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Innovation in engineering often means the clever use of a new material - new to a
particular application he
fatigue (due to rapidly fluctuating loads), surface wear (from striking everything from
water droplets to large birds) and corrosion (important when taking off over the sea
because salt spray enters the engine)
elastic modulus. The modulus measures the resistance of a material to elastic (or 'springy')
deformation
stress is always equal to the magnitude of a force divided by the area of the face on which
it acts. Forces are measured in newtons, so stresses are measured in units of newtons per
metre squared(Nm-’).
The ionic bond is the most obvious sor tof electrostatic attraction between positive and
negative charges.
The metallic bond, as the name says, is the dominant (though not the only) bond in metals
and their alloys.
The easy movement of the electrons gives the high electrical conductivity of metals. The
metallic bond has no directionality, so that metal ions tend to pack to give simple, high-
density structures,
biaxial tension
hydrostatic pressure
pure shear.
No ferrosos Son aquellos cuyo contenido en hierro ( Fe) es muy escaso. Cada día son mas
imprescindibles que los ferrosos.