4.

Result and discussion

Germination percentage Nacl has significantly increases the germination % of okra

than hydro Priming and osmo-priming. Horticultural commodities, at different stages of their
lifecycle is highly desirable in the present day of food shortage. So, we need more methods
for improving the crops under salt stressed condition by simple, un-expensive and
environment friendly ways. Seed priming is one of such type of methods and NaCl priming
have shown improved germination and growth of many crops under stressed conditions
(Sivritepe et al., 2003; Basra et al., 2005; Esmaielpour et al., 2006; Sivritepe and Sivritepe,
2007). Priming with NaCl also showed improvement in growth and yield of mature tomato
plants when salt treatments were applied with seed sowing (Cano et al., 1991). Similar
findings were reported in pepper (Smith and Cobb, 1991) asparagus and tomatoes (Pill et al.,
1991), and cucumber (Passam and Kakouriotis, 1994).
In this study, NaCl priming significantly enhanced the FEP, EI, ES, plumule length, radicle
length, seedling dry weight and vigour over control in hot pepper while improvement in
MET, E50 and fresh weight was found to be non-significant. In case of FEP, NaCl priming

was shown to alleviate the adverse effects of salinity

The germination percent of treatment GA3 10 ppm, was recorded a difference of
nearly 4 to 10% to treatment 50 and 100 ppm, in which GA3 10 ppm was found most
suitable because it showed highest germination percent. Both 50 and 100 ppm
concentration of GA3 did not show any major difference in respect of germination which
meant the higher concentration was not as good as the lower concentration rather it
decreased the germination percent. Priming with low concentrations of gibberellic acid had
no influence on germination rate and germination percent but it could increase shoot
length, root length,dry weight, fresh weight and tissue water content but priming with
higher concentrations of gibberellic acidhad good effect on germination and growth of
cereal(Naeem and Muhammad, 2006; Singh and Dara1971). Because there is no significant
effect on seeds by low concertration . Low concertration does not break the dormancy of
the seed. Low concerntration doesnot enhance the physiological activity of embryo.
GA3 & Priming with Nacl is superior than other interaction. Statistically , Nacl & GA3
0,50,100,200 ppm & water and GA3 0,50 , 10 0 ppmare similar. But significantly superior
than water & GA3 200 ppm , Salicyclic acid & GA3 0,50,100, 200 ppm.
Table 4.2 shows the treatment of seeds with the different concentration of
GA3@0,50,100,200ppm of seeds shows the statistically similar result for all parametters.The
activity of the enzyme involved in growth and development of the embryo is significantly
altered by priming with inoraganic salts..Sorghum bicolor seeds soaked in CaC12 or KNO3
solution, activity of total amylase, α -amylase and proteases was increased in germinating
seeds under salt stress (Kadiri and Hussaini, 1999). And in rice, seed primed with mixed-salt
solution resulted in significant increase in activity of α-amylase, p-amylase, and root
dehydrogenase, and moderate increase in the activity of shoot catalase under salt stress
(Chang-Zhenget al., 2002). Such increases in enzyme activity have direct or indirect effects
on subsequent seed germination and seedling growth rateand development. Salinity interacts
not only with organic substances but also with inorganic nutrients in the plant. Storage
products such as carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, and inorganic nutrients are
mobilized in germinating seed at varying rates in different species (Bewley and Black, 1994).

Higher grermination percentage and germination rate were obtained on halo priming.There
was an increased α-amylase activity along with contents of total and reducing sugars of
primed seeds in both the cultivars of tomato cultivar. It confirmed the primary role of
halopriming in either by early activation or de novo synthesis of cell wall degrading enzymes
(Hisashi and Francisco, 2005). Thus it helped to produce germination metabolites in required
amounts.