Peduncle: The stalk of a flower.

Receptacle: The part of a flower stalk where the parts of the flower are attached.
Sepal: The outer parts of the flower (often green and leaf-like) that enclose a developing bud.
Petal: The parts of a flower that are often conspicuously colored.
Stamen: The pollen producing part of a flower, usually with a slender filament supporting the
anther.
Anther: The part of the stamen where pollen is produced.
Pistil: The ovule producing part of a flower. The ovary often supports a long style, topped by a
stigma. The mature ovary is a fruit, and the mature ovule is a seed.
Stigma: The part of the pistil where pollen germinates.
Ovary: The enlarged basal portion of the pistil where ovules are produced.

Flowers
Petals =Leaf-like colorful structures that surround flower attracts pollinators to
fertilize ovary.

Sepals = Leaf-like usually green and surround the flower.

Flowers contain both male and female parts.

 Stamen= Male reproductive structures – anthers produce pollen. The

filament supports the anther.
 Pistil = Female structure of flower includes the stigma, style, and the
ovary. The bottom part contains ovary which contains ovules (eggs
found here).

1.1 SEEDS
 Plant reproduction has double fertilization. One sperm fertilizes and egg to
form a zygote (seed). One sperm fertilizes a special cell producing
endosperm = food storage tissue that supports development of the seed.
Some plants use insects to transfer pollen from one flower to another
(pollination). Pollen grains from the anthers must get onto the stigma or
usually another flower. When the pollen lands on the stigma of a flower of
the same kind it will travel down the style, into the ovary and fertilize the
ovule inside. This will then grow to form another seed.

In angiospems, the fruits contain the seeds. They are produced from the
ovary of the flower. Fruits may be obvious and fleshy (apple, tomatoes,
squash) or fairly inconspicuous (peanuts, walnuts)

Seeds

 Flowering plants grow from seeds.

 Seeds are “ plant babies”
 Seeds contain a tiny, dormanat baby = a embryo plant
 Endosperm = food supply (placenta) also fund in the seed
 Seed Coat = surround the seed for protection from harsh
environment. Usually a dark brown color, which provides camouflage
1.2 GERMINATION

Germination - beginning of development of embryo of new plant. When a

seed arrives at just the right habitat, with the right amount of water and
sunlight, it will start to grow (germinate). When the seed germinates, the
food reserves inside it are turned into a form the plant embryo can use for
energy to grow. First, the root comes out of the seed coat, followed by the
shoot. The root always grows downward into the soil, while the shoot always
grows upward toward the light. The maturing shoot continues to grow
toward the light and becomes the stem, the leaves unfold to take in more
light and branches begin to appear.
1.3 SEED DISPERSAL

Dispersal of the seed is important. It needs to move away from the parent to
limit competition for sunlight, soil and water.

How?

 The seed needs to move away from parent to limit competition.

 Seeds are moved by wind, water, and animals
 Animals may eat seeds (and poo out later) or the seeds may attach to
the animals and be transported to a new location.