRA 528
- CPR Rule 15.06: Not to claim influence
- Mercado vs. Security Bank, 482 SCRA 501 (2006)

h. Duty to exercise good faith in business transactions with clients

- CPR Rule 15.08: Dual profession

- Nakpil vs. Valdez, 286 SCRA 758 (1998)

4. Conflict of interest

Questions:
- What is conflict of interest? Why are there proscriptions against it?
- What are the kinds of conflict of interest?
- What are the tests for determining conflict of interest?
- How can conflicts of interest be avoided? Mitigated?
- What are the defenses against a charge of conflict of interest?

Background readings:

- Don A. Moore and George Loewenstein, "Self-interest, Automaticity, and the

Psychology of Conflict of Interest," Social Justice Research, Vol. 17, No. 2, June
2004
http://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/sds/docs/loewenstein/SelfIntAutoPsychCOI.pdf

- James McMullan, How to Avoid Conflicts (2010)

http://www.americanbar.org/newsletter/publications/gp_solo_magazine_home/gp_sol
o_magazine_index/solo_lawyer_conflicts_ethics_client.html

- ABA-ROLI, Code of Professional Responsibility (Annotated), pp. 112-115.

Codal provisions:

- CPR Canon 15
- CPR Rule 14.03 (b)
- CPR Rule 15.01
- CPR Rule 15.03
- CPR Rule 21.07
- CPR Rule 6.03
- Canons 6, Canons of Professional Ethics (CPE)

Cases:

- Hilado vs. David, 84 Phil. 569 (1949)

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 - Dee vs. CA, 176 SCRA 651 (1989)
- Perez vs. De La Torre, 485 SCRA 547 (2006)
- Samson vs. Era, A.C. No. 6664, July 16, 2013
- Hornilla vs. Salunat, 405 SCRA 220 (2003)
- Gonzales vs. Cabucana, 479 SCRA 320 (2006)
- Solatan vs. Inocentes, 466 SCRA 1 (2005)
- Daging vs. Davis, A.C. No. 9395, November 12, 2014
- Quiambao vs. Bamba, 468 SCRA 1 (2005)
- Alisbo vs. Jalandoon, 199 SCRA 321 (1991)
- Heirs of Falame vs. Baguio, 548 SCRA 1 (2008)
- Aninon vs. Sabitsana, Jr., A.R. No. 5098, April 11, 2012
- Orola vs. Ramos, A.C. No. 9860, September 11, 2013
- Mabini Colleges vs. Pajarillo, A.C. No. 10687, July 22, 2015
- PCGG vs. Sandiganbayan, 455 SCRA 546 (2005)

5. Privileged communication: confidences and secrets

Questions:
- What is the attorney-client privilege? What is its rationale?
- What is the extent of its scope? Limitations?

Background reading:
- Louis Auchincloss, “The Tender Offer,” pp. 3-12, Legal Fictions: Short Stories
about Lawyers and the Law (available at Atty. Lat’s pigeon hole)

Codal provisions:
- Canon 21: Preserve client’s confidences and secrets
- CPR Rule 21.01
- CPR Rule 21.02
- CPR Rule 21.03
- CPR Rule 21.04
- CPR Rule 21.05
- CPR Rule 21.06
- CPR Rule 21.07, cf. CPR Rule 15.01, Rule 14.03
- CPR Rule 15.02
- ROC Rule 138, Sec. 20 (e)
- ROC Rule 130, Sec. 21 (b)
- Art. 208, Revised Penal Code
- CPE, Canon 37

Cases:
- Genato vs. Silapan, 406 SCRA 75 (2003)
- Regala vs. Sandiganbayan, 262 SCRA 122 (1996)
- People vs. Sandiganbayan, 275 SCRA 505 (1997)
- Castillo vs. Sandiganbayan, 377 SCRA 509 (2002)
- Dalisay vs. Mauricio, 479 SCRA 307 (2006)
- Lee vs. Simando, A.C. No. 9537, June 10, 2013

6. Duty to hold client’s moneys and properties in trust

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 - Louis Auchincloss, “The Colonel’s Foundation,” pp. 162-176, in Legal
Fictions (available at Atty. Lat’s pigeon hole)

CANON 16: Hold client’s moneys and properties in trust

- Art. 1491, Civil Code
- Zalamea v. De Guzman, A.C. No. 7387, November 3, 2016

- CPR Rule 16.01: To account
- Berbano vs. Barcelona, 410 SCRA 258 (2003)
- Licuanan vs. Melo, 170 SCRA 100 (1989)

- CPR Rule 16.02: To keep client’s fund separate
- Hernandez vs. Go, 450 SCRA 1 (2005)

- CPR Rule 16.03: Delivery of funds, lawyer’s lien
- Businos vs. Ricafort, 283 SCRA 40 (1997)
- Quilban vs. Robinol, 171 SCRA 768 (1989)
- Rayos vs. Hernandez, G.R. No. 169079, February 12, 2007

- CPR Rule 16.04: No borrowing, lending
- Barnachea vs. Quicho, 399 SCRA 1 (2003)
- Navarro vs. Solidum, A.C. No. 9872, January 28, 2014

7. Attorney’s Fees

- CANON 20: To charge only fair and reasonable fees

- Rep. Act No. 5185, Sec. 6

- ROC Rule 138, Sec. 24, 32
- Quirante vs. IAC, 169 SCRA 769 (1989)
- Tanhueco vs. de Dumo, 172 SCRA 760 (1989)
- Albano vs. Coloma, 21 SCRA 411 (1967)
- Metropolitan Bank vs. CA, 181 SCRA 367 (1990)

- CPR Rule 20.01: Fee guide
- Roxas vs. de Zuzuarregui, 481 SCRA 250 (2006)
- Masmud vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 183385, February 13, 2009

- CPR Rule 20.02: Client’s consent of fees for referral
- Urban Bank vs. Pena, 364 SCRA 597 (2001)

- CPR Rule 20.03: Client’s consent of acceptance of fee
- ROC Rule 138, Sec. 20 (e)

- CPR Rule 20.04: Avoid compensation controversy with client
- ROC Rule 138, Sec. 24, 32
- Corpus vs. CA, 98 SCRA 424 (1980)

Legal Ethics — Atty. Tanya Lat Page 17 of 24


- Malvar v. Kraft Foods, G.R. No. 183952, September 9, 2013
- Balingit v. Cervantes & Delarmente, A.C. No. 11059, November 9, 2016

8. Withdrawal of Services

- Canon 22
- CPR Rule 22.01
- Domingo vs. Aquino, 38 SCRA 472 (1971)
- Montano vs. IBP, 358 SCRA 1 (2001)

- CPR Rule 22.02
- Obando vs. Figueras, 322 SCRA 148
- Caoile vs. Macaraeg, A.C. No. 720, June 17, 2015

PART 7. THE LAWYER AND THE COURTS:

Understanding the lawyer’s roles and responsibilities within the context of the
judicial system

Section I. References and Readings

A. Primary references:

Lawyers:
• Code of Professional Responsibility
• Rule 71, Rules of Court

Judges:
• New Code of Judicial Conduct for the Philippine Judiciary, A.M. No. 03-05-01-
SC, April 27, 2004
• New Code of Judicial Conduct for the Philippine Judiciary Annotated (2007),
https://apps.americanbar.org/rol/publications/philippines-judicial-code-02-
2007.pdf. (Hard copy can be borrowed from Atty. Lat)

Court Personnel:
• Code of Conduct for Court Personnel, A.M. No. 03-06-13-SC, June 2004
http://philja.judiciary.gov.ph/assets/files/pdf/learning_materials/e-
alerts_jun04.pdf
• Annotation of the Code of Conduct for Court Personnel (Hard copy can be
borrowed from Atty. Lat)

B. Readings:

• Florentino P. Feliciano, Random Reflections on the Bar, Corruption, and the

Practice of Law
http://plj.upd.edu.ph/random-reflections-on-the-bar-corruption-and-the-
practice-of-law/
• Jose W. Diokno, Diokno on Trial: Techniques and Ideals of the Filipino Lawyer
(selected excerpts) (Can be borrowed from Atty. Lat)
• Anecdotes about Abraham Lincoln (E-copy)

Legal Ethics — Atty. Tanya Lat Page 18 of 24

Section II. Overview

A. Judicial independence and the rule of law

Philippine Constitution
Article VIII, Sec. 2-3, 10
Article VIII, Sec. 7 (3)
Article VIII, Sec. 14

Canon 1, New Code of Judicial Conduct (NCJC)

B. Understanding the judicial system

(1) How does the judicial system work? What are the powers and duties of courts?
• Rule 135, Sec. 5 - Inherent powers of courts

(2) Who are the people involved in the judicial system? What are their powers and
duties?
• Rule 135, Rules of Court
• Rule 136, Rules of Court

(3) What are the roles of the following:

• Judge
• Judge’s Staff:
• Clerk of Court
• Court attorneys
• Stenographer
• Clerk
• Sheriff
• Other court personnel
• Lawyers of parties

Section III. Judicial Ethics

A. Duties and responsibilities of judges

Overview:
- OCA v. Judge Eliza Yu, A.M. No. MTJ-12-1813, Nov. 22, 2016

(1) Canon 1: Independence
- Canon 1, NCJC, Sections 1-8
- Libarios vs. Dabalos, 199 SCRA 48 (1991)
- Tan vs. Rosete, 437 SCRA 581 (2004)
- Ramirez vs. Corpus-Macandog, 144 SCRA 462 (1986)

(2) Canon 2: Integrity
- Canon 2, NCJC, Sections 1-3

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 - In re Complaint of Mrs. Rotilla Marcos Against Judge F. Marcos, 360 SCRA
539 (2001)
- Dela Cruz vs. Bersamira, 336 SCRA 353 (2000)
- Re Letter of Pres. Justice Conrado M. Vasquez, Jr. on CA-GR SP No. 103692,
Sept. 29, 2008
- In re Undated Letter of Mr. Luis C. Biraogo, February 24, 2009
- Allegations made under oath at the Senate Blue Ribbon Committee Hearing held
on 26 September 2013 against Associate Justice Gregory Ong, September 23, 2014,
A.M. No. 09-2-89-SC

(3) Canon 3: Impartiality
- Canon 3, NCJC, Sections 1-6
- Disqualification of judges:
- Canon 3, Section 5, NCJC
- Rule 137, Rules of Court
- Definition of “judge’s family” - Definitions section of NCJC
- People vs. Veneracion, 249 SCRA 244 (1995)
- Jorda vs. Judge Bitas, A.M. RTJ-14-2376, March 5, 2014, 718 SCRA 1 (2014)

(4) Canon 4: Propriety
- Canon 4, NCJC, Sections 1-15
- Marcos, Sr. vs. Arcangel, 258 SCRA 517 (1996)

(5) Canon 5: Equality
- Canon 5, NCJC, Sections 1-5
- Tan vs. Pacuribot, 540 SCRA 246 (2009)
- Guanzon vs. Rufon, 537 SCRA 38 (2009)

(6) Canon 6: Competence and diligence
- Canon 6, NCJC, Sections 1-7
- Castro vs. Malazo, 99 SCRA 165 (1980)
- Office of the Court Administrator vs. Judge Floro, 486 SCRA 66 (2006)

Revised Penal Code, Art. 204-207

Section IV. Legal Ethics

A. The lawyer as administrator of justice
- Philippine Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 16
- CPR, Canon 12
- ROC Rule 138, Sec. 20 (g)
- PD 1829 penalizing obstruction of justice

B. Duties and responsibilities of lawyers

(1) Respect for courts and judicial officers

- Canon 11 - Respect courts and judicial officers
• In re Sotto, 82 Phil 595 (1949)
• Guerrero vs. Villamor, 179 SCRA 355 (1989)

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 • Bueno vs. Raneses, A.C. No. 8383, December 11, 2012, 687 SCRA 711
(2012)
• Interview with Atty. Lorna Kapunan on Corruption in the Judiciary, A.M. No.
13-11-09-SC, Resolution, dated 12 August 2014
• Areola vs. Mendoza, A.C. No. 10135, January 15, 2014

(2) Attitude towards the court

- Canon 10 - Observe candor, fairness, and good faith
- Ting Dumali vs. Torres, 427 SCRA 108 (2004)
- Masinsin vs. Albano, 232 SCRA 631 (1994)

- CPR Rule 10.01 - Truthfulness towards the court
- Canon 32, CPE
- Young vs. Batuegas, 403 SCRA 123 (2003)

- CPR Rule 10.02 - Not to misquote or misrepresent contents of paper
- Insular Life Employees Co. vs. Insular Life Association, 37 SCRA 244
(1971)
- Hipos, Sr. vs. Bay, 581 SCRA 674 (2009)

Plagiarism cases
- Re: Letter of the UP Law Faculty, 633 SCRA 428 (2010), March 8, 2011
- Re: Letter of the UP Law Faculty, 644 SCRA 543 (2011), June 7, 2011
- In the Matter of Charges of Plagiarism against Associate Justice Mariano
C. Del Castillo, 642 SCRA 11 (2011)
- Cf. Vinuya vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 162230, April 28, 2010
- In re Lozanos, A.M. No. 10-1-13-SC and 109-9-SC, June 15, 2012

- CPR Rule 10.03 - Observe rules of procedure
- ROC Rule 138, Sec. 20 (d)

(3) Attitude towards judges

- CPR Rule 11.04 - Not to attribute motives to judge
- Embido vs. Pe, Jr., A.C. No. 6832, October 22, 2013, 708 SCRA 1 (2013)
- Madrid vs. Dealca, A.C. No. 7474, September 9, 2014

- CPR Rule 11.05 - Grievances against judge
- Phil. Constitution, Art. VII, Sec. 6
- Maceda vs. Vasquez, 221 SCRA 464 (1993)

- Canon 13 - Refrain from act giving appearance of influence
- Nestle Phils. vs. Sanchez, 154 SCRA 542 (1987)
- In re De Vera, 385 SCRA 285 (2003)
- Perez vs. Estrada, 360 SCRA 248 (2001)

- CPR Rule 13.01 - No extraordinary attention

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- CPR Rule 13.02 - No public statements to media
- Cruz vs. Salva, 105 Phil. 115 (1959)
- Foodsphere, Inc. vs. Mauricio, 593 SCRA 367 (2009)

- CPR Rule 13.03 - Not to invite outside interference
- Maglasang vs. People, 190 SCRA 306 (1990)

- CPR Rule 12.02 and Rule 18.02 - Adequate preparation

- CPR Rule 12.02 - Forum shopping

- CPR Rule 12.03 - Not to delay cause

- CPR Rule 12.04 - Court process
- Malonzo vs. Principe, 447 SCRA 1 (2004)
- Saa vs. IBP-CBD, 598 SCRA 6 (2009)
- Plus Builders, Inc. vs. Revilla, Jr., 578 SCRA 432 (2009)

- CPR Rule 12.05 to Rule 12.07 - Proper behavior

- CPR Rule 12.08 - Not to testify on behalf of client
- PNB vs. Uy Teng Piao, 57 Phil. 337 (1932)

(4) Professionalism

CPR Rule 11.01 - Proper attire

CPR Rule 11.02 - Punctuality

CPR Rule 11.03 - Proper language and behavior
- In re Almacen, 31 SCRA 562 (1970)
- Soriano and Padilla vs. CA, 363 SCRA 725 (2001)
- Lacurom vs. Jacoba, 484 SCRA 206 (2006)
- Baculi vs. Battung, A.C. No. 8920, September 28, 2011

C. Duties and responsibilities of court personnel

Reference: Code of Conduct for Court Personnel (CCCP)

Fidelity to duty
- Canon I, Sections 1-5, CCCP

Confidentiality
- Canon II, Sections 1-4, CCCP

Conflict of interest
- Canon III, Sections 1-5, CCCP

Performance of duties

Legal Ethics — Atty. Tanya Lat Page 22 of 24

 - Canon IV, Sections 1-7, CCCP

PART 8. DISCIPLINARY ACTION AND PENALTIES

1. Discipline of lawyers

- Rule 138, Sec. 27 as amended by Supreme Court Resolution dated February 13,
1992

AMENDED SEC. 27, RULE 138

“SEC. 27. Disbarment or suspension of attorneys by Supreme Court; grounds

therefore. — A member of the bar may be disbarred or suspended from his office as
attorney by the Supreme Court for any deceit, malpractice, or other gross
misconduct in such office, grossly immoral conduct or by reason of his conviction of
a crime involving moral turpitude, or for any violation of the oath which he is required
to take before admission to practice, or for a wilful disobedience of any lawful order
of a superior court, or for corruptly or willfully appearing as an attorney for a party to
a case without authority so to do. The practice of soliciting cases at law for the
purpose of gain, either personally or through paid agents or brokers, constitutes
malpractice.”

THE DISBARMENT OR SUSPENSION OF A MEMBER OF THE PHILIPPINE BAR

BY A COMPETENT COURT OR OTHER DISCIPLINATORY AGENCY IN A
FOREIGN JURISDICTION WHERE HE HAS ALSO BEEN ADMITTED AS AN
ATTORNEY IS A GROUND FOR HIS DISBARMENT OR SUSPENSION IF THE
BASIS OF SUCH ACTION INCLUDES ANY OF THE ACTS HEREINABOVE
ENUMERATED.

THE JUDGMENT, RESOLUTION OR ORDER OF THE FOREIGN COURT OR

DISCIPLINARY AGENCY SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE GROUND
FOR DISBARMENT OR SUSPENSION. (AS AMENDED)

- Rule 139-B
- Supreme Court Bar Matter No. 1755, September 25, 2007
- Yuhico vs. Gutierrez, A.C. No. 8391, November 23, 2010
- Maniago vs. De Dios, A.C. No. 7472, March 10, 2010
- ROC Rule 71 - Direct and indirect contempt

2. Discipline of judges

- A.M. No. 02-9-02-SC - Re: Automatic Conversion of Some Administrative Cases
Against Justices of the Court of Appeals and the Sandiganbayan; Judges of Regu-
lar and Special Courts; and Court Officials Who are Lawyers as Disciplinary Pro-
ceedings Against Them Both as Such Officials and as Members of the Philippine
Bar

- Samson vs. Caballera, A.M. No. RTJ-08-2138, August 5, 2009, 595 SCRA 423
(2009)

PART 9. MORAL REASONING AND ETHICAL SENSITIVITY

Key questions:

Legal Ethics — Atty. Tanya Lat Page 23 of 24

 - What is ethical numbness? What causes it? How can it be addressed?
- What framework can be used to arrive at ethical decisions?

Readings:

• Leny E. De Groot-Van Leeuwen, Lawyers’ Moral Reasoning and Professional

Conduct, in Practice and in Education, in Ethical Challenges to Legal Education
and Conduct (1998), pp. 237-251. Hard copy available at Atty. Lat’s pigeon hole.

• Roderick O’Brien, Ethical Numbness: Some Glimpses of Lawyers Across Asia and
the South Pacific, Journal of International Business Ethics, Vol. 5 No. 1 (2012), pp.
40-48.
http://www.cibe.org.cn/uploadfile/otherfile/2012v5.pdf

• Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, A Framework for Thinking Ethically.

https://donsdocs.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/markkula-framework-for-ethical-
decision-making.pdf

PART 10. LIVING AN ETHICAL LIFE

• James Martin, S.J., The Jesuit Guide to (Almost) Everything, “Chapter 8. The
Simple Life: The Surprising Freedom of Downward Mobility,” pp. 174-212.

• Greg McKeown, Essentialism: The Pursuit of Less, “Chapter 11. DARE: The
Power of a Graceful ‘No’”, pp. 131-171.

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