Corn Technoguide

CORN TECHNOGUIDE
A. Introduction
Corn ranks second to rice, not only in terms of area devoted to its production but it has been a
staple food of about 20% of the total population of the Filipinos. Aside from this, the green corn,
boiled or roasted, is a popular snack food and may also be cooked a vegetable or soup. Other
by-‐products of corn include corn flour and syrup, sugar and oil. In terms of nutritive value, corn
is richer source of vitamin A than polished rice. It contains high amounts of minerals such as
calcium and phosphorous. Moreover, it is also a source of starch derivatives for oil, fibers and
other industrial uses.
Corn has also been used as an important ingredient in animal feeds. Corn may be planted
anytime of the year provided there is adequate soil moisture. However, it is best to plant from
May to June during the wet season and from October to November during the dry season.
Description
1. Scientific Name: Zea mays L. ssp. Mays
2. Common Name: Maize
3. Description:
Coarse, erect, tall grass, 1-‐2 meters high. Leaves are numerous, 30-‐100 cm long and 2-‐10 cm
wide, linear lanceolate. The individual fruit is roundish or reniform, compressed, shiny.
4. Properties
Anodyne, cooling, diuretic, alterative, demulcent, lithotryptic, emollient, stimulant.
5. Constituents
Protein; fats; carbohydrates.
“Corn silk: – maizenic acid, 2%; fixed oil; resin; sugar; mucilage and salts.
6. Distribution
Grown extensively in the Philippines, in some places replacing rice as the diet staple.
7. Nutritional Uses:
Good source of carbohydrates, B vitamins (riboflavin and thiamine), vitamin A and C,
potassium and zinc. The embryo is rich in oil and used widely for cooking, manufacture of
soaps. Corn syrup is used in the manufacture of jams, jellies and other sweets. Corn starch is
well known for its many uses.
8. Medicinal Uses:
• Diuretic: Take decoction of hairs or cobs as tea.
• Decoction of pith of cob as tea is used for stomach complaints.
• Decoction of roots, leaves, and corn silk used for dysuria, bladder complaints, and
bedwetting
• The water in which unhusked corn is boiled is a pleasant tasting remedy for urinary tract
infection. The corn silk decoction is also thought to be diuretic.
• Poultice used for ulcers, rheumatic pains and swellings.
• Decoction of parched corn (buned or roasted) taken as tea for nausea and vomiting.
• Kidney stones: Infusion of corn hair in hot water, 3x daily
9. Types of corn produced in the Philippines
A. White – consumed as food
B. Yellow – used as the principal ingredient of animal feeds
10. Difference of white and yellow corn
A. White – glutinous texture makes it more acceptable for human use
B. Yellow corn – carotene content which makes it of greater nutritional value as feed
11. Corn Varieties recommended by the National Seed Industry Council (NSIC). 2002-‐2005.

1. IPB 911
a. Feeds and industrial uses
b. Yellow, hybrid (first single cross)
c. Yields 7.18 tons/ha (dried)
d. Harvested 97-‐99 days
2. IPB 929
b. Yellow, hybrid (3 way cross)
c. Yields 7 tons/ha (dried)
d. Harvested 106 days
3. IPB 913
b. Yellow, hybrid (3 way cross)
d. Harvested 104 days
4. IPB 9204
a. Milled and cooked as food
b. White, hybrid 3 way cross)
d. Harvested 110 DAP
5. IPB Var 1
b. Yellow, open pollinated variety
6. IPB Var 7
7. IPB Var 4
a. Milled and cooked as food
b. White, open pollinated variety
d. Harvested 90-‐94 DAP
8. DLU Pearl Sweet
a. Boiled sweet
d. Harvested 72 DAP
9. Lagkitan
a. Boiled, glutinous

10. Makapuno
a. Boiled, glutinous
11. Supersweet
a. Boiled, sweet
12. Nutrisweet
a. Boiled, sweet

Estimated Cost and Return -‐ one cropping for one hectare) (Agribusiness and Marketing Assistance Division.
DA-‐8 Investment Guide Series. DA-‐RFU 8 Tacloban City

Assumptions:
• Planting materials (seeds) used for one (1) hectare production is 20 kg.
• OPV seeds are priced at P35.00 per kilo.
• Hybrid seeds are priced at P2, 700 per bag of 20 kg.
• Insecticide used is at P1, 281.64 per liter.
• Selling Price of grains is at P9.80/kg.
• BIO-‐N is priced at P60.00/ pack
• Labor rate per day is as follows:
a. MD -‐ P100.00
b. MAD -‐ 250.00
c. MMD -‐ 250.00
• Fertilizer rate are as follows:
a. 16-‐0-‐0 -‐ 940/bag
b. 14-‐14-‐14 830/bag
• Lot Price for Tractor/ Planter/ Shellers/ Mechanical Drier Services
1. Plowing (1 pass) -‐ 1,600.00/ha
2. Harrowing (1 pass) -‐ 1,400.00/ha
3. Off-‐barring (1 pass) -‐ 250/MAD
4. Hilling up (1 pass) -‐ 250/MAD
5. Planter -‐ 800.00/ha
6. Sheller -‐ 20.00/bag of 50 kg
7. Mechanical Drier -‐ 25.00/bag of 50 kg
• Selling price of grains is at P9.80/kg.
• Hauling cost per trip is P300.00
• Insurance premium is 7.42% for all cost incurred in production.
• OPV yield is 3.5 tons/ha and hybrid is expected to be at 6 tons per hectare.
• An empty sack is priced at P7.00 per piece.
• Straw used to seal the sacks is P70.00 per kilo.
One-‐hectare Hybrid Corn Production (semi-‐mechanized, one cropping)

Estimated Revenue
6 tons x 1000kg/ton @ P9.80 P58, 800.00
Less: Costs
Seeds 2,700.00
BIO-‐N 5 packs@ P60/pack 300.00
Fertilizer
Ammophos 2 bags @ P1, 500/bag 3,000.00
Urea 1/2 bag @ P937.58/bag 468.79
Commercial organic fertilizer @ P280/bag 1,400.00
Insecticide (1/2 ltr) @ P640.82 640.82
8,509.61
Labor/Tractor Services
Land Preparation
Plowing 1 pass@ P1, 600/ha 1,600.00
Harrowing 1 pass/ha 1,400.00
Furrowing (3 MAD) @ P250.00 750.00
Planting 10 MD@P100/day 1,000.00
4,750.00
Cultural Mgt. Practices
Side Dressing # MD 300.00
Off-‐barring (3x @ P250/d) 750.00
Hilling-‐up ((3x @ P250/d) 750.00
Thinning/Replanting (2 MD) 200.00
Detasseling (3MD) 300.00
Spraying (2MD) 200.00
Harvesting 10 MD@ P100/day 1,000.00
3,500.00
Post Production
Hauling (P300/trip) 1,500.00
Shelling (120 x @20/bag) 2,400.00
Drying (120 x @ 25/bag) 3,000.00
Sacks & Straw 910.00
7,810.00
Sub-‐Total 24,569.61

Marketing Cost 5,000.00
Total Cost 29,569.61
Net Returns 29,230.39
Breakeven Price/kg Produced 4.93
ROI 98.85%

B. Production Techno guide

For higher yield, effective technologies in proper corn production should be considered. Different steps
described in this guide can help farmers produce a bountiful harvest.

Crop Establishment

Before planting
1. Prepare the right kind of seeds.
a. Decide whether to plant a hybrid or an open
pollinated variety (OPV)
b. Select a high-‐yielding variety with resistance to
insect pests and diseases
c. Use good quality seeds from a reliable company or
government agency

2. Prepare the land thoroughly
o Plow the area one month before planting
o Harrow the soil to break big clods and to control
re-‐emerging weeds two weeks before planting
(when using a harrow, usually two passes) harrow a
week after plowing to break the clods.
o Plow the soil again one week before planting
o Rotavate to further pulverize the soil two days
before planting
Note: A well-‐prepared land: a) provides a good
seedbed for seed germination and development; b)
minimizes weed problem; c) results in better water
retention of the soil.

Planting
3. Furrow the soil at 75cm. apart and eight cm. deep.
4. Apply fertilizer in the furrows just before planting
Note: the amount of fertilizer needed depends on the amount of nutrients in the soil. To know the level
of fertility, consult the nearest offices of the Bureau of soils and Water Management or use the Rapid Soil
Test Kit with the help of the technicians of the Department of Agriculture
• If the soil has been analyzed:
Apply 50 percent nitrogen and all of phosphate and potassium (apply the remaining 50
percent of nitrogen as sidedressing one month after planting (N-‐50%; P-‐100%; K-‐100%)
• If the soil has not been analyzed:
Hybrid: 6-‐8 bags of 14-‐14-‐14 fertilizer per hectare
OPV: 4-‐6 bags of 14-‐14-‐14 fertilizer per hectare
Note: You may also use organic fertilizer such as compost or animal manure while preparing the land
to fully mix it with the soil. This will lessen inorganic fertilizer application. Or you may also use Bio-‐N.
What is Bio-‐N?
o An organic fertilizer for corn, rice, sugarcane and vegetables. It has no harmful effect to the
environment
o Contains two kinds of bacteria from cogon roots. These bacteria recycle the nitrogen gas so it can
be used by the plants.
o Reduces use of inorganic fertilizer by 50-‐70%
o Aside from recycling nitrogen gas, the bacteria in Bio-‐N increases the root biomass that help
absorb the elements from the soil needed by the plants to grow
o Corn with Bio-‐N has a natural protection against insect pests and diseases
o Grains with Bio-‐N are heavier than those with inorganic fertilizer
o It’s shelf life is good for three months only, so take note of the expiry date found on the pocket.
o
o How do we apply Bio-‐N on corn?
o Moisten the seeds with water to allow Bio-‐N to stick with the seeds and mix the Bio-‐N
thoroughly. Plant the inoculated seeds immediately. Five packs of Bio-‐N (200g/pack) are needed
for one hectare.

5. Cover the fertilizer with a thin layer of soil to avoid direct contact with the seeds.

6. Plant the seeds
Hybrid: 1 seeds per hill spaced at 20cm apart
OPV: 1-‐2 seeds per hill spaced at 25cm apart
Babycorn: the distance of planting is closer (15-‐18cm). Use ordinary yellow corn seeds

Note: You may also use a corn planter (see below) or a mechanical planter

BPRE Corn Planter
• It is a technology that aims to localize imported corn
machinery (Administrator, BPRE 2007).
• BPRE developed a corn planter that can be mounted on the
rear of any two-‐wheel tractor.
• It has a planting assembly, fertilizer applicator assembly and
furrower.
• It uses pneumatic metering system that can plant any size of
corn seeds.
• Its optimum forward speed to have a high hill planting efficiency ranges from 3.3 to 3.8 km
per hour.

7. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and press it to obtain good seed and soil contact
Note: To minimize insect pest infestation, plant your corn simultaneously with the neighboring
cornfields.
Irrigating the corn plants
8. Irrigate the newly planted field evenly during the season or when rainwater is not enough to
attain uniform seed germination. Irrigate the field five days to two weeks until 21 days before
harvest. During the rainy season, irrigate only when needed.
Fertilization
9. Apply the fertilizer 25-30 days after planting (sidedressing)

If the soil has been analyzed: apply the remaining 50% of nitrogen – 50%N
If the soil has not been analyzed: Hybrid and OPV: apply 4-6 bags of ammonium sulphate (21-0-
0 or 3 bags of urea (46-0-0) per hectare
10. Cover the fertilizer immediately by shallow hilling-up. Hilling-up also minimizes the growth of
weeds.
11. Do selective weeding. Retain the Amaranthus spinosus and Ipomea triloba. These weeds
serve as refuge for the natural enemies of corn borer.
12. Irrigate the field immediately to dissolve the fertilizer.
Pest and disease management
13. Always visit the field to check for the presence of diseases, insect pests and rodents.
Kinds of Insect pests

a. Corn Borer (Asian Corn Borer)
Corn borer is one of the most destructive insect pests
of corn. It can reduce yield by 20 to 80%.
Scientific Name: Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee)
Local Names: Dalipog (Ilocano); Amasok or Tibgoy
(Bicol/Ilonggo); Tuhob (Cebuano)
Description:
• Eggs are flat, creamy, shiny and laid in mass
(about 25-50 eggs/egg mass) in fish scale-like
arrangement on both sides of the corn leaves. Incubation period is 4-5 days.
• Newly hatched larvae are pinkish with black or brown heads. Later instars are creamy
and brownish-yellow. It molts five times from 12-13 days.
• The pupa is dark red and the pupal period is about 5-12 days,
• Total development period from egg to adult emergence ranges from 27-52 days.
• The adult is yellowish brown moth with waxy dark lines on wings with an expansion of
about 35 mm.
Damage:
• Pinhole lines lesions on leaves caused by first instar larvae.
• Match head-size holes and elongated lesions on leaves and leaf sheaths caused by
second and third instars larvae.
• Broken stalks and leaves.
How can we prevent and control corn borer
Mechanical. Detassel 75 percent of corn during dry season and 65 percent during dry
season.
Chemical. Monitor 50-100 plants at least twice a week to see if 20 percent (sweet corn) or
30 percent (field corn) are damaged indicating the need to use chemicals.
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). This is a bacterial insecticide (examples: thuricide, xentari). Spray
Bt when there are borers eggs or small larvae. Do this late in the afternoon or before dusk
because the bacteria are sensitive to sunlight. Note. Monitor the field pests infestation from
time to time after using Bt and chemicals.
Natural Enemies. These are insects that fee on corn borer. To protect these beneficial
insects, do not use chemicals.
Examples:
o Trichogramma – feeds on the eggs of corn borer
o Earwig – feeds on the eggs, larva and pupa of corn borer
o Orius – sucks the juices of eggs and larva of corn borer
Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Combination of several preventive and control
measures against insect pests
b. Corn Planthopper
Corn planthopper is a regular planthopper that attacks corn.
How can we control Corn Planthopper
Cultural Methods
o Practice fallow period
o Practice crop rotation (alternate corn planting with cotton, rootcrops and other non-
graminae crops) to break the life cycle of the planthoppers
o Plow under after harvest to eliminate the remaining eggs, nymphs and adults
o Follow recommended fertilizer requirement. Split nitrogen application during crop
growth (nitrogen makes the plant susceptible and attractive to the planthoppers
o Increase planting distance enough for sunlight to penetrate (shady areas are
favourable to planthoppers)
o Intercrop leguminous plants to harbour to natural enemies, act as sol conditioner and
provide added income.
Biological Control
o Anargus osborni (wasps) and Cyrtorchinus lividipennis (mired bug) parasitizes and
prey on planthopper’s eggs
o Dragonflies and damselflies prey on moving adults.
o Spiders and earwigs prey on nymphs and adults.
o Drying wasps and strepsipteran larvae parasitizes on nymphs
o Mass produce microbial (white and green molds) from two planthoppers. Collect
additional dead planthoppers. Place them together in a jar with moistened tissue
and cover. After several days, pound the planthoppers to form a powdery
substance. Mix with 16 liters of water and spray on corn plants.
o If you see 40 planthoppers with microbial in corn plants, directly pound these and
mix with 16 liters of water. Spray the plants with the solution.
Chemical control:
o Install four sticky traps and four yellow pan traps per hectare of cornfield, one each
on the east, west, north and south. These traps can provide information on the
direction and origin of infestation.
o Apply contact insecticide once the traps begin catching winged planthoppers
o Avoid spraying three times a week. Spray only every 7th to 10th day for bio-agents to
recover and suppress the population of planthoppers.
Examples of insecticides:
Actara, Gador, thiamethoxam, carbaryl and deltamethrin
Kinds of Diseases
c. Downy Mildew
Downy mildew is a major and common disease of corn. This fungal disease starts attacking
the seedlings and can reduce yield by 40 to 100 percent.
How can we prevent and control downy mildew?
o Fungicide – Treat the seeds with fungicides before planting (Example: Metalaxyl
like Ridomil or Apron).
o Resistant Variety – Plant varieties resistant to downy mildew.
o Sanitation – Remove and bury infected plants which are the sources of fungal
inoculums.
o Crop rotation – Plant several crops belonging to different families one after
another.
d. Rodents
Rodents can reduce corn yield.
How can we prevent or control rodents

o Use chemicals, e.g. Racumin
o Smoke or flood the holes, then kill the rodents that come out
o Use trap
o Sanitize the field
e. Summary of methods to control insect pests and diseases
Table 1. Methods to control insect pests.

Stage of Growth Insect Pest Control Method
Planting to Red ant, white grub, mole Apply chemicals. Irrigate after
germination cricket planting
Seedling to early whorl Whorl maggot, white grub, Apply chemicals
mole cricket, semi-looper,
cutworm, earworm,
armyworm, corn aphid,
corn borer
Vegetative and before Corn borer Plant at the right time. Plant
tasseling resistant variety. Spray Dipel if pest
population is high. Apply
Trichogramma, earwig and orius.
Spray Dipel if pest population is high.
Take good care of the plants and

Cutworm, semi-looper, spray chemicals
armyworm, earworm Spray chemicals
Aphid, silk beetle
Tasseling to harvesting Corn borer Plant at the right time. Plant
resistant varieties. Use
Trichogramma, earwig and orius.
Spray Dipel if pest population is high.
Use IPM.
Earworm, silk beetle, weevil Spray chemicals
rodent Bait raw corn with pesticide like

ZnPo4 (an anti-coagulant). Use
Racumin. Sanitation.
All stages locust Monitor locust population. Spray at

breeding sites. Spray chemicals.
Storage Weevil Use variety with good husk cover.
Dry the grains properly and spray
chemicals. Clean the storage area
Table 2. Methods to control diseases.

Stage of Growth Disease Control Method
Seedling to early whorl Downy mildew Use fungicide (metalaxyl). Use
resistant variety. Sanitation.
Remove, bury, or burn infected
plants.
Southern of maydis leaf Use resistant variety. Plow under

blight corn stubbles. Use systemic
fungicide.
Bacterial stripe or streak Use resistant variety. Control leaf-

feeding insect pests.
Vegetative to before Bended leaf and sheath Remove infected leaves. Plow
tasseling blight deeply. Follow recommended
distance of planting. Spray fungicide.
Plant in area with good drainage.
Diplodia leaf streak or Sanitation. Spray chemicals

blight
Curvularia leaf spot Follow recommended distance of

planting. Spray fungicide.
Northern leaf blight Use resistant variety. Spray

fungicide.
Bacterial stalk rot Use resistant variety. Take good care
of the plants. Good drainage. Avoid
high nitrogen and low potash
Tasseling to harvesting Rust Use resistant variety. Spray
fungicide.
Physoderma brown spot Use resistant variety. Plow under
corn stubbles
Gibberella and fusarium Use resistant variety. Maintain
stalk and ear rot correct soil fertility (avoid high
nitrogen and low potash). Follow
recommended distance of planting.
Pythium stalk, root rot Plant in area with good drainage.
Mix the seeds with fungicide.
Maintain correct soil fertility.
Common smut Use resistant variety. Pull out and
burn the plants before the galls
rupture. Do not injure the plants.
Charcoal rot Use resistant variety. Maintain
correct soil fertility. Maintain soil
moisture after flowering. Avoid more
or less water.
Diplodia ear and stalk rot Use resistant variety. Sanitation.
Spray fungicide (example: Benomyl
and Maneb). Intercrop. Avoid high
nitrogen and los potash.
All stages Sugarcane mosaic virus Use resistant variety. Spray
weedicide.
Maize dwarf virus Remove alternate hosts. Intercrop.
Control insect pests that carry
diseases. Plant earlier to avoid high
population of pests.
Harvesting
For Baby Corn

14. Harvest 50 days after planting – or you may check the length of the silk. If it is already one inch
long, corn is ready for harvest.
15. Bring the harvest immediately to the processing area.
16. Reduce the husks and trim with a knife or a scissor. Husk should be as long the baby corn.
Remove the remaining husks when the container is ready.
17. Pack the baby corn in a container and cover immediately to maintain freshness.
18. Place the containers in a cool place. Note. Baby corn can be stored in a cool place for a day only.
If they will be stored for few days, place them in a refrigerator.
For Boiled Corn

1. Harvest while the corn is still soft but full, or 65-70 days after planting depending on the variety. Do
not remove the husks to maintain its freshness and sweetness. Harvest must be completed before
noon to maintain the quality of the produce. Note. Corn is ready for harvest when the grain is shiny
but soft.
2. Sell the harvest right away or contact a buyer while still in the field. If not, bring the harvest into a
shaded place. Note. There are two types of corn good for boiling: glutinous and sweet. There are
varieties available for this.
For Grains
1. Harvest the ears when the husks have dried and the grains are hard, or when 50 percent of the plant
population reached physiological maturity. Note. What is physiological maturity? Physiological
maturity is shown when a black layer forms at the base of the kernel 90 to 110 days after planting
depending on the variety.
2. Dehusk and pick the ears right from the field. Note. Avoid corn barrenness – corn barrenness is the
inability of corn to produce kernel. It is commonly observed in Mindanao especially when the climate
is humid and when too much fertilizer is applied. When using hybrid, plant every 10th row with OPV.
OPV has the ability to produce more pollen which last longer than hybrid. Pollination of OPV and
hybrid can avoid corn barrenness.
3. Bring the harvest to the drying area right away.
4. Dry the corn for two-three days. You may cover the floor area with plastic or other materials. Turn
the ears from time to time to dry them evenly. Note. Do not dehusk ears when there are no drying
facilities to avoid fungus to grow. Fungus spreads easily if the ears are dehusked and not dried.
5. Shell the corn ears.
6. Dry the grains for another one to two days to prevent mycotoxin and other insect infestation. Note.
Maintain good quality seeds by drying them in a clean area. Again, you may cover the floor area
with plastic or other materials to keep the grains clean. You can sell good quality seeds at a higher
price.
7. Place dried grains in sacks and store in a clean dry place. When storing grains for a longer period,
dry the grains again after one week to decrease the moisture content to 12 percent. Spray the
grains with recommended solution in the afternoon to avoid corn weevil damage.
Note.
• Formula of solution: Mix 960ml of water with 40 ml of Perimiphos methyl (e.g Actellic) and two
(2) ml of Permethrin. This solution is good for 1 ton of corn grits.
• Mycotoxin such as aflatoxin may grow in grains that are not dried properly.
• What is aflatoxin? It is a kind of toxin that comes from a fungus that grows in the grains. It
can poison human beings and animals.
• What are the factors that contribute to the growth of fungus in the grains?
a. High moisture content
b. High temperature
c. High relative humidity
• Fungus with aflatoxin starts to grow within 24 hours in grains that are not dried properly and
stored in a temperature 18 degrees Celsius and above.
Post Harvest Technology

1. Maize Aflatoxin Control System
• This system is an integrated set of technologies
and recommended practices.
• It includes equipment like corn dryer, sheller,
storage and mill. Dryers that can be used are:
fluidized bed dryer, heat pipe dryer, upgraded
flash dryer, flatbed dryer, in-‐store dryer and
recirculating continuous flow dryer.
• Recommended practices are: timely harvesting,
immediate drying, injury-‐free shelling, drying
and storage at 14 percent moisture, sanitation
and integrated pest management. BPRE Improved Corn Sheller and Fluidized Bed Dryer
• Reduces fungal infection and aflatoxin contamination.
• Higher marketability of corn.

References:
1. Adminsitrator, October 2007. BPRE Corn Planter. Open Academy for Philippine Agriculture, FTIC
Bldg., Philrice Compound, Science City of Munoz.
2. Adminsitrator, October 2007. Maize Aflatoxin control System. Open Academy for Philippine
Agriculture, FTIC Bldg., Philrice Compound, Science City of Munoz.
3. Agribusiness and Marketing Assistance division. Da-‐8 Investment Guide Series. DA-‐RFU 8,
Tacloban City
4. Institute of Plant Breeding, UPLB

Corn Technoguide

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CORN TECHNOGUIDE

One-­‐hectare Hybrid Corn Production (semi-­‐mechanized, one cropping)

B. Production Techno guide

Irrigating the corn plants

9. Apply the fertilizer 25-30 days after planting (sidedressing)

Pest and disease management

Kinds of Insect pests

How can we prevent and control corn borer

How can we control Corn Planthopper

How can we prevent or control rodents

e. Summary of methods to control insect pests and diseases

Table 1. Methods to control insect pests.

Take good care of the plants and

Earworm, silk beetle, weevil Spray chemicals

rodent Bait raw corn with pesticide like

All stages locust Monitor locust population. Spray at

Table 2. Methods to control diseases.

Southern of maydis leaf Use resistant variety. Plow under

Bacterial stripe or streak Use resistant variety. Control leaf-

Diplodia leaf streak or Sanitation. Spray chemicals

Curvularia leaf spot Follow recommended distance of

Northern leaf blight Use resistant variety. Spray

For Baby Corn

For Boiled Corn

Post Harvest Technology

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One-‐hectare Hybrid Corn Production (semi-‐mechanized, one cropping)