SelikowitzMark 2009 AppendixUsefulInterne ADHD

Appendix
All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
Useful internet sites

Unfortunately the internet contains a great deal of misinformation about
ADHD. The following sites are generally reliable:
www.chadd.org
CHADD (Children and Adults with ADHD) is a large US organization.
Their website contains a great deal of reliable information about all aspects of
ADHD. CHADD runs regular ADHD conferences in the USA.
www.add.org
The US organization, ADDA (Attention Deficit Disorder Association), has
an extensive website with reliable information. ADDA runs regular ADHD
conferences in the USA.
www.addwarehouse.com
An excellent site for those wanting to order books, videos, and tapes about
ADHD.
www.additudemag.com
The Additude magazine is an attractive and informative publication for those
with ADHD and their families. This is the website of the magazine’s publisher
and it shares the magazine’s positive tone.
www.add.about.com
A subsection of the ‘About.Inc’ website, this section is devoted to providing
information about ADHD.
www.addiss.co.uk
This is the website of ADDISS (The National Attention Deficit Disorder
Information and Support Service) in the UK. The site contains a great deal of
Copyright @ 2009. OUP Oxford.
information about conferences, support groups, and other resources in the UK.
www.chaddcanada.org
This site has a great deal of information about Canadian services.
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Index
ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity authority figures, problems with 35, 42
disorder avoiding 48, 99
ABC (antecedents, behaviour,
consequences) method 116 bad parenting, myths about 16, 39–40,
academic achievement, tests of 89–90 72, 94–5, 105–6
accident-proneness 23, 28 bed-wetting 12, 144
ADD (attention deficit disorder) 14 behaviour modification
ADD+H (attention deficit disorder + ABC (antecedents, behaviour,
hyperactivity) 14 consequences) method 116
Adderall 143, 144 arguing 41, 118
adolescence 33, 35, 68, 121, 160 choice of behaviours to tackle 120–1
adulthood 160–6 consistency 120
advantages, turning difficulties into 161 demonstrating good behaviour 116
Asperger disorder 62 discouraging undesirable
examinations and lectures, behaviour 117–20
help with 165–6 encouraging good behaviour 116–17
help for adults 15, 165–6 environment, modification of 116, 120
parents with ADHD 97 extinction 119
residual ADHD 97, 160–5 identification of behaviour 115–16
secondary problems 161–2, 165–6 ignore, pretending to 118
age 5, 13–14, 42, 89–90, 160 kinds of behaviour 115–16
aggression and anger 4, 41–2, 46, 52–4, learning difficulties 33, 35
57–8, 65, 67 low self-esteem 121
alcohol 43, 47, 66 medication 116, 120, 121, 125–6,
alternative treatments see unconventional 127, 145
treatments oppositional disorders 43
antipsychotics 63 praise 117
anti-social behaviour 12 psychologists 121
anxiety disorders 69–70 puberty, onset of 121
arguing 41, 118 rewards for good behaviour 116–17
artificial colourings, flavourings, and school 111–12
preservatives 153–4 scolding 118
Asperger disorder 60–3 smacking 118

assessment see diagnosis and assessment social clumsiness 59
associated (co-morbid) conditions stress 120, 121
12–13, 29, 60, 68–70, 81–2 time-out 118–19
atomoxetine (Strattera) 147–8 behaviourism 72
attention deficit disorder (ADD) 14 belonging, encouraging sense of 101
attentional ability 19, 73 biofeedback therapy (EEG) 156–7
audiologists 87 bipolar disorder 70, 81
auditory processing impairment 36–7 blame 42, 49
169
ADHD · thefacts
books 34–5, 96–9, 105–6, 161 video games 16, 18

Bradley, Charles 131 visual attention 19, 20–1

brain function, impairment in visual buffer 19
causes of ADHD 72–83 Concerta 140, 141–2
defiant behaviour 39–41 conduct disorder 42–4
electricity, tests of 91 consistency 9, 40–1, 76, 120
executive function defects 73, 74, 75–6 controlling behaviour 53
frontal lobe under-activity 73, 74–5, coprolalia 28, 30–1
76–7, 82–3 counselling 43, 44, 54, 59–60, 67, 69–70
gene defects 74, 75, 79–82, 83 cuddling 49, 61
neurotransmitter depletion 73–4, 75,
77–9 Daytrana 142–3
social cognition 55 defiant behaviour 12, 35, 39–44
bullying 4, 53, 55, 57, 63 delayed gratification 10, 12, 24, 36
denial 54
capabilities, setting tasks depression 46, 64, 67–70, 124, 144, 165
within child’s 48, 49, 100 desensitization 69
Catapres 145–7 destructive behaviour 23
causes of ADHD 29, 33–7, 72–83, 95 developmental paediatricians 86, 90
cheating 49 dexamphetamine see methylphenidate
Chess, Stella 45 (Ritalin) and dexamphetamine
choices, giving child 53, 101 diagnosis and assessment 86–92
clonidine 31, 124, 145–7 academic achievements, tests of 89–90
clowning 50, 55 Asperger syndrome 60–2
clumsiness 3, 11, 23, 28, 61 see also social associated disorders 68
clumsiness developmental paediatricians 86
cognitive event-related potential DSM-IV 14, 15
(CERP) 91 educational psychologists 86
cognitive therapy 25, 31, 59–60, 69, 70 emotional disorders 68
combined type ADHD 5 examinations 86, 87–8
compliance 39–41 gifted children 38
computer games 16, 18, 52 history, taking a 87
concentration intelligence tests 89
attention deficit disorder (ADD) 14 management plans,
attentional process in the brain 19 formulation of 91–2
auditory attention 19 psychometric tests 86, 88–91
case study 18 questionnaires 86
difficult tasks 20–1 residual ADHD 163–4
disorganization 18 review assessments 92
distractions 21 school 92, 107
fatigue 20, 21 special abilities, tests of other 90–1
impersistence 20 special investigations 91
inattentive type 3, 6–7 USA 15

learning difficulties 33–4, 102 diaries 103, 109
listening 19, 20 dietary treatments 152–5
medication 113, 128, 138, 140 allergies 152–4
myths 16 artificial colourings, flavourings,
positive feedback 21 and preservatives 153–4
school 3, 6–7, 18–19, 20–1, 33–4, 113 Efalex 154
tedious tasks 20 elimination diets 152–4
170
Index
food intolerance 152–4 examinations see also medical

neurotransmitters 154 examinations

supplementation 154–5 adults 165–6
vitamins 154–5 learning difficulties 33
discipline 12, 35, 103–4, 109, 111 modifying exams 110–11
distractions 21, 107–8 revision 33–4
Dixarit 145–7 task impersistence 7
dopamine 73–4, 77, 79–80, 123–4 excessive movement 26–31
Dore exercise programme 157–8 executive function defects 73, 74, 75–6
Douglas, Virginia 14, 73 exercise programmes 157–8
drug abuse 16, 43, 66, 135–7, 140 experiences, enriching child’s 101
drugs see drug abuse; medication explaining
dysfunctional coping behaviours 47–54 ADHD to children 95–6
dyslexia 37–8 medication 128–9
dysthymia 66–7, 82 residual ADHD 164
extinction 119
echokinesis 30–1
echolalia 28 facial expressions, difficulties
education see learning reading 57
difficulties; school failure, fear of 48, 99
EEG 91, 156–7 fatigue 20, 21
Efalex 154 features of ADHD 5–12
egocentricity 36, 56, 57 feedback 21, 58
elimination diets and food Feingold, Benjamin 153–4
intolerance 152–4 fidgeting 3, 27
emotional disorders 64–70 Focalin 143
anxiety disorders 69–70 food see dietary treatments
bipolar disorder 70, 81 forgetfulness see memory and
change in emotional state 64 forgetfulness
co-morbid emotional disorders 68–70 Freud, Sigmund 72
depression 64, 68–9 friends, lack of 55, 59
diagnosis 68 frontal lobes 46, 57, 73–7, 82–3
dysthymia 66–7 frustration 25, 65, 162
emotional characteristics of ADHD 65–7
frustration tolerance, low 65 gender 5, 13, 16, 42
hiding feelings 64 genetics
impulsivity 25, 65 bipolar disorder 81
inhibitory mechanisms, failure of 65 brain function 74, 75, 79–82, 83
low self-esteem 64 co-morbidity 81–2
medication 68, 126 depression 82
obsessive–compulsive disorder 70 dopamine 80
over-excitability 67 dysthymia 82
preoccupations 65–6 hereditability factor 74

puberty 68 medication 124
reactive emotions 67 methylphenidate (Ritalin) and
thrill seeking 66 dexamphetamine 124
encephalitis 14 neurofibromatosis 83
environment, modification of 25, 59, neurotransmitters 74, 79–80
116, 120 non-genetic causative factors 82–3
epilepsy 42, 65, 135 norepinephrine 80
171
ADHD · thefacts
genetics (contd.) impulsivity 3, 8, 22–5, 34, 65, 67, 161–3

obsessive–compulsive disorder 82 inattentive type of ADHD 2–3, 5–7,

parents 96–7 9–12, 14, 37
patterns of inheritance 80–1 incentival motivation, lack of 10, 36–7
siblings 81 incidence of ADHD 13
tics 81 inconsistency 9, 40–1, 76, 120
twin studies, concordance rate and 74 individualized activities 109
gifted children 38 individualized treatment programme 88
Gray, Jeffrey A 22 inflexibility 11, 62
group therapy 165 information
groups, difficulties with 24, 36, 42–3, 57–8 books 34–5, 96–9, 105–6, 161
growing out of ADHD 16 getting 62
parents, provision of information by 98
handwriting 37, 90 processing, deficits in 32
herbal treatments 155–6 videos 97, 98, 99
historical background 14–15 inhibitory mechanisms, failure of 56, 65
history, taking a 87 insatiability 11–12, 56
home management 94–104 insomnia 134, 145–6, 147
behavioural, meaning of 95 instructions, giving 53, 109–10
books 96 intelligence tests 89
causation 95 interests and activities,
explaining to the child 95–6 restricted range of 61–2, 63
naughtiness 95 International Classification of Diseases
parents (ICD-10) (WHO) 14
myth of bad 94–5 International Consensus Statement 15
needs 96–8 investigations 91 see also diagnosis and
role of 94 assessment
teachers, as 101–3
school, working with the 103–4 judgement, lack of 58
self-esteem, improving child’s 99–101
siblings, needs of 98–9 language-based difficulties 32–3,
teacher, parent’s role as a 101–3 57, 90–1
understanding 94–6 learning difficulties 32–9
homework auditory processing impairment 36–7
avoidance 51–2 behavioural difficulties 33, 35
diaries 103 causes 33–7
individualized programmes 111 defiance 35
medication 102 difficult areas 32–3
parents 102–3, 109, 110 discipline 35
hyperactive–impulsive type 3–5, 8–13 dyslexia 37–8
hyperactivity see over-activity essay writing 32
(hyperactivity) examinations 33
hyperkinetic disorder 14 gifted children 38

hyperkinetic–impulse disorder 14 group projects at school 36
handwriting difficulties 37
ignore, pretending to 118 high school 33
illogicality 24 hyperactive–impulsive type 11
image, lack of awareness of 58, 59 impulsivity 34
imipramine (Tofranil) 124, 144–5 inattentive type 11
impersistence with tasks 2–3, 7, 20 information processing, deficits in 32
172
Index
intelligence tests 89 failure, fear of 48, 99

language-based difficulties 32–3 frontal lobes 46

low self-esteem 35–6 home management 99–101
mathematics 33, 34 homework avoidance 51–2
medication 125, 127 instructions in form of choices 53
memory and forgetfulness 10 learning difficulties 35–6
oral expression 32, 35 limbic system 46
poor concentration 33–4 lying 49, 50
poor incentival motivation 36–7 manifestations 9, 45, 54
puberty, behavioural difficulties at 33, 35 neurotransmitters 47
reading books 34–5 offensive lying 50
revision 33–4 parents
school 33 role of 99–101
social difficulties 36 separated 101
spelling difficulties 37 passive aggression 53–4
study sessions 101–2, 109 praise, adverse responses to 48, 99–100
word-retrieval deficit 32 quitting 47–8
working memory impairment 34–5 regressive behaviour 50–1
lectures, helping with 165–6 residual ADHD 163, 165
Levinson, Harold 158 school 35–6, 51, 110, 111–12
life-style changes 69 self-appraisal as a function of
limbic system 46 the brain 45–7
listening 19, 20 separated parents 101
L-lysine 142 social skills group 52
Lou, Hans 73 special time with each parent 100–1
low self-esteem 9, 45–54 tactile defensiveness 49
aggression and anger 46, 52–4 television, addiction to 52
avoiding 48, 99 lying 49, 50
behaviour modification 121
belonging, encouraging sense of 101 management
blame, locus of 49 Asperger syndrome 62–3
bullying 53 home management 94–104
capabilities, setting tasks within impulsivity 25
child’s 48, 49, 100 medication 92
cheating 49 plans 91–2
choices, giving child 101 remedial plans 92
clowning 50 school 105–14
computer games 52 social clumsiness 59–60
control of self-appraisal system time 52
in the brain 47 treatment plans 91–2
controlling behaviour 53 manic episodes in bipolar disorder 70
counselling 54 manipulation 158
cuddling and touching 49 mannerisms 61

defensive lying 50 marijuana 43
denial 54 mathematics 33, 34
depression 46 media 151–3
dysfunctional coping behaviours 47–54 medical examinations 86, 87–8
dyslexia 38 medication 122–48 see also
emotional disorders 64 methylphenidate (Ritalin) and
experiences, enriching child’s 101 dexamphetamine
173
ADHD · thefacts
medication (contd.) reserpine 123

adults 162 residual ADHD 162, 164–5

alcohol and marijuana 43 school 113–14, 128
appetite, decrease in 144 secondary problems 162
aspects of ADHD helped by selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors
medication 125–6 (SSRIs) 63, 69–70
Asperger disorder 63 side-effects 142–3, 144, 146, 147
associated disorders 68 skin patches 146
atomoxetine (Strattera) 147–8 sleep 145–6, 147
bed-wetting 144 social clumsiness 60
behaviour, effect on 116, 120, 121, social skills, effect on 126, 127
125–6, 127, 145 stress 63
bipolar disorder 70 teasing 128
blood pressure 146–7 tics 30, 31
Catapres 145–7 Tofranil (imipramine) 124, 144–5
choice of medicine 124–5 tolerance 144
clonidine 31, 124, 145–7 treatment, in conjunction with other 126
combined medicines 130 withdrawal 145, 147
concentration 113, 128 without medication, treatment 127
conduct disorder 43 meditation 158
daytime symptoms 145 memory and forgetfulness
depression 69, 124, 144, 165 case study 2
Dixarit 145–7 gifted children 38
dopamine 123–4 hyperactive–impulsive type 9–10
dosage and administration 144, 146, 147 inattentive type 2, 7, 9–10
drug abuse 16, 66 intelligence tests 89
dyslexia 38 learning difficulties 10
emotional state, effect on 68, 126 oral expression 35
explaining role of medication to poor working memory 9–10, 34–5, 38, 89
child 128–9 reading (decoding) 34–5
genetics 124 residual ADHD 163
heart rhythm, children with disorders school 34–5
of 144 sequencing 35
how medicines work 123–4 social clumsiness 8
impulsivity 25 spelling (encoding) 35
insomnia 145–6, 147 Metadate CD 142
learning, effect on 102, 125, 127 metalinguistic skills, poor 57
management plans 92 methylphenidate (Ritalin) and
migraines 146–7 dexamphetamine 30, 123, 125, 130–43
monitoring 113–14, 125, 128 abdominal pain 134
MTA trial (Multi-modal Treatment Adderall 144
of ADHD) 127 adults 164–5
neurotransmitters 79, 122–4, appetite, decrease in 134

130, 145, 147 chemical compounds requiring
non-stimulants 144–8 digestion 142
norepinephrine 123–4, 145, 147 concentration 138, 140
oppositional disorders 43 Concerta 140, 141–2
parents 102 dosage and administration 131–3, 135,
rebound 121, 145, 147 137, 140
remedial teaching 38 drug addiction, causing 135–7, 140
174
Index
duration of action 131 axons 78

epilepsy 135 dietary treatments 154

Focalin 143 dopamine 73–4, 77, 79–80
food 132 genes 74, 79–80
genetics 124 low self-esteem 47
growth suppression 133–4 medication 79, 122–4, 130–1, 145, 147
headaches 134 metabolism 79, 124
heart disease, children with 135 methylphenidate (Ritalin) 73
holidays 137–8 monoamines 77, 78–9
insomnia 134 nerve cells 77–9, 124, 130
long-acting preparations 139–43 norepinephrine 77–80, 123–4, 145, 147
long-term safety 133–4 receptors 78–9
micro-pump tablets 140, 141–2 synapse 78–9, 123–4
mixed salts of dexamphetamine night terrors 12
(Adderall) 143 noisiness 4, 9, 28, 56
monitoring 139–40 noradrenaline see norepinephrine
mood changes 134–5 norepinephrine 77–80, 123–4, 145, 147
neurotransmitters 73, 131
overseas, travelling 138–9 obesity 28
rebound 132–3, 134, 135 obsessive–compulsive disorder 66, 70, 82
remedial lessons at weekends 137 obstructive sleep apnoea 67
safety 133–4 ophthalmologists 87
school 137, 139 oppositional disorders 41–2, 43
short-term effects 134–5 oral expression 32, 35
side-effects 133–5 organizational skills 3, 7, 19, 38, 163, 165
single-isomer methylphenidate over-activity (hyperactivity) 3, 8, 26–8
(Focalin) 143 accidental injuries 28
skin patches 142–3 ‘fidgets’ 27
sport 137–40 mirror movements 26–7
termination of treatment 139 overflow movements 26–7
tics 30, 135 restless feeling 27
timed-release beads 142 risk-taking 28
trials 133, 139–40 ‘runners and climbers’ 27–8
weekends, taking at 137 temporary immobilization 26–7
migraines 146–7 over-excitability 67
mirror movements 26–7 overflow movements 26–7
monoamines 77, 78–9 over-focusing 66
motor dyspraxia 37 overseas, medication and
motor skills 90 travelling 138–9
MTA trial (Multi-modal Treatment
of ADHD) 127 paediatricians 86, 87–8, 90–1
myths 15–16, 39–40, 72, 94–5, 105–6 palilalia 28
panic attacks 69
National Institute of Clinical parents
Excellence (NICE) 15 ADHD, parents with residual 97
naughtiness 95 advice, rejecting 97–8
neurofibromatosis 83 books and videos 97, 98
neurotherapy 156–7 break, having a 121
neurotransmitters conduct disorder 43
autoreceptors 79 counselling 43
175
ADHD · thefacts
parents (contd.)
friends, dealing with lack of 59 QEEG 91

genetics 96–7 questionnaires 86
guilt, feeling 96–7 quitting 47–8
history, taking a 87
home management 94–8, 101–3 reactive emotions 67
homework 102–3 reading 34–5, 37, 165–6
hurtful remarks, dealing with 98 rebound from medication 121, 132–3,
information, providing 98 134, 135, 145, 147
low self-esteem 99–101 regressive behaviour 50–1
myths about bad parenting 16, 39–40, relaxation techniques 69
72, 94–5, 105–6 remedial teaching 38, 109, 137
needs of parents 96–8 repetition 9
passive acceptance 40 reports 87, 92
rehearsing situations 98 reserpine 123
school 101–2, 103–6, 109 residual ADHD 97, 160–5
separated parents 101 responsiveness, lack of 57
short-term goals 98 restlessness 27, 161–2
stress 98, 120, 121 review assessments 92
study sessions 101–2, 109 revision 33–4
support groups 97 rewards 24, 52–3, 102, 109,
teachers, as 101–3 111–12, 116–17
time with each parent, ensuring risk-taking 23, 25, 28, 66, 163
special 100–1 risperidone 31
tutors, engaging 103, 112 routine 24
passive acceptance 40 rudeness 4, 13
passive aggression 53–4 ‘runners and climbers’ 27–8
perfectionism 69
performance inconsistency 9, 40–1, 76 school see also examinations; homework;
PET (positron emission tomography) 73 learning difficulties; teachers
physiotherapists 90 Asperger disorder 63
playground 108–9 assessment 107
poor concentration see concentration awareness of ADHD 105
poor incentival motivation 10, 36–7 behaviour management 111–12
positron emission tomography (PET) 73 books on ADHD 105–6
praise 48, 99–100, 117 cheating 49
prediction, poor social 58 choice of school 106–7
preoccupations 65–6 classes
projects, completing 182 size of 106
psychiatrists 164 streaming 107
psychologists 43, 53, 63, 86, 88–9, 103, classroom accommodation 107–8
107, 108, 121 clowning 50, 55
psychometric testing 86, 88–91 concentration 3, 6–7, 19, 20–1, 33–4, 113
academic achievements, tests of 89–90 contingency programmes 109
educational psychologist 88 defiance 35
individualized treatment programme 88 diagnosis 92, 107
intelligence tests 89 diaries 109
special abilities, tests of other 90–1 discipline 35, 103–4, 109, 111
psychotherapy 44 distractions 107–8
puberty 13, 33, 35, 68, 121, 160 funding 63, 103
176
Index
help, provision of extra 112 sensitivity, increased and decreased 61

high school, problems in 7, 13, 14, 33 sequential tasks, carrying out 24, 35
holidays, taking medication short-term goals, setting 25, 98
during 137–8 siblings 81, 98–9
home management 103–4 side-effects of medication 133–5,
impulsivity 25, 34 142–3, 144, 146, 147
inattentive type 2–3, 7, 14 single-isomer methylphenidate
individualized activities 109 (Focalin) 143
instructions, giving 109–10 sleep problems
low self-esteem, children with 35–6, bed-wetting 12
110, 111–12 dysthymia 67
management 105–14 hyperactive–impulsive type 12
medication 113–14, 128, 137–9 inattentive type 12
meetings with teachers 103 insomnia 134, 145–6, 147
memory 34–5 medication 145–6, 147
modifying work and night terrors 12
examinations 110–11 obstructive sleep apnoea 67
parents 101–2, 103–6, 109 sleep-walking 12
phobia 69 smacking 40, 118
plans smoking 66
diagnosis and assessment 107 social clumsiness 55–63
formulation 107 aggressive tendencies 57–8
implementation of multi-modal Asperger disorder 60–3
treatment 106 behaviour-modification strategies,
playground 108–9 poor 59
psychologists 63, 88–9, 103, 107, 108 bullying 55, 57
remedial help 38, 109, 137 clowning 55
reports from teachers 92 cognitive training 59–60
rewards 109, 111–12 counselling 59–60
rules 106 egocentricity 36, 56, 57
self-monitoring, encouraging 112 environment, modification of 59
short-term goals, setting 25 facial expressions, difficulties reading 57
social clumsiness 55 feedback, misinterpreting 58
special needs teachers 112 friends, lack of 55, 59
special school units or special group dynamics, poor
residential units 44 understanding of 58
special sessions, funding for 63, 103 hyperactive–impulsive type 10–11
strategies 107–14 image, lack of awareness of 58, 59
streaming 107 inattentive type 10–11
task impersistence 7 inhibition, lack of appropriate 56
tics 31 insatiability 56
transitions, poor management of 111 judgement, lack of 58
volunteers 112 learning difficulties 36

scolding 118 low self-esteem 52
secondary problems 161–2, 165–6 management 59–60
selective serotonin re-uptake medication 60
inhibitors (SSRIs) 63, 69–70 memory, poor social 8
self-appraisal 47 metalinguistic skills, poor 57
self-awareness, poor 61 prediction, poor social 58
self-esteem see low self-esteem responsiveness, lack of 57
177
ADHD · thefacts
social clumsiness (contd.) teasing 62, 99, 128

school 55 technological treatments 156–7

social blindness 56 tedious tasks, concentrating on 20
social cognition as function television, addiction to 52
of brain 55 temper outbursts 41–2
social skills training groups 59 temporary immobilization 26–7
sounds, making 56 tests
specific social competence academic achievement,
deficits 56–9 tests of 89–90
style and convention, auditory processing impairment 36–7
insensitivity to 56–7, 59 diagnosis and assessment 88–91
tactlessness 58 intelligence tests 89
talking 57 PET (positron emission
victimization 55 tomography) 73
social phobia 69 psychometric testing 86, 88–91
sound therapy 157 special abilities, tests of other 90–1
special abilities, tests of other 90–1 therapists and therapy 25, 31, 59–60,
special needs teachers 112 62–3, 70, 90–1, 156–7, 165
speech and talking 9, 25, 61, 90–1 Thomas, Alexander 45
speech therapists 90–1 thrill seeking 66
spelling difficulties 37 tic disorders 26, 28–31, 81, 131, 135
sport, medication and 137–40 time management 52
Still, George 14 time-out 118–19
stimulants see methylphenidate (Ritalin) toddlers 13, 39–40
and dexamphetamine Tofranil (imipramine) 124, 144–5
Stordy, Jacqueline 154 touchiness 42
Strattera (atomoxetine) 147–8 touching 24, 49, 61
streaming in schools 107 Tourette disorder 30–1
stress 29, 31, 36, 63, 98, 120, 121 tranquillizers 69–70
study sessions 101–2, 109 treatment see also medication
style and convention, insensitivity defiant behaviour 43–4
to 56–7, 59 plans 91–2
suicide 69 residual ADHD 164–5
supplements to diets 154–5 secondary problems 165–6
support groups 97 technological treatments 156–7
swearing 42 tics 31
unconventional treatments 150–8
tactile defensiveness 49, 61 trials 133, 139–40, 151, 156
tactlessness 58 tutors, engaging 103, 112
talking 9, 25, 57, 61 twin studies, concordance
task impersistence 2–3, 7, 20 rate and 74
teachers
authority figures, defiant behaviour unconventional treatments 150–8

against 35 dietary treatments 152–5
medication, negative attitudes to 114 evaluation 150–1
meetings 103 exercise programmes 157–8
negative attitudes of 105–6, 107, 114 herbal treatments 155–6
parents as 101–3 manipulation 158
principal of school, understanding of 106 media, role of the 151–2
support teachers 107, 112 meditation 158
178
Index
technological treatments 156–7 vigilance 90

trials 151 vitamins 154–5

under-achievement by gifted children 38 vocal tics 28, 30
under-activity in older children 28 Vyvanse 142
understanding 94–6
USA 14–15, 127 writing 32, 37, 90, 165–6
victimization 57 Zemetkin, Alan 73

videos 97, 98, 99
179

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Appendix

Useful internet sites

Asperger disorder 60–3 smacking 118

books 34–5, 96–9, 105–6, 161 video games 16, 18

Bradley, Charles 131 visual attention 19, 20–1

inattentive type 3, 6–7 USA 15

food intolerance 152–4 examinations see also medical

neurotransmitters 154 examinations

preoccupations 65–6 hereditability factor 74

genetics (contd.) impulsivity 3, 8, 22–5, 34, 65, 67, 161–3

obsessive–compulsive disorder 82 inattentive type of ADHD 2–3, 5–7,

hyperkinetic disorder 14 gifted children 38

intelligence tests 89 failure, fear of 48, 99

language-based difﬁculties 32–3 frontal lobes 46

cuddling and touching 49 mannerisms 61

medication (contd.) reserpine 123

adults 162 residual ADHD 162, 164–5

neurotransmitters 79, 122–4, appetite, decrease in 134

duration of action 131 axons 78

epilepsy 135 dietary treatments 154

friends, dealing with lack of 59 QEEG 91

help, provision of extra 112 sensitivity, increased and decreased 61

volunteers 112 learning difﬁculties 36

social clumsiness (contd.) teasing 62, 99, 128

school 55 technological treatments 156–7

authority ﬁgures, deﬁant behaviour unconventional treatments 150–8

technological treatments 156–7 vigilance 90

trials 151 vitamins 154–5

victimization 57 Zemetkin, Alan 73

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