Essential Clinical Immunology

Subject : Essential Clinical Immunology

Basic Components of the Immune System
1. Basic Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
2. Antigens - Answer (click here)
3. Antibody - Answer (click here)
4. T Cells and their Receptors - Answer (click here)
5. Major Histocompatibility Complex - Answer (click here)
6. Adhesion Molecules - Answer (click here)
7. Cytokines - Answer (click here)
8. Initiation of the Immune Response - Answer (click here)
9. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
10. Functional Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
11. Tissue Damage Pathways: Hypersensitivity Reactions - Answer (click here)

Immunological Techniques
1. Basic Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
2. Antigens - Answer (click here)
3. Antibody - Answer (click here)
4. T Cells and their Receptors - Answer (click here)
5. Major Histocompatibility Complex - Answer (click here)
6. Adhesion Molecules - Answer (click here)
7. Cytokines - Answer (click here)
8. Initiation of the Immune Response - Answer (click here)
9. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
10. Functional Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
11. Tissue Damage Pathways: Hypersensitivity Reactions - Answer (click here)
12. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
13. Immunological Assays - Answer (click here)
14. Lymphocytic Assays - Answer (click here)
15. Fluorescein-Activated Cell Sorter - Answer (click here)
16. Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays - Answer (click here)
17. DNA Technology Assays - Answer (click here)

Immune Regulation
 1. Basic Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
2. Antigens - Answer (click here)
3. Antibody - Answer (click here)
4. T Cells and their Receptors - Answer (click here)
5. Major Histocompatibility Complex - Answer (click here)
6. Adhesion Molecules - Answer (click here)
7. Cytokines - Answer (click here)
8. Initiation of the Immune Response - Answer (click here)
9. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
10. Functional Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
11. Tissue Damage Pathways: Hypersensitivity Reactions - Answer (click here)
12. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
13. Immunological Assays - Answer (click here)
14. Lymphocytic Assays - Answer (click here)
15. Fluorescein-Activated Cell Sorter - Answer (click here)
16. Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays - Answer (click here)
17. DNA Technology Assays - Answer (click here)
18. Immuno suppression: Immunosuppressive Drugs - Answer (click here)
19. Antibodies and Other Immunosuppressive Methods - Answer (click here)
20. Immunopotentiation - Answer (click here)
21. Cytokine Immunomodulation - Answer (click here)
22. Cellular Vaccines and Modulations There of Dendritic Cell Vaccines -
Answer (click here)

Immunological Aspects of Infection

1. Basic Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
2. Antigens - Answer (click here)
3. Antibody - Answer (click here)
4. T Cells and their Receptors - Answer (click here)
5. Major Histocompatibility Complex - Answer (click here)
6. Adhesion Molecules - Answer (click here)
7. Cytokines - Answer (click here)
8. Initiation of the Immune Response - Answer (click here)
9. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
10. Functional Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
11. Tissue Damage Pathways: Hypersensitivity Reactions - Answer (click here)
12. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
13. Immunological Assays - Answer (click here)
14. Lymphocytic Assays - Answer (click here)
15. Fluorescein-Activated Cell Sorter - Answer (click here)
16. Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays - Answer (click here)
17. DNA Technology Assays - Answer (click here)
18. Immuno suppression: Immunosuppressive Drugs - Answer (click here)
19. Antibodies and Other Immunosuppressive Methods - Answer (click here)
20. Immunopotentiation - Answer (click here)
21. Cytokine Immunomodulation - Answer (click here)
22. Cellular Vaccines and Modulations There of Dendritic Cell Vaccines -
Answer (click here)
23. Non Specific Resistance - Immunological Aspects of Infection - Answer
(click here)
24. Adaptive Immunity - Answer (click here)
25. Bacterial Infection - Answer (click here)
26. Bacterial Superantigens - Answer (click here)
27. Bacterial Evasion of Immune Defense - Answer (click here)
28. Viral Infections - Answer (click here)
29. Fungal Infection - Answer (click here)
30. Parasitic Infection - Answer (click here)

Immunological Aspects of Immunodeficiency Diseases

1. Basic Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
2. Antigens - Answer (click here)
3. Antibody - Answer (click here)
4. T Cells and their Receptors - Answer (click here)
5. Major Histocompatibility Complex - Answer (click here)
6. Adhesion Molecules - Answer (click here)
7. Cytokines - Answer (click here)
8. Initiation of the Immune Response - Answer (click here)
9. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
10. Functional Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
11. Tissue Damage Pathways: Hypersensitivity Reactions - Answer (click here)
12. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
13. Immunological Assays - Answer (click here)
14. Lymphocytic Assays - Answer (click here)
15. Fluorescein-Activated Cell Sorter - Answer (click here)
16. Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays - Answer (click here)
17. DNA Technology Assays - Answer (click here)
18. Immuno suppression: Immunosuppressive Drugs - Answer (click here)
19. Antibodies and Other Immunosuppressive Methods - Answer (click here)
20. Immunopotentiation - Answer (click here)
21. Cytokine Immunomodulation - Answer (click here)
22. Cellular Vaccines and Modulations There of Dendritic Cell Vaccines -
Answer (click here)
23. Non Specific Resistance - Immunological Aspects of Infection - Answer
(click here)
24. Adaptive Immunity - Answer (click here)
25. Bacterial Infection - Answer (click here)
26. Bacterial Superantigens - Answer (click here)
27. Bacterial Evasion of Immune Defense - Answer (click here)
28. Viral Infections - Answer (click here)
29. Fungal Infection - Answer (click here)
30. Parasitic Infection - Answer (click here)
31. Immunological Aspects of Immunodeficiency Diseases - Answer (click
here)
32. Defects in Anatomical or Physiological Barriers to Infection - Answer
(click here)
33. Disorders Characterized By Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
34. Clinical Manifestations of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
35. Major Categories of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
36. Defects in Cell-Mediated Immunity (T-Cell Dependent Immunity) -
Answer (click here)
37. Manifestations of T-Cell Deficiency - Answer (click here)
38. Major Categories of Combined Immunodeficiency - Answer (click here)
39. Immunological and Molecular Classification of SCID - Answer (click here)
40. Treatment of SCID - Answer (click here)
41. DiGeorge’s Syndrome (Thymic Aplasia) - Answer (click here)
42. Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
43. Neutropenia - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
44. Defects in Leucocyte Migration - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click
here)
45. Defects in Bacterial Killing - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
46. Defects in Killing of Intracellular Bacteria by Activated Macrophages -
Answer (click here)
47. Complex Immunodeficiencies Due to Miscellaneous Defects - Answer
(click here)
48. Immunodeficiencies Resulting in Defective Homeostasis of the Immune
System - Answer (click here)
49. Defects in the Cytolytic Pathway - Answer (click here)
50. Inherited Deficiency of the Complement System - Answer (click here)
51. Defects in Innate Immunity - Answer (click here)

Autoimmunity
 1. Basic Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
2. Antigens - Answer (click here)
3. Antibody - Answer (click here)
4. T Cells and their Receptors - Answer (click here)
5. Major Histocompatibility Complex - Answer (click here)
6. Adhesion Molecules - Answer (click here)
7. Cytokines - Answer (click here)
8. Initiation of the Immune Response - Answer (click here)
9. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
10. Functional Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
11. Tissue Damage Pathways: Hypersensitivity Reactions - Answer (click here)
12. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
13. Immunological Assays - Answer (click here)
14. Lymphocytic Assays - Answer (click here)
15. Fluorescein-Activated Cell Sorter - Answer (click here)
16. Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays - Answer (click here)
17. DNA Technology Assays - Answer (click here)
18. Immuno suppression: Immunosuppressive Drugs - Answer (click here)
19. Antibodies and Other Immunosuppressive Methods - Answer (click here)
20. Immunopotentiation - Answer (click here)
21. Cytokine Immunomodulation - Answer (click here)
22. Cellular Vaccines and Modulations There of Dendritic Cell Vaccines -
Answer (click here)
23. Non Specific Resistance - Immunological Aspects of Infection - Answer
(click here)
24. Adaptive Immunity - Answer (click here)
25. Bacterial Infection - Answer (click here)
26. Bacterial Superantigens - Answer (click here)
27. Bacterial Evasion of Immune Defense - Answer (click here)
28. Viral Infections - Answer (click here)
29. Fungal Infection - Answer (click here)
30. Parasitic Infection - Answer (click here)
31. Immunological Aspects of Immunodeficiency Diseases - Answer (click
here)
32. Defects in Anatomical or Physiological Barriers to Infection - Answer
(click here)
33. Disorders Characterized By Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
34. Clinical Manifestations of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
35. Major Categories of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
36. Defects in Cell-Mediated Immunity (T-Cell Dependent Immunity) -
Answer (click here)
37. Manifestations of T-Cell Deficiency - Answer (click here)
38. Major Categories of Combined Immunodeficiency - Answer (click here)
39. Immunological and Molecular Classification of SCID - Answer (click here)
40. Treatment of SCID - Answer (click here)
41. DiGeorge’s Syndrome (Thymic Aplasia) - Answer (click here)
42. Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
43. Neutropenia - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
44. Defects in Leucocyte Migration - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click
here)
45. Defects in Bacterial Killing - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
46. Defects in Killing of Intracellular Bacteria by Activated Macrophages -
Answer (click here)
47. Complex Immunodeficiencies Due to Miscellaneous Defects - Answer
(click here)
48. Immunodeficiencies Resulting in Defective Homeostasis of the Immune
System - Answer (click here)
49. Defects in the Cytolytic Pathway - Answer (click here)
50. Inherited Deficiency of the Complement System - Answer (click here)
51. Defects in Innate Immunity - Answer (click here)
52. Definitions and Types of Autoimmunity - Answer (click here)
53. Type II Autoimmune Reactions - Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue
Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
54. Type IIA Autoimmune Reaction: Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click
here)
55. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Graves’ Disease - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
56. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Myasthenia Gravis - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
57. Type III Autoimmune Reactions (Immune Complex Disease) -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury - Answer (click here)
58. Type IV Autoimmune Reactions (T-Cell Mediated) - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
59. Epidemiology of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
60. Animal Models of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
61. SLE (NZB X NZW F1, MRL, BXSB, TMPD) - Answer (click here)
62. Rheumatoid Arthritis (Collagen-Induced Arthritis, TTP Deficiency,
K/BxN Model) - Answer (click here)
63. Multiple Sclerosis (Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis) -
Answer (click here)
64. Type I Diabetes (Nonobese Diabetic Mouse Model) - Answer (click here)
65. Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis) -
Answer (click here)
66. Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
67. Treatment of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

1. Basic Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
2. Antigens - Answer (click here)
3. Antibody - Answer (click here)
4. T Cells and their Receptors - Answer (click here)
5. Major Histocompatibility Complex - Answer (click here)
6. Adhesion Molecules - Answer (click here)
7. Cytokines - Answer (click here)
8. Initiation of the Immune Response - Answer (click here)
9. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
10. Functional Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
11. Tissue Damage Pathways: Hypersensitivity Reactions - Answer (click here)
12. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
13. Immunological Assays - Answer (click here)
14. Lymphocytic Assays - Answer (click here)
15. Fluorescein-Activated Cell Sorter - Answer (click here)
16. Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays - Answer (click here)
17. DNA Technology Assays - Answer (click here)
18. Immuno suppression: Immunosuppressive Drugs - Answer (click here)
19. Antibodies and Other Immunosuppressive Methods - Answer (click here)
20. Immunopotentiation - Answer (click here)
21. Cytokine Immunomodulation - Answer (click here)
22. Cellular Vaccines and Modulations There of Dendritic Cell Vaccines -
Answer (click here)
23. Non Specific Resistance - Immunological Aspects of Infection - Answer
(click here)
24. Adaptive Immunity - Answer (click here)
25. Bacterial Infection - Answer (click here)
26. Bacterial Superantigens - Answer (click here)
27. Bacterial Evasion of Immune Defense - Answer (click here)
28. Viral Infections - Answer (click here)
29. Fungal Infection - Answer (click here)
30. Parasitic Infection - Answer (click here)
31. Immunological Aspects of Immunodeficiency Diseases - Answer (click
here)
32. Defects in Anatomical or Physiological Barriers to Infection - Answer
(click here)
33. Disorders Characterized By Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
34. Clinical Manifestations of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
35. Major Categories of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
36. Defects in Cell-Mediated Immunity (T-Cell Dependent Immunity) -
Answer (click here)
37. Manifestations of T-Cell Deficiency - Answer (click here)
38. Major Categories of Combined Immunodeficiency - Answer (click here)
39. Immunological and Molecular Classification of SCID - Answer (click here)
40. Treatment of SCID - Answer (click here)
41. DiGeorge’s Syndrome (Thymic Aplasia) - Answer (click here)
42. Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
43. Neutropenia - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
44. Defects in Leucocyte Migration - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click
here)
45. Defects in Bacterial Killing - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
46. Defects in Killing of Intracellular Bacteria by Activated Macrophages -
Answer (click here)
47. Complex Immunodeficiencies Due to Miscellaneous Defects - Answer
(click here)
48. Immunodeficiencies Resulting in Defective Homeostasis of the Immune
System - Answer (click here)
49. Defects in the Cytolytic Pathway - Answer (click here)
50. Inherited Deficiency of the Complement System - Answer (click here)
51. Defects in Innate Immunity - Answer (click here)
52. Definitions and Types of Autoimmunity - Answer (click here)
53. Type II Autoimmune Reactions - Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue
Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
54. Type IIA Autoimmune Reaction: Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click
here)
55. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Graves’ Disease - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
56. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Myasthenia Gravis - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
57. Type III Autoimmune Reactions (Immune Complex Disease) -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury - Answer (click here)
58. Type IV Autoimmune Reactions (T-Cell Mediated) - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
59. Epidemiology of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
60. Animal Models of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
61. SLE (NZB X NZW F1, MRL, BXSB, TMPD) - Answer (click here)
62. Rheumatoid Arthritis (Collagen-Induced Arthritis, TTP Deficiency,
K/BxN Model) - Answer (click here)
63. Multiple Sclerosis (Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis) -
Answer (click here)
64. Type I Diabetes (Nonobese Diabetic Mouse Model) - Answer (click here)
65. Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis) -
Answer (click here)
66. Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
67. Treatment of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
68. B-Cell Activation and Maturation - Answer (click here)
69. Characterizing the Heterogeneity of B-CLL by Molecular and Clinical
Subtypes - Answer (click here)
70. Development of B-CLL From Normal B Lymphocytes - Answer (click here)
71. Correlations Between the Cellular and Molecular Features of the Disease
With the Clinical Course of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
72. Summary Remarks on the Development, Growth, and Evolution of B-
CLL - Answer (click here)
73. Animal Models of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
74. Clinical Implications and the Development of Novel Therapeutics -
Answer (click here)

Immunology of HIV Infections

1. Basic Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
2. Antigens - Answer (click here)
3. Antibody - Answer (click here)
4. T Cells and their Receptors - Answer (click here)
5. Major Histocompatibility Complex - Answer (click here)
6. Adhesion Molecules - Answer (click here)
7. Cytokines - Answer (click here)
8. Initiation of the Immune Response - Answer (click here)
9. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
10. Functional Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
11. Tissue Damage Pathways: Hypersensitivity Reactions - Answer (click here)
12. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
13. Immunological Assays - Answer (click here)
14. Lymphocytic Assays - Answer (click here)
15. Fluorescein-Activated Cell Sorter - Answer (click here)
16. Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays - Answer (click here)
17. DNA Technology Assays - Answer (click here)
18. Immuno suppression: Immunosuppressive Drugs - Answer (click here)
19. Antibodies and Other Immunosuppressive Methods - Answer (click here)
20. Immunopotentiation - Answer (click here)
21. Cytokine Immunomodulation - Answer (click here)
22. Cellular Vaccines and Modulations There of Dendritic Cell Vaccines -
Answer (click here)
23. Non Specific Resistance - Immunological Aspects of Infection - Answer
(click here)
24. Adaptive Immunity - Answer (click here)
25. Bacterial Infection - Answer (click here)
26. Bacterial Superantigens - Answer (click here)
27. Bacterial Evasion of Immune Defense - Answer (click here)
28. Viral Infections - Answer (click here)
29. Fungal Infection - Answer (click here)
30. Parasitic Infection - Answer (click here)
31. Immunological Aspects of Immunodeficiency Diseases - Answer (click
here)
32. Defects in Anatomical or Physiological Barriers to Infection - Answer
(click here)
33. Disorders Characterized By Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
34. Clinical Manifestations of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
35. Major Categories of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
36. Defects in Cell-Mediated Immunity (T-Cell Dependent Immunity) -
Answer (click here)
37. Manifestations of T-Cell Deficiency - Answer (click here)
38. Major Categories of Combined Immunodeficiency - Answer (click here)
39. Immunological and Molecular Classification of SCID - Answer (click here)
40. Treatment of SCID - Answer (click here)
41. DiGeorge’s Syndrome (Thymic Aplasia) - Answer (click here)
42. Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
43. Neutropenia - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
44. Defects in Leucocyte Migration - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click
here)
45. Defects in Bacterial Killing - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
46. Defects in Killing of Intracellular Bacteria by Activated Macrophages -
Answer (click here)
47. Complex Immunodeficiencies Due to Miscellaneous Defects - Answer
(click here)
48. Immunodeficiencies Resulting in Defective Homeostasis of the Immune
System - Answer (click here)
49. Defects in the Cytolytic Pathway - Answer (click here)
50. Inherited Deficiency of the Complement System - Answer (click here)
51. Defects in Innate Immunity - Answer (click here)
52. Definitions and Types of Autoimmunity - Answer (click here)
53. Type II Autoimmune Reactions - Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue
Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
54. Type IIA Autoimmune Reaction: Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click
here)
55. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Graves’ Disease - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
56. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Myasthenia Gravis - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
57. Type III Autoimmune Reactions (Immune Complex Disease) -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury - Answer (click here)
58. Type IV Autoimmune Reactions (T-Cell Mediated) - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
59. Epidemiology of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
60. Animal Models of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
61. SLE (NZB X NZW F1, MRL, BXSB, TMPD) - Answer (click here)
62. Rheumatoid Arthritis (Collagen-Induced Arthritis, TTP Deficiency,
K/BxN Model) - Answer (click here)
63. Multiple Sclerosis (Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis) -
Answer (click here)
64. Type I Diabetes (Nonobese Diabetic Mouse Model) - Answer (click here)
65. Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis) -
Answer (click here)
66. Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
67. Treatment of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
68. B-Cell Activation and Maturation - Answer (click here)
69. Characterizing the Heterogeneity of B-CLL by Molecular and Clinical
Subtypes - Answer (click here)
70. Development of B-CLL From Normal B Lymphocytes - Answer (click here)
71. Correlations Between the Cellular and Molecular Features of the Disease
With the Clinical Course of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
72. Summary Remarks on the Development, Growth, and Evolution of B-
CLL - Answer (click here)
73. Animal Models of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
74. Clinical Implications and the Development of Novel Therapeutics -
Answer (click here)
75. Immunological and Biological Parameters of Disease - Answer (click here)
76. Animal Models of HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
 77. Vaccines to Prevent HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
78. Vaccine Candidates - Immunology of HIV Infections - Answer (click here)

Immunological Aspects of Allergy and Anaphylaxis

1. Basic Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
2. Antigens - Answer (click here)
3. Antibody - Answer (click here)
4. T Cells and their Receptors - Answer (click here)
5. Major Histocompatibility Complex - Answer (click here)
6. Adhesion Molecules - Answer (click here)
7. Cytokines - Answer (click here)
8. Initiation of the Immune Response - Answer (click here)
9. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
10. Functional Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
11. Tissue Damage Pathways: Hypersensitivity Reactions - Answer (click here)
12. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
13. Immunological Assays - Answer (click here)
14. Lymphocytic Assays - Answer (click here)
15. Fluorescein-Activated Cell Sorter - Answer (click here)
16. Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays - Answer (click here)
17. DNA Technology Assays - Answer (click here)
18. Immuno suppression: Immunosuppressive Drugs - Answer (click here)
19. Antibodies and Other Immunosuppressive Methods - Answer (click here)
20. Immunopotentiation - Answer (click here)
21. Cytokine Immunomodulation - Answer (click here)
22. Cellular Vaccines and Modulations There of Dendritic Cell Vaccines -
Answer (click here)
23. Non Specific Resistance - Immunological Aspects of Infection - Answer
(click here)
24. Adaptive Immunity - Answer (click here)
25. Bacterial Infection - Answer (click here)
26. Bacterial Superantigens - Answer (click here)
27. Bacterial Evasion of Immune Defense - Answer (click here)
28. Viral Infections - Answer (click here)
29. Fungal Infection - Answer (click here)
30. Parasitic Infection - Answer (click here)
31. Immunological Aspects of Immunodeficiency Diseases - Answer (click
here)
32. Defects in Anatomical or Physiological Barriers to Infection - Answer
(click here)
33. Disorders Characterized By Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
34. Clinical Manifestations of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
35. Major Categories of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
36. Defects in Cell-Mediated Immunity (T-Cell Dependent Immunity) -
Answer (click here)
37. Manifestations of T-Cell Deficiency - Answer (click here)
38. Major Categories of Combined Immunodeficiency - Answer (click here)
39. Immunological and Molecular Classification of SCID - Answer (click here)
40. Treatment of SCID - Answer (click here)
41. DiGeorge’s Syndrome (Thymic Aplasia) - Answer (click here)
42. Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
43. Neutropenia - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
44. Defects in Leucocyte Migration - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click
here)
45. Defects in Bacterial Killing - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
46. Defects in Killing of Intracellular Bacteria by Activated Macrophages -
Answer (click here)
47. Complex Immunodeficiencies Due to Miscellaneous Defects - Answer
(click here)
48. Immunodeficiencies Resulting in Defective Homeostasis of the Immune
System - Answer (click here)
49. Defects in the Cytolytic Pathway - Answer (click here)
50. Inherited Deficiency of the Complement System - Answer (click here)
51. Defects in Innate Immunity - Answer (click here)
52. Definitions and Types of Autoimmunity - Answer (click here)
53. Type II Autoimmune Reactions - Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue
Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
54. Type IIA Autoimmune Reaction: Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click
here)
55. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Graves’ Disease - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
56. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Myasthenia Gravis - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
57. Type III Autoimmune Reactions (Immune Complex Disease) -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury - Answer (click here)
58. Type IV Autoimmune Reactions (T-Cell Mediated) - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
59. Epidemiology of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
60. Animal Models of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
61. SLE (NZB X NZW F1, MRL, BXSB, TMPD) - Answer (click here)
 62. Rheumatoid Arthritis (Collagen-Induced Arthritis, TTP Deficiency,
K/BxN Model) - Answer (click here)
63. Multiple Sclerosis (Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis) -
Answer (click here)
64. Type I Diabetes (Nonobese Diabetic Mouse Model) - Answer (click here)
65. Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis) -
Answer (click here)
66. Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
67. Treatment of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
68. B-Cell Activation and Maturation - Answer (click here)
69. Characterizing the Heterogeneity of B-CLL by Molecular and Clinical
Subtypes - Answer (click here)
70. Development of B-CLL From Normal B Lymphocytes - Answer (click here)
71. Correlations Between the Cellular and Molecular Features of the Disease
With the Clinical Course of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
72. Summary Remarks on the Development, Growth, and Evolution of B-
CLL - Answer (click here)
73. Animal Models of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
74. Clinical Implications and the Development of Novel Therapeutics -
Answer (click here)
75. Immunological and Biological Parameters of Disease - Answer (click here)
76. Animal Models of HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
77. Vaccines to Prevent HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
78. Vaccine Candidates - Immunology of HIV Infections - Answer (click here)
79. Immunological Aspects of Allergy and Anaphylaxis - Answer (click here)
80. Allergic Hypersensitivity - Answer (click here)
81. Atopy - Answer (click here)
82. Systemic Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactoid Reactions - Answer (click here)
83. Allergic Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
84. Allergic Disease of the Respiratory Tract - Answer (click here)
85. Allergic Rhinitis: Overview, Clinical Disease States, Experimental
Models - Answer (click here)
86. Allergic Asthma: Overview, Immunology, Experimental Models -
Answer (click here)
87. Food Allergy and Intolerance: Diagnosis, Food Intolerance - Answer (click
here)
88. Skin Diseases and Allergy - Answer (click here)

Immunological Aspects of Skin Diseases

1. Basic Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
2. Antigens - Answer (click here)
 3. Antibody - Answer (click here)
4. T Cells and their Receptors - Answer (click here)
5. Major Histocompatibility Complex - Answer (click here)
6. Adhesion Molecules - Answer (click here)
7. Cytokines - Answer (click here)
8. Initiation of the Immune Response - Answer (click here)
9. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
10. Functional Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
11. Tissue Damage Pathways: Hypersensitivity Reactions - Answer (click here)
12. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
13. Immunological Assays - Answer (click here)
14. Lymphocytic Assays - Answer (click here)
15. Fluorescein-Activated Cell Sorter - Answer (click here)
16. Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays - Answer (click here)
17. DNA Technology Assays - Answer (click here)
18. Immuno suppression: Immunosuppressive Drugs - Answer (click here)
19. Antibodies and Other Immunosuppressive Methods - Answer (click here)
20. Immunopotentiation - Answer (click here)
21. Cytokine Immunomodulation - Answer (click here)
22. Cellular Vaccines and Modulations There of Dendritic Cell Vaccines -
Answer (click here)
23. Non Specific Resistance - Immunological Aspects of Infection - Answer
(click here)
24. Adaptive Immunity - Answer (click here)
25. Bacterial Infection - Answer (click here)
26. Bacterial Superantigens - Answer (click here)
27. Bacterial Evasion of Immune Defense - Answer (click here)
28. Viral Infections - Answer (click here)
29. Fungal Infection - Answer (click here)
30. Parasitic Infection - Answer (click here)
31. Immunological Aspects of Immunodeficiency Diseases - Answer (click
here)
32. Defects in Anatomical or Physiological Barriers to Infection - Answer
(click here)
33. Disorders Characterized By Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
34. Clinical Manifestations of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
35. Major Categories of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
36. Defects in Cell-Mediated Immunity (T-Cell Dependent Immunity) -
Answer (click here)
37. Manifestations of T-Cell Deficiency - Answer (click here)
38. Major Categories of Combined Immunodeficiency - Answer (click here)
39. Immunological and Molecular Classification of SCID - Answer (click here)
40. Treatment of SCID - Answer (click here)
41. DiGeorge’s Syndrome (Thymic Aplasia) - Answer (click here)
42. Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
43. Neutropenia - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
44. Defects in Leucocyte Migration - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click
here)
45. Defects in Bacterial Killing - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
46. Defects in Killing of Intracellular Bacteria by Activated Macrophages -
Answer (click here)
47. Complex Immunodeficiencies Due to Miscellaneous Defects - Answer
(click here)
48. Immunodeficiencies Resulting in Defective Homeostasis of the Immune
System - Answer (click here)
49. Defects in the Cytolytic Pathway - Answer (click here)
50. Inherited Deficiency of the Complement System - Answer (click here)
51. Defects in Innate Immunity - Answer (click here)
52. Definitions and Types of Autoimmunity - Answer (click here)
53. Type II Autoimmune Reactions - Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue
Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
54. Type IIA Autoimmune Reaction: Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click
here)
55. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Graves’ Disease - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
56. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Myasthenia Gravis - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
57. Type III Autoimmune Reactions (Immune Complex Disease) -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury - Answer (click here)
58. Type IV Autoimmune Reactions (T-Cell Mediated) - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
59. Epidemiology of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
60. Animal Models of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
61. SLE (NZB X NZW F1, MRL, BXSB, TMPD) - Answer (click here)
62. Rheumatoid Arthritis (Collagen-Induced Arthritis, TTP Deficiency,
K/BxN Model) - Answer (click here)
63. Multiple Sclerosis (Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis) -
Answer (click here)
64. Type I Diabetes (Nonobese Diabetic Mouse Model) - Answer (click here)
65. Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis) -
Answer (click here)
66. Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
67. Treatment of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
68. B-Cell Activation and Maturation - Answer (click here)
69. Characterizing the Heterogeneity of B-CLL by Molecular and Clinical
Subtypes - Answer (click here)
70. Development of B-CLL From Normal B Lymphocytes - Answer (click here)
71. Correlations Between the Cellular and Molecular Features of the Disease
With the Clinical Course of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
72. Summary Remarks on the Development, Growth, and Evolution of B-
CLL - Answer (click here)
73. Animal Models of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
74. Clinical Implications and the Development of Novel Therapeutics -
Answer (click here)
75. Immunological and Biological Parameters of Disease - Answer (click here)
76. Animal Models of HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
77. Vaccines to Prevent HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
78. Vaccine Candidates - Immunology of HIV Infections - Answer (click here)
79. Immunological Aspects of Allergy and Anaphylaxis - Answer (click here)
80. Allergic Hypersensitivity - Answer (click here)
81. Atopy - Answer (click here)
82. Systemic Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactoid Reactions - Answer (click here)
83. Allergic Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
84. Allergic Disease of the Respiratory Tract - Answer (click here)
85. Allergic Rhinitis: Overview, Clinical Disease States, Experimental
Models - Answer (click here)
86. Allergic Asthma: Overview, Immunology, Experimental Models -
Answer (click here)
87. Food Allergy and Intolerance: Diagnosis, Food Intolerance - Answer (click
here)
88. Skin Diseases and Allergy - Answer (click here)
89. Immunological Aspects of Skin Diseases - Answer (click here)
90. Psoriasis - Skin Diseases - Answer (click here)
91. Alopecia Areata - Answer (click here)
92. Antibody Induced Bullous Skin Lesions - Answer (click here)

Experimental Approaches to the Study of Autoimmune Rheumatic

Diseases
1. Basic Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
2. Antigens - Answer (click here)
3. Antibody - Answer (click here)
 4. T Cells and their Receptors - Answer (click here)
5. Major Histocompatibility Complex - Answer (click here)
6. Adhesion Molecules - Answer (click here)
7. Cytokines - Answer (click here)
8. Initiation of the Immune Response - Answer (click here)
9. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
10. Functional Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
11. Tissue Damage Pathways: Hypersensitivity Reactions - Answer (click here)
12. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
13. Immunological Assays - Answer (click here)
14. Lymphocytic Assays - Answer (click here)
15. Fluorescein-Activated Cell Sorter - Answer (click here)
16. Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays - Answer (click here)
17. DNA Technology Assays - Answer (click here)
18. Immuno suppression: Immunosuppressive Drugs - Answer (click here)
19. Antibodies and Other Immunosuppressive Methods - Answer (click here)
20. Immunopotentiation - Answer (click here)
21. Cytokine Immunomodulation - Answer (click here)
22. Cellular Vaccines and Modulations There of Dendritic Cell Vaccines -
Answer (click here)
23. Non Specific Resistance - Immunological Aspects of Infection - Answer
(click here)
24. Adaptive Immunity - Answer (click here)
25. Bacterial Infection - Answer (click here)
26. Bacterial Superantigens - Answer (click here)
27. Bacterial Evasion of Immune Defense - Answer (click here)
28. Viral Infections - Answer (click here)
29. Fungal Infection - Answer (click here)
30. Parasitic Infection - Answer (click here)
31. Immunological Aspects of Immunodeficiency Diseases - Answer (click
here)
32. Defects in Anatomical or Physiological Barriers to Infection - Answer
(click here)
33. Disorders Characterized By Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
34. Clinical Manifestations of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
35. Major Categories of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
36. Defects in Cell-Mediated Immunity (T-Cell Dependent Immunity) -
Answer (click here)
37. Manifestations of T-Cell Deficiency - Answer (click here)
38. Major Categories of Combined Immunodeficiency - Answer (click here)
39. Immunological and Molecular Classification of SCID - Answer (click here)
40. Treatment of SCID - Answer (click here)
41. DiGeorge’s Syndrome (Thymic Aplasia) - Answer (click here)
42. Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
43. Neutropenia - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
44. Defects in Leucocyte Migration - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click
here)
45. Defects in Bacterial Killing - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
46. Defects in Killing of Intracellular Bacteria by Activated Macrophages -
Answer (click here)
47. Complex Immunodeficiencies Due to Miscellaneous Defects - Answer
(click here)
48. Immunodeficiencies Resulting in Defective Homeostasis of the Immune
System - Answer (click here)
49. Defects in the Cytolytic Pathway - Answer (click here)
50. Inherited Deficiency of the Complement System - Answer (click here)
51. Defects in Innate Immunity - Answer (click here)
52. Definitions and Types of Autoimmunity - Answer (click here)
53. Type II Autoimmune Reactions - Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue
Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
54. Type IIA Autoimmune Reaction: Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click
here)
55. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Graves’ Disease - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
56. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Myasthenia Gravis - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
57. Type III Autoimmune Reactions (Immune Complex Disease) -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury - Answer (click here)
58. Type IV Autoimmune Reactions (T-Cell Mediated) - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
59. Epidemiology of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
60. Animal Models of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
61. SLE (NZB X NZW F1, MRL, BXSB, TMPD) - Answer (click here)
62. Rheumatoid Arthritis (Collagen-Induced Arthritis, TTP Deficiency,
K/BxN Model) - Answer (click here)
63. Multiple Sclerosis (Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis) -
Answer (click here)
64. Type I Diabetes (Nonobese Diabetic Mouse Model) - Answer (click here)
65. Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis) -
Answer (click here)
66. Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
67. Treatment of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
68. B-Cell Activation and Maturation - Answer (click here)
69. Characterizing the Heterogeneity of B-CLL by Molecular and Clinical
Subtypes - Answer (click here)
70. Development of B-CLL From Normal B Lymphocytes - Answer (click here)
71. Correlations Between the Cellular and Molecular Features of the Disease
With the Clinical Course of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
72. Summary Remarks on the Development, Growth, and Evolution of B-
CLL - Answer (click here)
73. Animal Models of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
74. Clinical Implications and the Development of Novel Therapeutics -
Answer (click here)
75. Immunological and Biological Parameters of Disease - Answer (click here)
76. Animal Models of HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
77. Vaccines to Prevent HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
78. Vaccine Candidates - Immunology of HIV Infections - Answer (click here)
79. Immunological Aspects of Allergy and Anaphylaxis - Answer (click here)
80. Allergic Hypersensitivity - Answer (click here)
81. Atopy - Answer (click here)
82. Systemic Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactoid Reactions - Answer (click here)
83. Allergic Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
84. Allergic Disease of the Respiratory Tract - Answer (click here)
85. Allergic Rhinitis: Overview, Clinical Disease States, Experimental
Models - Answer (click here)
86. Allergic Asthma: Overview, Immunology, Experimental Models -
Answer (click here)
87. Food Allergy and Intolerance: Diagnosis, Food Intolerance - Answer (click
here)
88. Skin Diseases and Allergy - Answer (click here)
89. Immunological Aspects of Skin Diseases - Answer (click here)
90. Psoriasis - Skin Diseases - Answer (click here)
91. Alopecia Areata - Answer (click here)
92. Antibody Induced Bullous Skin Lesions - Answer (click here)
93. Experimental Approaches to the Study of Autoimmune Rheumatic
Diseases - Answer (click here)
94. Types of Animal Models - Answer (click here)
95. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features,
Treatment - Answer (click here)
96. Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis - Answer (click here)
97. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis,
Clinical Features, Treatment - Answer (click here)
 98. Animal Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) - Answer (click
here)
99. Sjogren’s Syndrome: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical
Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
100. Progressive Systemic Sclerosis: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis,
Clinical Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
101. Polymyositis: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features,
Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
102. Seronegative Spondyloarthropathy: Epidemiology, Etiology,
Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click
here)

Immunological Aspects of Cardiac Disease

1. Basic Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
2. Antigens - Answer (click here)
3. Antibody - Answer (click here)
4. T Cells and their Receptors - Answer (click here)
5. Major Histocompatibility Complex - Answer (click here)
6. Adhesion Molecules - Answer (click here)
7. Cytokines - Answer (click here)
8. Initiation of the Immune Response - Answer (click here)
9. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
10. Functional Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
11. Tissue Damage Pathways: Hypersensitivity Reactions - Answer (click here)
12. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
13. Immunological Assays - Answer (click here)
14. Lymphocytic Assays - Answer (click here)
15. Fluorescein-Activated Cell Sorter - Answer (click here)
16. Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays - Answer (click here)
17. DNA Technology Assays - Answer (click here)
18. Immuno suppression: Immunosuppressive Drugs - Answer (click here)
19. Antibodies and Other Immunosuppressive Methods - Answer (click here)
20. Immunopotentiation - Answer (click here)
21. Cytokine Immunomodulation - Answer (click here)
22. Cellular Vaccines and Modulations There of Dendritic Cell Vaccines -
Answer (click here)
23. Non Specific Resistance - Immunological Aspects of Infection - Answer
(click here)
24. Adaptive Immunity - Answer (click here)
25. Bacterial Infection - Answer (click here)
26. Bacterial Superantigens - Answer (click here)
27. Bacterial Evasion of Immune Defense - Answer (click here)
28. Viral Infections - Answer (click here)
29. Fungal Infection - Answer (click here)
30. Parasitic Infection - Answer (click here)
31. Immunological Aspects of Immunodeficiency Diseases - Answer (click
here)
32. Defects in Anatomical or Physiological Barriers to Infection - Answer
(click here)
33. Disorders Characterized By Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
34. Clinical Manifestations of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
35. Major Categories of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
36. Defects in Cell-Mediated Immunity (T-Cell Dependent Immunity) -
Answer (click here)
37. Manifestations of T-Cell Deficiency - Answer (click here)
38. Major Categories of Combined Immunodeficiency - Answer (click here)
39. Immunological and Molecular Classification of SCID - Answer (click here)
40. Treatment of SCID - Answer (click here)
41. DiGeorge’s Syndrome (Thymic Aplasia) - Answer (click here)
42. Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
43. Neutropenia - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
44. Defects in Leucocyte Migration - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click
here)
45. Defects in Bacterial Killing - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
46. Defects in Killing of Intracellular Bacteria by Activated Macrophages -
Answer (click here)
47. Complex Immunodeficiencies Due to Miscellaneous Defects - Answer
(click here)
48. Immunodeficiencies Resulting in Defective Homeostasis of the Immune
System - Answer (click here)
49. Defects in the Cytolytic Pathway - Answer (click here)
50. Inherited Deficiency of the Complement System - Answer (click here)
51. Defects in Innate Immunity - Answer (click here)
52. Definitions and Types of Autoimmunity - Answer (click here)
53. Type II Autoimmune Reactions - Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue
Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
54. Type IIA Autoimmune Reaction: Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click
here)
55. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Graves’ Disease - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
56. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Myasthenia Gravis - Mechanisms of
 Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
57. Type III Autoimmune Reactions (Immune Complex Disease) -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury - Answer (click here)
58. Type IV Autoimmune Reactions (T-Cell Mediated) - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
59. Epidemiology of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
60. Animal Models of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
61. SLE (NZB X NZW F1, MRL, BXSB, TMPD) - Answer (click here)
62. Rheumatoid Arthritis (Collagen-Induced Arthritis, TTP Deficiency,
K/BxN Model) - Answer (click here)
63. Multiple Sclerosis (Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis) -
Answer (click here)
64. Type I Diabetes (Nonobese Diabetic Mouse Model) - Answer (click here)
65. Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis) -
Answer (click here)
66. Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
67. Treatment of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
68. B-Cell Activation and Maturation - Answer (click here)
69. Characterizing the Heterogeneity of B-CLL by Molecular and Clinical
Subtypes - Answer (click here)
70. Development of B-CLL From Normal B Lymphocytes - Answer (click here)
71. Correlations Between the Cellular and Molecular Features of the Disease
With the Clinical Course of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
72. Summary Remarks on the Development, Growth, and Evolution of B-
CLL - Answer (click here)
73. Animal Models of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
74. Clinical Implications and the Development of Novel Therapeutics -
Answer (click here)
75. Immunological and Biological Parameters of Disease - Answer (click here)
76. Animal Models of HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
77. Vaccines to Prevent HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
78. Vaccine Candidates - Immunology of HIV Infections - Answer (click here)
79. Immunological Aspects of Allergy and Anaphylaxis - Answer (click here)
80. Allergic Hypersensitivity - Answer (click here)
81. Atopy - Answer (click here)
82. Systemic Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactoid Reactions - Answer (click here)
83. Allergic Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
84. Allergic Disease of the Respiratory Tract - Answer (click here)
85. Allergic Rhinitis: Overview, Clinical Disease States, Experimental
Models - Answer (click here)
86. Allergic Asthma: Overview, Immunology, Experimental Models -
 Answer (click here)
87. Food Allergy and Intolerance: Diagnosis, Food Intolerance - Answer (click
here)
88. Skin Diseases and Allergy - Answer (click here)
89. Immunological Aspects of Skin Diseases - Answer (click here)
90. Psoriasis - Skin Diseases - Answer (click here)
91. Alopecia Areata - Answer (click here)
92. Antibody Induced Bullous Skin Lesions - Answer (click here)
93. Experimental Approaches to the Study of Autoimmune Rheumatic
Diseases - Answer (click here)
94. Types of Animal Models - Answer (click here)
95. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features,
Treatment - Answer (click here)
96. Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis - Answer (click here)
97. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis,
Clinical Features, Treatment - Answer (click here)
98. Animal Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) - Answer (click
here)
99. Sjogren’s Syndrome: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical
Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
100. Progressive Systemic Sclerosis: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis,
Clinical Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
101. Polymyositis: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features,
Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
102. Seronegative Spondyloarthropathy: Epidemiology, Etiology,
Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click
here)
103. Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
104. Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
105. Rheumatic Fever: Genetics - Answer (click here)
106. Etiologic Considerations of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
107. Animal Models of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
108. Streptococcal Vaccine Candidate - Answer (click here)
109. Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
110. Host-Parasite Interaction and Host Susceptibility of Chagas’ Disease -
Answer (click here)
111. Pathogenesis and Modulation of Immune Function - Chagas’ Disease -
Answer (click here)
112. Autoimmunity and Pathogenesis of Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
113. Molecular Mimicry in Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
114. Parasite-Directed Pathogenesis of Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
115. Myocarditis - Immune-Mediated Myocardial Diseases - Answer (click here)
116. Dilated Cardiomyopathy - Immune Mediated Myocardial Diseases -
Answer (click here)

Immunological Aspects of Chest Diseases

1. Basic Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
2. Antigens - Answer (click here)
3. Antibody - Answer (click here)
4. T Cells and their Receptors - Answer (click here)
5. Major Histocompatibility Complex - Answer (click here)
6. Adhesion Molecules - Answer (click here)
7. Cytokines - Answer (click here)
8. Initiation of the Immune Response - Answer (click here)
9. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
10. Functional Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
11. Tissue Damage Pathways: Hypersensitivity Reactions - Answer (click here)
12. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
13. Immunological Assays - Answer (click here)
14. Lymphocytic Assays - Answer (click here)
15. Fluorescein-Activated Cell Sorter - Answer (click here)
16. Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays - Answer (click here)
17. DNA Technology Assays - Answer (click here)
18. Immuno suppression: Immunosuppressive Drugs - Answer (click here)
19. Antibodies and Other Immunosuppressive Methods - Answer (click here)
20. Immunopotentiation - Answer (click here)
21. Cytokine Immunomodulation - Answer (click here)
22. Cellular Vaccines and Modulations There of Dendritic Cell Vaccines -
Answer (click here)
23. Non Specific Resistance - Immunological Aspects of Infection - Answer
(click here)
24. Adaptive Immunity - Answer (click here)
25. Bacterial Infection - Answer (click here)
26. Bacterial Superantigens - Answer (click here)
27. Bacterial Evasion of Immune Defense - Answer (click here)
28. Viral Infections - Answer (click here)
29. Fungal Infection - Answer (click here)
30. Parasitic Infection - Answer (click here)
31. Immunological Aspects of Immunodeficiency Diseases - Answer (click
here)
32. Defects in Anatomical or Physiological Barriers to Infection - Answer
(click here)
33. Disorders Characterized By Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
34. Clinical Manifestations of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
35. Major Categories of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
36. Defects in Cell-Mediated Immunity (T-Cell Dependent Immunity) -
Answer (click here)
37. Manifestations of T-Cell Deficiency - Answer (click here)
38. Major Categories of Combined Immunodeficiency - Answer (click here)
39. Immunological and Molecular Classification of SCID - Answer (click here)
40. Treatment of SCID - Answer (click here)
41. DiGeorge’s Syndrome (Thymic Aplasia) - Answer (click here)
42. Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
43. Neutropenia - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
44. Defects in Leucocyte Migration - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click
here)
45. Defects in Bacterial Killing - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
46. Defects in Killing of Intracellular Bacteria by Activated Macrophages -
Answer (click here)
47. Complex Immunodeficiencies Due to Miscellaneous Defects - Answer
(click here)
48. Immunodeficiencies Resulting in Defective Homeostasis of the Immune
System - Answer (click here)
49. Defects in the Cytolytic Pathway - Answer (click here)
50. Inherited Deficiency of the Complement System - Answer (click here)
51. Defects in Innate Immunity - Answer (click here)
52. Definitions and Types of Autoimmunity - Answer (click here)
53. Type II Autoimmune Reactions - Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue
Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
54. Type IIA Autoimmune Reaction: Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click
here)
55. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Graves’ Disease - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
56. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Myasthenia Gravis - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
57. Type III Autoimmune Reactions (Immune Complex Disease) -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury - Answer (click here)
58. Type IV Autoimmune Reactions (T-Cell Mediated) - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
59. Epidemiology of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
60. Animal Models of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
61. SLE (NZB X NZW F1, MRL, BXSB, TMPD) - Answer (click here)
62. Rheumatoid Arthritis (Collagen-Induced Arthritis, TTP Deficiency,
K/BxN Model) - Answer (click here)
63. Multiple Sclerosis (Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis) -
Answer (click here)
64. Type I Diabetes (Nonobese Diabetic Mouse Model) - Answer (click here)
65. Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis) -
Answer (click here)
66. Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
67. Treatment of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
68. B-Cell Activation and Maturation - Answer (click here)
69. Characterizing the Heterogeneity of B-CLL by Molecular and Clinical
Subtypes - Answer (click here)
70. Development of B-CLL From Normal B Lymphocytes - Answer (click here)
71. Correlations Between the Cellular and Molecular Features of the Disease
With the Clinical Course of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
72. Summary Remarks on the Development, Growth, and Evolution of B-
CLL - Answer (click here)
73. Animal Models of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
74. Clinical Implications and the Development of Novel Therapeutics -
Answer (click here)
75. Immunological and Biological Parameters of Disease - Answer (click here)
76. Animal Models of HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
77. Vaccines to Prevent HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
78. Vaccine Candidates - Immunology of HIV Infections - Answer (click here)
79. Immunological Aspects of Allergy and Anaphylaxis - Answer (click here)
80. Allergic Hypersensitivity - Answer (click here)
81. Atopy - Answer (click here)
82. Systemic Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactoid Reactions - Answer (click here)
83. Allergic Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
84. Allergic Disease of the Respiratory Tract - Answer (click here)
85. Allergic Rhinitis: Overview, Clinical Disease States, Experimental
Models - Answer (click here)
86. Allergic Asthma: Overview, Immunology, Experimental Models -
Answer (click here)
87. Food Allergy and Intolerance: Diagnosis, Food Intolerance - Answer (click
here)
88. Skin Diseases and Allergy - Answer (click here)
89. Immunological Aspects of Skin Diseases - Answer (click here)
90. Psoriasis - Skin Diseases - Answer (click here)
91. Alopecia Areata - Answer (click here)
92. Antibody Induced Bullous Skin Lesions - Answer (click here)
 93. Experimental Approaches to the Study of Autoimmune Rheumatic
Diseases - Answer (click here)
94. Types of Animal Models - Answer (click here)
95. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features,
Treatment - Answer (click here)
96. Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis - Answer (click here)
97. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis,
Clinical Features, Treatment - Answer (click here)
98. Animal Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) - Answer (click
here)
99. Sjogren’s Syndrome: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical
Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
100. Progressive Systemic Sclerosis: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis,
Clinical Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
101. Polymyositis: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features,
Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
102. Seronegative Spondyloarthropathy: Epidemiology, Etiology,
Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click
here)
103. Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
104. Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
105. Rheumatic Fever: Genetics - Answer (click here)
106. Etiologic Considerations of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
107. Animal Models of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
108. Streptococcal Vaccine Candidate - Answer (click here)
109. Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
110. Host-Parasite Interaction and Host Susceptibility of Chagas’ Disease -
Answer (click here)
111. Pathogenesis and Modulation of Immune Function - Chagas’ Disease -
Answer (click here)
112. Autoimmunity and Pathogenesis of Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
113. Molecular Mimicry in Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
114. Parasite-Directed Pathogenesis of Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
115. Myocarditis - Immune-Mediated Myocardial Diseases - Answer (click here)
116. Dilated Cardiomyopathy - Immune Mediated Myocardial Diseases -
Answer (click here)
117. Immunological Aspects of Chest Diseases: The Case of Tuberculosis -
Answer (click here)
118. Epidemiology - Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
119. TB and AIDS - Answer (click here)
120. Clinical Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
121. Experimental Studies of Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
122. The Mouse Model of Chronic Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
123. Host-Pathogen Interactions in TB - Answer (click here)

Immunological Aspects of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease

1. Basic Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
2. Antigens - Answer (click here)
3. Antibody - Answer (click here)
4. T Cells and their Receptors - Answer (click here)
5. Major Histocompatibility Complex - Answer (click here)
6. Adhesion Molecules - Answer (click here)
7. Cytokines - Answer (click here)
8. Initiation of the Immune Response - Answer (click here)
9. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
10. Functional Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
11. Tissue Damage Pathways: Hypersensitivity Reactions - Answer (click here)
12. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
13. Immunological Assays - Answer (click here)
14. Lymphocytic Assays - Answer (click here)
15. Fluorescein-Activated Cell Sorter - Answer (click here)
16. Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays - Answer (click here)
17. DNA Technology Assays - Answer (click here)
18. Immuno suppression: Immunosuppressive Drugs - Answer (click here)
19. Antibodies and Other Immunosuppressive Methods - Answer (click here)
20. Immunopotentiation - Answer (click here)
21. Cytokine Immunomodulation - Answer (click here)
22. Cellular Vaccines and Modulations There of Dendritic Cell Vaccines -
Answer (click here)
23. Non Specific Resistance - Immunological Aspects of Infection - Answer
(click here)
24. Adaptive Immunity - Answer (click here)
25. Bacterial Infection - Answer (click here)
26. Bacterial Superantigens - Answer (click here)
27. Bacterial Evasion of Immune Defense - Answer (click here)
28. Viral Infections - Answer (click here)
29. Fungal Infection - Answer (click here)
30. Parasitic Infection - Answer (click here)
31. Immunological Aspects of Immunodeficiency Diseases - Answer (click
here)
32. Defects in Anatomical or Physiological Barriers to Infection - Answer
 (click here)
33. Disorders Characterized By Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
34. Clinical Manifestations of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
35. Major Categories of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
36. Defects in Cell-Mediated Immunity (T-Cell Dependent Immunity) -
Answer (click here)
37. Manifestations of T-Cell Deficiency - Answer (click here)
38. Major Categories of Combined Immunodeficiency - Answer (click here)
39. Immunological and Molecular Classification of SCID - Answer (click here)
40. Treatment of SCID - Answer (click here)
41. DiGeorge’s Syndrome (Thymic Aplasia) - Answer (click here)
42. Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
43. Neutropenia - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
44. Defects in Leucocyte Migration - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click
here)
45. Defects in Bacterial Killing - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
46. Defects in Killing of Intracellular Bacteria by Activated Macrophages -
Answer (click here)
47. Complex Immunodeficiencies Due to Miscellaneous Defects - Answer
(click here)
48. Immunodeficiencies Resulting in Defective Homeostasis of the Immune
System - Answer (click here)
49. Defects in the Cytolytic Pathway - Answer (click here)
50. Inherited Deficiency of the Complement System - Answer (click here)
51. Defects in Innate Immunity - Answer (click here)
52. Definitions and Types of Autoimmunity - Answer (click here)
53. Type II Autoimmune Reactions - Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue
Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
54. Type IIA Autoimmune Reaction: Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click
here)
55. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Graves’ Disease - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
56. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Myasthenia Gravis - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
57. Type III Autoimmune Reactions (Immune Complex Disease) -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury - Answer (click here)
58. Type IV Autoimmune Reactions (T-Cell Mediated) - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
59. Epidemiology of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
60. Animal Models of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
61. SLE (NZB X NZW F1, MRL, BXSB, TMPD) - Answer (click here)
62. Rheumatoid Arthritis (Collagen-Induced Arthritis, TTP Deficiency,
K/BxN Model) - Answer (click here)
63. Multiple Sclerosis (Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis) -
Answer (click here)
64. Type I Diabetes (Nonobese Diabetic Mouse Model) - Answer (click here)
65. Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis) -
Answer (click here)
66. Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
67. Treatment of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
68. B-Cell Activation and Maturation - Answer (click here)
69. Characterizing the Heterogeneity of B-CLL by Molecular and Clinical
Subtypes - Answer (click here)
70. Development of B-CLL From Normal B Lymphocytes - Answer (click here)
71. Correlations Between the Cellular and Molecular Features of the Disease
With the Clinical Course of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
72. Summary Remarks on the Development, Growth, and Evolution of B-
CLL - Answer (click here)
73. Animal Models of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
74. Clinical Implications and the Development of Novel Therapeutics -
Answer (click here)
75. Immunological and Biological Parameters of Disease - Answer (click here)
76. Animal Models of HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
77. Vaccines to Prevent HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
78. Vaccine Candidates - Immunology of HIV Infections - Answer (click here)
79. Immunological Aspects of Allergy and Anaphylaxis - Answer (click here)
80. Allergic Hypersensitivity - Answer (click here)
81. Atopy - Answer (click here)
82. Systemic Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactoid Reactions - Answer (click here)
83. Allergic Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
84. Allergic Disease of the Respiratory Tract - Answer (click here)
85. Allergic Rhinitis: Overview, Clinical Disease States, Experimental
Models - Answer (click here)
86. Allergic Asthma: Overview, Immunology, Experimental Models -
Answer (click here)
87. Food Allergy and Intolerance: Diagnosis, Food Intolerance - Answer (click
here)
88. Skin Diseases and Allergy - Answer (click here)
89. Immunological Aspects of Skin Diseases - Answer (click here)
90. Psoriasis - Skin Diseases - Answer (click here)
91. Alopecia Areata - Answer (click here)
 92. Antibody Induced Bullous Skin Lesions - Answer (click here)
93. Experimental Approaches to the Study of Autoimmune Rheumatic
Diseases - Answer (click here)
94. Types of Animal Models - Answer (click here)
95. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features,
Treatment - Answer (click here)
96. Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis - Answer (click here)
97. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis,
Clinical Features, Treatment - Answer (click here)
98. Animal Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) - Answer (click
here)
99. Sjogren’s Syndrome: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical
Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
100. Progressive Systemic Sclerosis: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis,
Clinical Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
101. Polymyositis: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features,
Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
102. Seronegative Spondyloarthropathy: Epidemiology, Etiology,
Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click
here)
103. Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
104. Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
105. Rheumatic Fever: Genetics - Answer (click here)
106. Etiologic Considerations of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
107. Animal Models of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
108. Streptococcal Vaccine Candidate - Answer (click here)
109. Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
110. Host-Parasite Interaction and Host Susceptibility of Chagas’ Disease -
Answer (click here)
111. Pathogenesis and Modulation of Immune Function - Chagas’ Disease -
Answer (click here)
112. Autoimmunity and Pathogenesis of Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
113. Molecular Mimicry in Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
114. Parasite-Directed Pathogenesis of Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
115. Myocarditis - Immune-Mediated Myocardial Diseases - Answer (click here)
116. Dilated Cardiomyopathy - Immune Mediated Myocardial Diseases -
Answer (click here)
117. Immunological Aspects of Chest Diseases: The Case of Tuberculosis -
Answer (click here)
118. Epidemiology - Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
119. TB and AIDS - Answer (click here)
120. Clinical Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
121. Experimental Studies of Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
122. The Mouse Model of Chronic Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
123. Host-Pathogen Interactions in TB - Answer (click here)
124. Mucosal Immunity - Answer (click here)
125. Pernicious Anemia - Immune Mediated Diseases of the Gastrointestinal
Tract - Answer (click here)
126. Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy - Immune Mediated Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal Tract - Answer (click here)
127. Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Immune Mediated Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal Tract - Answer (click here)
128. Liver Immunology - Answer (click here)
129. Hepatitis B - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
130. Hepatitis C - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
131. Other Hepatitis Viruses - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
132. Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
133. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
134. Autoimmune Hepatitis - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)

Immunological Aspects of Endocrine Disease

1. Basic Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
2. Antigens - Answer (click here)
3. Antibody - Answer (click here)
4. T Cells and their Receptors - Answer (click here)
5. Major Histocompatibility Complex - Answer (click here)
6. Adhesion Molecules - Answer (click here)
7. Cytokines - Answer (click here)
8. Initiation of the Immune Response - Answer (click here)
9. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
10. Functional Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
11. Tissue Damage Pathways: Hypersensitivity Reactions - Answer (click here)
12. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
13. Immunological Assays - Answer (click here)
14. Lymphocytic Assays - Answer (click here)
15. Fluorescein-Activated Cell Sorter - Answer (click here)
16. Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays - Answer (click here)
17. DNA Technology Assays - Answer (click here)
18. Immuno suppression: Immunosuppressive Drugs - Answer (click here)
19. Antibodies and Other Immunosuppressive Methods - Answer (click here)
20. Immunopotentiation - Answer (click here)
21. Cytokine Immunomodulation - Answer (click here)
22. Cellular Vaccines and Modulations There of Dendritic Cell Vaccines -
Answer (click here)
23. Non Specific Resistance - Immunological Aspects of Infection - Answer
(click here)
24. Adaptive Immunity - Answer (click here)
25. Bacterial Infection - Answer (click here)
26. Bacterial Superantigens - Answer (click here)
27. Bacterial Evasion of Immune Defense - Answer (click here)
28. Viral Infections - Answer (click here)
29. Fungal Infection - Answer (click here)
30. Parasitic Infection - Answer (click here)
31. Immunological Aspects of Immunodeficiency Diseases - Answer (click
here)
32. Defects in Anatomical or Physiological Barriers to Infection - Answer
(click here)
33. Disorders Characterized By Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
34. Clinical Manifestations of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
35. Major Categories of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
36. Defects in Cell-Mediated Immunity (T-Cell Dependent Immunity) -
Answer (click here)
37. Manifestations of T-Cell Deficiency - Answer (click here)
38. Major Categories of Combined Immunodeficiency - Answer (click here)
39. Immunological and Molecular Classification of SCID - Answer (click here)
40. Treatment of SCID - Answer (click here)
41. DiGeorge’s Syndrome (Thymic Aplasia) - Answer (click here)
42. Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
43. Neutropenia - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
44. Defects in Leucocyte Migration - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click
here)
45. Defects in Bacterial Killing - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
46. Defects in Killing of Intracellular Bacteria by Activated Macrophages -
Answer (click here)
47. Complex Immunodeficiencies Due to Miscellaneous Defects - Answer
(click here)
48. Immunodeficiencies Resulting in Defective Homeostasis of the Immune
System - Answer (click here)
49. Defects in the Cytolytic Pathway - Answer (click here)
50. Inherited Deficiency of the Complement System - Answer (click here)
51. Defects in Innate Immunity - Answer (click here)
52. Definitions and Types of Autoimmunity - Answer (click here)
53. Type II Autoimmune Reactions - Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue
 Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
54. Type IIA Autoimmune Reaction: Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click
here)
55. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Graves’ Disease - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
56. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Myasthenia Gravis - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
57. Type III Autoimmune Reactions (Immune Complex Disease) -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury - Answer (click here)
58. Type IV Autoimmune Reactions (T-Cell Mediated) - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
59. Epidemiology of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
60. Animal Models of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
61. SLE (NZB X NZW F1, MRL, BXSB, TMPD) - Answer (click here)
62. Rheumatoid Arthritis (Collagen-Induced Arthritis, TTP Deficiency,
K/BxN Model) - Answer (click here)
63. Multiple Sclerosis (Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis) -
Answer (click here)
64. Type I Diabetes (Nonobese Diabetic Mouse Model) - Answer (click here)
65. Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis) -
Answer (click here)
66. Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
67. Treatment of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
68. B-Cell Activation and Maturation - Answer (click here)
69. Characterizing the Heterogeneity of B-CLL by Molecular and Clinical
Subtypes - Answer (click here)
70. Development of B-CLL From Normal B Lymphocytes - Answer (click here)
71. Correlations Between the Cellular and Molecular Features of the Disease
With the Clinical Course of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
72. Summary Remarks on the Development, Growth, and Evolution of B-
CLL - Answer (click here)
73. Animal Models of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
74. Clinical Implications and the Development of Novel Therapeutics -
Answer (click here)
75. Immunological and Biological Parameters of Disease - Answer (click here)
76. Animal Models of HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
77. Vaccines to Prevent HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
78. Vaccine Candidates - Immunology of HIV Infections - Answer (click here)
79. Immunological Aspects of Allergy and Anaphylaxis - Answer (click here)
80. Allergic Hypersensitivity - Answer (click here)
 81. Atopy - Answer (click here)
82. Systemic Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactoid Reactions - Answer (click here)
83. Allergic Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
84. Allergic Disease of the Respiratory Tract - Answer (click here)
85. Allergic Rhinitis: Overview, Clinical Disease States, Experimental
Models - Answer (click here)
86. Allergic Asthma: Overview, Immunology, Experimental Models -
Answer (click here)
87. Food Allergy and Intolerance: Diagnosis, Food Intolerance - Answer (click
here)
88. Skin Diseases and Allergy - Answer (click here)
89. Immunological Aspects of Skin Diseases - Answer (click here)
90. Psoriasis - Skin Diseases - Answer (click here)
91. Alopecia Areata - Answer (click here)
92. Antibody Induced Bullous Skin Lesions - Answer (click here)
93. Experimental Approaches to the Study of Autoimmune Rheumatic
Diseases - Answer (click here)
94. Types of Animal Models - Answer (click here)
95. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features,
Treatment - Answer (click here)
96. Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis - Answer (click here)
97. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis,
Clinical Features, Treatment - Answer (click here)
98. Animal Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) - Answer (click
here)
99. Sjogren’s Syndrome: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical
Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
100. Progressive Systemic Sclerosis: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis,
Clinical Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
101. Polymyositis: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features,
Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
102. Seronegative Spondyloarthropathy: Epidemiology, Etiology,
Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click
here)
103. Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
104. Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
105. Rheumatic Fever: Genetics - Answer (click here)
106. Etiologic Considerations of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
107. Animal Models of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
108. Streptococcal Vaccine Candidate - Answer (click here)
109. Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
110. Host-Parasite Interaction and Host Susceptibility of Chagas’ Disease -
Answer (click here)
111. Pathogenesis and Modulation of Immune Function - Chagas’ Disease -
Answer (click here)
112. Autoimmunity and Pathogenesis of Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
113. Molecular Mimicry in Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
114. Parasite-Directed Pathogenesis of Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
115. Myocarditis - Immune-Mediated Myocardial Diseases - Answer (click here)
116. Dilated Cardiomyopathy - Immune Mediated Myocardial Diseases -
Answer (click here)
117. Immunological Aspects of Chest Diseases: The Case of Tuberculosis -
Answer (click here)
118. Epidemiology - Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
119. TB and AIDS - Answer (click here)
120. Clinical Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
121. Experimental Studies of Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
122. The Mouse Model of Chronic Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
123. Host-Pathogen Interactions in TB - Answer (click here)
124. Mucosal Immunity - Answer (click here)
125. Pernicious Anemia - Immune Mediated Diseases of the Gastrointestinal
Tract - Answer (click here)
126. Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy - Immune Mediated Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal Tract - Answer (click here)
127. Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Immune Mediated Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal Tract - Answer (click here)
128. Liver Immunology - Answer (click here)
129. Hepatitis B - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
130. Hepatitis C - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
131. Other Hepatitis Viruses - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
132. Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
133. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
134. Autoimmune Hepatitis - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
135. Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
136. Animal Models of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click
here)
137. Β-Cell Lesion: Nature of Effector Cells - Insulin Dependent Diabetes
Mellitus - Answer (click here)
138. Rupture of Tolerance to Β-Cell Antigens - Insulin Dependent Diabetes
Mellitus - Answer (click here)
139. Etiology of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
140. Clinical Considerations of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer
 (click here)

Immune Mediated Neurological Syndromes

1. Basic Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
2. Antigens - Answer (click here)
3. Antibody - Answer (click here)
4. T Cells and their Receptors - Answer (click here)
5. Major Histocompatibility Complex - Answer (click here)
6. Adhesion Molecules - Answer (click here)
7. Cytokines - Answer (click here)
8. Initiation of the Immune Response - Answer (click here)
9. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
10. Functional Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
11. Tissue Damage Pathways: Hypersensitivity Reactions - Answer (click here)
12. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
13. Immunological Assays - Answer (click here)
14. Lymphocytic Assays - Answer (click here)
15. Fluorescein-Activated Cell Sorter - Answer (click here)
16. Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays - Answer (click here)
17. DNA Technology Assays - Answer (click here)
18. Immuno suppression: Immunosuppressive Drugs - Answer (click here)
19. Antibodies and Other Immunosuppressive Methods - Answer (click here)
20. Immunopotentiation - Answer (click here)
21. Cytokine Immunomodulation - Answer (click here)
22. Cellular Vaccines and Modulations There of Dendritic Cell Vaccines -
Answer (click here)
23. Non Specific Resistance - Immunological Aspects of Infection - Answer
(click here)
24. Adaptive Immunity - Answer (click here)
25. Bacterial Infection - Answer (click here)
26. Bacterial Superantigens - Answer (click here)
27. Bacterial Evasion of Immune Defense - Answer (click here)
28. Viral Infections - Answer (click here)
29. Fungal Infection - Answer (click here)
30. Parasitic Infection - Answer (click here)
31. Immunological Aspects of Immunodeficiency Diseases - Answer (click
here)
32. Defects in Anatomical or Physiological Barriers to Infection - Answer
(click here)
33. Disorders Characterized By Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
34. Clinical Manifestations of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
35. Major Categories of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
36. Defects in Cell-Mediated Immunity (T-Cell Dependent Immunity) -
Answer (click here)
37. Manifestations of T-Cell Deficiency - Answer (click here)
38. Major Categories of Combined Immunodeficiency - Answer (click here)
39. Immunological and Molecular Classification of SCID - Answer (click here)
40. Treatment of SCID - Answer (click here)
41. DiGeorge’s Syndrome (Thymic Aplasia) - Answer (click here)
42. Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
43. Neutropenia - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
44. Defects in Leucocyte Migration - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click
here)
45. Defects in Bacterial Killing - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
46. Defects in Killing of Intracellular Bacteria by Activated Macrophages -
Answer (click here)
47. Complex Immunodeficiencies Due to Miscellaneous Defects - Answer
(click here)
48. Immunodeficiencies Resulting in Defective Homeostasis of the Immune
System - Answer (click here)
49. Defects in the Cytolytic Pathway - Answer (click here)
50. Inherited Deficiency of the Complement System - Answer (click here)
51. Defects in Innate Immunity - Answer (click here)
52. Definitions and Types of Autoimmunity - Answer (click here)
53. Type II Autoimmune Reactions - Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue
Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
54. Type IIA Autoimmune Reaction: Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click
here)
55. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Graves’ Disease - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
56. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Myasthenia Gravis - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
57. Type III Autoimmune Reactions (Immune Complex Disease) -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury - Answer (click here)
58. Type IV Autoimmune Reactions (T-Cell Mediated) - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
59. Epidemiology of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
60. Animal Models of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
61. SLE (NZB X NZW F1, MRL, BXSB, TMPD) - Answer (click here)
62. Rheumatoid Arthritis (Collagen-Induced Arthritis, TTP Deficiency,
K/BxN Model) - Answer (click here)
63. Multiple Sclerosis (Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis) -
Answer (click here)
64. Type I Diabetes (Nonobese Diabetic Mouse Model) - Answer (click here)
65. Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis) -
Answer (click here)
66. Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
67. Treatment of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
68. B-Cell Activation and Maturation - Answer (click here)
69. Characterizing the Heterogeneity of B-CLL by Molecular and Clinical
Subtypes - Answer (click here)
70. Development of B-CLL From Normal B Lymphocytes - Answer (click here)
71. Correlations Between the Cellular and Molecular Features of the Disease
With the Clinical Course of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
72. Summary Remarks on the Development, Growth, and Evolution of B-
CLL - Answer (click here)
73. Animal Models of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
74. Clinical Implications and the Development of Novel Therapeutics -
Answer (click here)
75. Immunological and Biological Parameters of Disease - Answer (click here)
76. Animal Models of HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
77. Vaccines to Prevent HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
78. Vaccine Candidates - Immunology of HIV Infections - Answer (click here)
79. Immunological Aspects of Allergy and Anaphylaxis - Answer (click here)
80. Allergic Hypersensitivity - Answer (click here)
81. Atopy - Answer (click here)
82. Systemic Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactoid Reactions - Answer (click here)
83. Allergic Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
84. Allergic Disease of the Respiratory Tract - Answer (click here)
85. Allergic Rhinitis: Overview, Clinical Disease States, Experimental
Models - Answer (click here)
86. Allergic Asthma: Overview, Immunology, Experimental Models -
Answer (click here)
87. Food Allergy and Intolerance: Diagnosis, Food Intolerance - Answer (click
here)
88. Skin Diseases and Allergy - Answer (click here)
89. Immunological Aspects of Skin Diseases - Answer (click here)
90. Psoriasis - Skin Diseases - Answer (click here)
91. Alopecia Areata - Answer (click here)
92. Antibody Induced Bullous Skin Lesions - Answer (click here)
93. Experimental Approaches to the Study of Autoimmune Rheumatic
Diseases - Answer (click here)
 94. Types of Animal Models - Answer (click here)
95. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features,
Treatment - Answer (click here)
96. Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis - Answer (click here)
97. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis,
Clinical Features, Treatment - Answer (click here)
98. Animal Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) - Answer (click
here)
99. Sjogren’s Syndrome: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical
Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
100. Progressive Systemic Sclerosis: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis,
Clinical Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
101. Polymyositis: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features,
Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
102. Seronegative Spondyloarthropathy: Epidemiology, Etiology,
Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click
here)
103. Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
104. Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
105. Rheumatic Fever: Genetics - Answer (click here)
106. Etiologic Considerations of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
107. Animal Models of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
108. Streptococcal Vaccine Candidate - Answer (click here)
109. Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
110. Host-Parasite Interaction and Host Susceptibility of Chagas’ Disease -
Answer (click here)
111. Pathogenesis and Modulation of Immune Function - Chagas’ Disease -
Answer (click here)
112. Autoimmunity and Pathogenesis of Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
113. Molecular Mimicry in Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
114. Parasite-Directed Pathogenesis of Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
115. Myocarditis - Immune-Mediated Myocardial Diseases - Answer (click here)
116. Dilated Cardiomyopathy - Immune Mediated Myocardial Diseases -
Answer (click here)
117. Immunological Aspects of Chest Diseases: The Case of Tuberculosis -
Answer (click here)
118. Epidemiology - Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
119. TB and AIDS - Answer (click here)
120. Clinical Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
121. Experimental Studies of Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
122. The Mouse Model of Chronic Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
123. Host-Pathogen Interactions in TB - Answer (click here)
124. Mucosal Immunity - Answer (click here)
125. Pernicious Anemia - Immune Mediated Diseases of the Gastrointestinal
Tract - Answer (click here)
126. Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy - Immune Mediated Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal Tract - Answer (click here)
127. Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Immune Mediated Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal Tract - Answer (click here)
128. Liver Immunology - Answer (click here)
129. Hepatitis B - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
130. Hepatitis C - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
131. Other Hepatitis Viruses - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
132. Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
133. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
134. Autoimmune Hepatitis - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
135. Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
136. Animal Models of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click
here)
137. Β-Cell Lesion: Nature of Effector Cells - Insulin Dependent Diabetes
Mellitus - Answer (click here)
138. Rupture of Tolerance to Β-Cell Antigens - Insulin Dependent Diabetes
Mellitus - Answer (click here)
139. Etiology of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
140. Clinical Considerations of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer
(click here)
141. Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
142. Guillain-Barré Syndrome - Answer (click here)
143. Myasthenia Gravis - Answer (click here)
144. Central Nervous System Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Answer (click
here)
145. Animal Models of Central Nervous System - Answer (click here)

Immunological Aspects of Renal Disease

1. Basic Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
2. Antigens - Answer (click here)
3. Antibody - Answer (click here)
4. T Cells and their Receptors - Answer (click here)
5. Major Histocompatibility Complex - Answer (click here)
6. Adhesion Molecules - Answer (click here)
7. Cytokines - Answer (click here)
 8. Initiation of the Immune Response - Answer (click here)
9. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
10. Functional Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
11. Tissue Damage Pathways: Hypersensitivity Reactions - Answer (click here)
12. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
13. Immunological Assays - Answer (click here)
14. Lymphocytic Assays - Answer (click here)
15. Fluorescein-Activated Cell Sorter - Answer (click here)
16. Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays - Answer (click here)
17. DNA Technology Assays - Answer (click here)
18. Immuno suppression: Immunosuppressive Drugs - Answer (click here)
19. Antibodies and Other Immunosuppressive Methods - Answer (click here)
20. Immunopotentiation - Answer (click here)
21. Cytokine Immunomodulation - Answer (click here)
22. Cellular Vaccines and Modulations There of Dendritic Cell Vaccines -
Answer (click here)
23. Non Specific Resistance - Immunological Aspects of Infection - Answer
(click here)
24. Adaptive Immunity - Answer (click here)
25. Bacterial Infection - Answer (click here)
26. Bacterial Superantigens - Answer (click here)
27. Bacterial Evasion of Immune Defense - Answer (click here)
28. Viral Infections - Answer (click here)
29. Fungal Infection - Answer (click here)
30. Parasitic Infection - Answer (click here)
31. Immunological Aspects of Immunodeficiency Diseases - Answer (click
here)
32. Defects in Anatomical or Physiological Barriers to Infection - Answer
(click here)
33. Disorders Characterized By Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
34. Clinical Manifestations of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
35. Major Categories of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
36. Defects in Cell-Mediated Immunity (T-Cell Dependent Immunity) -
Answer (click here)
37. Manifestations of T-Cell Deficiency - Answer (click here)
38. Major Categories of Combined Immunodeficiency - Answer (click here)
39. Immunological and Molecular Classification of SCID - Answer (click here)
40. Treatment of SCID - Answer (click here)
41. DiGeorge’s Syndrome (Thymic Aplasia) - Answer (click here)
42. Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
43. Neutropenia - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
44. Defects in Leucocyte Migration - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click
here)
45. Defects in Bacterial Killing - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
46. Defects in Killing of Intracellular Bacteria by Activated Macrophages -
Answer (click here)
47. Complex Immunodeficiencies Due to Miscellaneous Defects - Answer
(click here)
48. Immunodeficiencies Resulting in Defective Homeostasis of the Immune
System - Answer (click here)
49. Defects in the Cytolytic Pathway - Answer (click here)
50. Inherited Deficiency of the Complement System - Answer (click here)
51. Defects in Innate Immunity - Answer (click here)
52. Definitions and Types of Autoimmunity - Answer (click here)
53. Type II Autoimmune Reactions - Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue
Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
54. Type IIA Autoimmune Reaction: Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click
here)
55. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Graves’ Disease - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
56. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Myasthenia Gravis - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
57. Type III Autoimmune Reactions (Immune Complex Disease) -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury - Answer (click here)
58. Type IV Autoimmune Reactions (T-Cell Mediated) - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
59. Epidemiology of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
60. Animal Models of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
61. SLE (NZB X NZW F1, MRL, BXSB, TMPD) - Answer (click here)
62. Rheumatoid Arthritis (Collagen-Induced Arthritis, TTP Deficiency,
K/BxN Model) - Answer (click here)
63. Multiple Sclerosis (Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis) -
Answer (click here)
64. Type I Diabetes (Nonobese Diabetic Mouse Model) - Answer (click here)
65. Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis) -
Answer (click here)
66. Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
67. Treatment of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
68. B-Cell Activation and Maturation - Answer (click here)
69. Characterizing the Heterogeneity of B-CLL by Molecular and Clinical
Subtypes - Answer (click here)
70. Development of B-CLL From Normal B Lymphocytes - Answer (click here)
71. Correlations Between the Cellular and Molecular Features of the Disease
With the Clinical Course of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
72. Summary Remarks on the Development, Growth, and Evolution of B-
CLL - Answer (click here)
73. Animal Models of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
74. Clinical Implications and the Development of Novel Therapeutics -
Answer (click here)
75. Immunological and Biological Parameters of Disease - Answer (click here)
76. Animal Models of HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
77. Vaccines to Prevent HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
78. Vaccine Candidates - Immunology of HIV Infections - Answer (click here)
79. Immunological Aspects of Allergy and Anaphylaxis - Answer (click here)
80. Allergic Hypersensitivity - Answer (click here)
81. Atopy - Answer (click here)
82. Systemic Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactoid Reactions - Answer (click here)
83. Allergic Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
84. Allergic Disease of the Respiratory Tract - Answer (click here)
85. Allergic Rhinitis: Overview, Clinical Disease States, Experimental
Models - Answer (click here)
86. Allergic Asthma: Overview, Immunology, Experimental Models -
Answer (click here)
87. Food Allergy and Intolerance: Diagnosis, Food Intolerance - Answer (click
here)
88. Skin Diseases and Allergy - Answer (click here)
89. Immunological Aspects of Skin Diseases - Answer (click here)
90. Psoriasis - Skin Diseases - Answer (click here)
91. Alopecia Areata - Answer (click here)
92. Antibody Induced Bullous Skin Lesions - Answer (click here)
93. Experimental Approaches to the Study of Autoimmune Rheumatic
Diseases - Answer (click here)
94. Types of Animal Models - Answer (click here)
95. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features,
Treatment - Answer (click here)
96. Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis - Answer (click here)
97. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis,
Clinical Features, Treatment - Answer (click here)
98. Animal Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) - Answer (click
here)
99. Sjogren’s Syndrome: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical
Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
100. Progressive Systemic Sclerosis: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis,
Clinical Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
101. Polymyositis: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features,
Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
102. Seronegative Spondyloarthropathy: Epidemiology, Etiology,
Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click
here)
103. Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
104. Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
105. Rheumatic Fever: Genetics - Answer (click here)
106. Etiologic Considerations of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
107. Animal Models of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
108. Streptococcal Vaccine Candidate - Answer (click here)
109. Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
110. Host-Parasite Interaction and Host Susceptibility of Chagas’ Disease -
Answer (click here)
111. Pathogenesis and Modulation of Immune Function - Chagas’ Disease -
Answer (click here)
112. Autoimmunity and Pathogenesis of Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
113. Molecular Mimicry in Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
114. Parasite-Directed Pathogenesis of Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
115. Myocarditis - Immune-Mediated Myocardial Diseases - Answer (click here)
116. Dilated Cardiomyopathy - Immune Mediated Myocardial Diseases -
Answer (click here)
117. Immunological Aspects of Chest Diseases: The Case of Tuberculosis -
Answer (click here)
118. Epidemiology - Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
119. TB and AIDS - Answer (click here)
120. Clinical Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
121. Experimental Studies of Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
122. The Mouse Model of Chronic Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
123. Host-Pathogen Interactions in TB - Answer (click here)
124. Mucosal Immunity - Answer (click here)
125. Pernicious Anemia - Immune Mediated Diseases of the Gastrointestinal
Tract - Answer (click here)
126. Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy - Immune Mediated Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal Tract - Answer (click here)
127. Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Immune Mediated Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal Tract - Answer (click here)
128. Liver Immunology - Answer (click here)
129. Hepatitis B - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
130. Hepatitis C - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
131. Other Hepatitis Viruses - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
132. Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
133. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
134. Autoimmune Hepatitis - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
135. Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
136. Animal Models of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click
here)
137. Β-Cell Lesion: Nature of Effector Cells - Insulin Dependent Diabetes
Mellitus - Answer (click here)
138. Rupture of Tolerance to Β-Cell Antigens - Insulin Dependent Diabetes
Mellitus - Answer (click here)
139. Etiology of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
140. Clinical Considerations of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer
(click here)
141. Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
142. Guillain-Barré Syndrome - Answer (click here)
143. Myasthenia Gravis - Answer (click here)
144. Central Nervous System Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Answer (click
here)
145. Animal Models of Central Nervous System - Answer (click here)
146. Immunological Aspects of Renal Disease - Answer (click here)
147. Mechanisms of Immune Injury to the Kidneys - Answer (click here)
148. Specific Immune-Related Renal Diseases: IgA Nephropathy - Answer
(click here)
149. Minimal Change Disease - Answer (click here)
150. Focal Sclerosing Glomerulosclerosis - Answer (click here)
151. Membranous Nephropathy - Answer (click here)
152. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis - Answer (click here)
153. Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis - Answer (click here)
154. Lupus Nephritis - Answer (click here)
155. Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis - Answer (click here)
156. Mixed Cryoglobulinemia - Answer (click here)

Immunological Aspects of Transplantation

1. Basic Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
2. Antigens - Answer (click here)
3. Antibody - Answer (click here)
4. T Cells and their Receptors - Answer (click here)
5. Major Histocompatibility Complex - Answer (click here)
 6. Adhesion Molecules - Answer (click here)
7. Cytokines - Answer (click here)
8. Initiation of the Immune Response - Answer (click here)
9. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
10. Functional Components of the Immune System - Answer (click here)
11. Tissue Damage Pathways: Hypersensitivity Reactions - Answer (click here)
12. Antibody Production - Answer (click here)
13. Immunological Assays - Answer (click here)
14. Lymphocytic Assays - Answer (click here)
15. Fluorescein-Activated Cell Sorter - Answer (click here)
16. Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays - Answer (click here)
17. DNA Technology Assays - Answer (click here)
18. Immuno suppression: Immunosuppressive Drugs - Answer (click here)
19. Antibodies and Other Immunosuppressive Methods - Answer (click here)
20. Immunopotentiation - Answer (click here)
21. Cytokine Immunomodulation - Answer (click here)
22. Cellular Vaccines and Modulations There of Dendritic Cell Vaccines -
Answer (click here)
23. Non Specific Resistance - Immunological Aspects of Infection - Answer
(click here)
24. Adaptive Immunity - Answer (click here)
25. Bacterial Infection - Answer (click here)
26. Bacterial Superantigens - Answer (click here)
27. Bacterial Evasion of Immune Defense - Answer (click here)
28. Viral Infections - Answer (click here)
29. Fungal Infection - Answer (click here)
30. Parasitic Infection - Answer (click here)
31. Immunological Aspects of Immunodeficiency Diseases - Answer (click
here)
32. Defects in Anatomical or Physiological Barriers to Infection - Answer
(click here)
33. Disorders Characterized By Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
34. Clinical Manifestations of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
35. Major Categories of Antibody Deficiency - Answer (click here)
36. Defects in Cell-Mediated Immunity (T-Cell Dependent Immunity) -
Answer (click here)
37. Manifestations of T-Cell Deficiency - Answer (click here)
38. Major Categories of Combined Immunodeficiency - Answer (click here)
39. Immunological and Molecular Classification of SCID - Answer (click here)
40. Treatment of SCID - Answer (click here)
41. DiGeorge’s Syndrome (Thymic Aplasia) - Answer (click here)
42. Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
43. Neutropenia - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
44. Defects in Leucocyte Migration - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click
here)
45. Defects in Bacterial Killing - Phagocyte Deficiencies - Answer (click here)
46. Defects in Killing of Intracellular Bacteria by Activated Macrophages -
Answer (click here)
47. Complex Immunodeficiencies Due to Miscellaneous Defects - Answer
(click here)
48. Immunodeficiencies Resulting in Defective Homeostasis of the Immune
System - Answer (click here)
49. Defects in the Cytolytic Pathway - Answer (click here)
50. Inherited Deficiency of the Complement System - Answer (click here)
51. Defects in Innate Immunity - Answer (click here)
52. Definitions and Types of Autoimmunity - Answer (click here)
53. Type II Autoimmune Reactions - Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue
Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
54. Type IIA Autoimmune Reaction: Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click
here)
55. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Graves’ Disease - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
56. Type IIB Hypersensitivity: Myasthenia Gravis - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
57. Type III Autoimmune Reactions (Immune Complex Disease) -
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Tissue Injury - Answer (click here)
58. Type IV Autoimmune Reactions (T-Cell Mediated) - Mechanisms of
Autoimmune Tissue Injury and Examples - Answer (click here)
59. Epidemiology of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
60. Animal Models of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
61. SLE (NZB X NZW F1, MRL, BXSB, TMPD) - Answer (click here)
62. Rheumatoid Arthritis (Collagen-Induced Arthritis, TTP Deficiency,
K/BxN Model) - Answer (click here)
63. Multiple Sclerosis (Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis) -
Answer (click here)
64. Type I Diabetes (Nonobese Diabetic Mouse Model) - Answer (click here)
65. Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis) -
Answer (click here)
66. Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
67. Treatment of Autoimmune Disease - Answer (click here)
68. B-Cell Activation and Maturation - Answer (click here)
69. Characterizing the Heterogeneity of B-CLL by Molecular and Clinical
Subtypes - Answer (click here)
70. Development of B-CLL From Normal B Lymphocytes - Answer (click here)
71. Correlations Between the Cellular and Molecular Features of the Disease
With the Clinical Course of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
72. Summary Remarks on the Development, Growth, and Evolution of B-
CLL - Answer (click here)
73. Animal Models of B-CLL - Answer (click here)
74. Clinical Implications and the Development of Novel Therapeutics -
Answer (click here)
75. Immunological and Biological Parameters of Disease - Answer (click here)
76. Animal Models of HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
77. Vaccines to Prevent HIV Infection - Answer (click here)
78. Vaccine Candidates - Immunology of HIV Infections - Answer (click here)
79. Immunological Aspects of Allergy and Anaphylaxis - Answer (click here)
80. Allergic Hypersensitivity - Answer (click here)
81. Atopy - Answer (click here)
82. Systemic Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactoid Reactions - Answer (click here)
83. Allergic Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
84. Allergic Disease of the Respiratory Tract - Answer (click here)
85. Allergic Rhinitis: Overview, Clinical Disease States, Experimental
Models - Answer (click here)
86. Allergic Asthma: Overview, Immunology, Experimental Models -
Answer (click here)
87. Food Allergy and Intolerance: Diagnosis, Food Intolerance - Answer (click
here)
88. Skin Diseases and Allergy - Answer (click here)
89. Immunological Aspects of Skin Diseases - Answer (click here)
90. Psoriasis - Skin Diseases - Answer (click here)
91. Alopecia Areata - Answer (click here)
92. Antibody Induced Bullous Skin Lesions - Answer (click here)
93. Experimental Approaches to the Study of Autoimmune Rheumatic
Diseases - Answer (click here)
94. Types of Animal Models - Answer (click here)
95. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features,
Treatment - Answer (click here)
96. Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis - Answer (click here)
97. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis,
Clinical Features, Treatment - Answer (click here)
98. Animal Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) - Answer (click
here)
 99. Sjogren’s Syndrome: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical
Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
100. Progressive Systemic Sclerosis: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis,
Clinical Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
101. Polymyositis: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features,
Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click here)
102. Seronegative Spondyloarthropathy: Epidemiology, Etiology,
Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Treatment, Animal Models - Answer (click
here)
103. Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
104. Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
105. Rheumatic Fever: Genetics - Answer (click here)
106. Etiologic Considerations of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
107. Animal Models of Rheumatic Fever - Answer (click here)
108. Streptococcal Vaccine Candidate - Answer (click here)
109. Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
110. Host-Parasite Interaction and Host Susceptibility of Chagas’ Disease -
Answer (click here)
111. Pathogenesis and Modulation of Immune Function - Chagas’ Disease -
Answer (click here)
112. Autoimmunity and Pathogenesis of Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
113. Molecular Mimicry in Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
114. Parasite-Directed Pathogenesis of Chagas’ Disease - Answer (click here)
115. Myocarditis - Immune-Mediated Myocardial Diseases - Answer (click here)
116. Dilated Cardiomyopathy - Immune Mediated Myocardial Diseases -
Answer (click here)
117. Immunological Aspects of Chest Diseases: The Case of Tuberculosis -
Answer (click here)
118. Epidemiology - Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
119. TB and AIDS - Answer (click here)
120. Clinical Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
121. Experimental Studies of Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
122. The Mouse Model of Chronic Tuberculosis - Answer (click here)
123. Host-Pathogen Interactions in TB - Answer (click here)
124. Mucosal Immunity - Answer (click here)
125. Pernicious Anemia - Immune Mediated Diseases of the Gastrointestinal
Tract - Answer (click here)
126. Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy - Immune Mediated Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal Tract - Answer (click here)
127. Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Immune Mediated Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal Tract - Answer (click here)
128. Liver Immunology - Answer (click here)
129. Hepatitis B - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
130. Hepatitis C - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
131. Other Hepatitis Viruses - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
132. Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
133. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
134. Autoimmune Hepatitis - Diseases of the Liver - Answer (click here)
135. Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
136. Animal Models of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click
here)
137. Β-Cell Lesion: Nature of Effector Cells - Insulin Dependent Diabetes
Mellitus - Answer (click here)
138. Rupture of Tolerance to Β-Cell Antigens - Insulin Dependent Diabetes
Mellitus - Answer (click here)
139. Etiology of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
140. Clinical Considerations of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - Answer
(click here)
141. Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
142. Guillain-Barré Syndrome - Answer (click here)
143. Myasthenia Gravis - Answer (click here)
144. Central Nervous System Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Answer (click
here)
145. Animal Models of Central Nervous System - Answer (click here)
146. Immunological Aspects of Renal Disease - Answer (click here)
147. Mechanisms of Immune Injury to the Kidneys - Answer (click here)
148. Specific Immune-Related Renal Diseases: IgA Nephropathy - Answer
(click here)
149. Minimal Change Disease - Answer (click here)
150. Focal Sclerosing Glomerulosclerosis - Answer (click here)
151. Membranous Nephropathy - Answer (click here)
152. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis - Answer (click here)
153. Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis - Answer (click here)
154. Lupus Nephritis - Answer (click here)
155. Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis - Answer (click here)
156. Mixed Cryoglobulinemia - Answer (click here)
157. Immunological Aspects of Transplantation - Answer (click here)
158. Immunological Considerations of Transplantation - Answer (click here)
159. Laboratory Testing for Compatibility in Transplantation - Answer (click
here)
160. Types of Solid Organ Allograft Rejection - Answer (click here)
161. Prevention and Management of Solid Organ Allograft Rejection - Answer
 (click here)
162. Solid Organ Transplantation Outcomes - Answer (click here)
163. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - Answer (click here)