6 Heat generated and Cutting Temperature

6.1 Sources of heat Q

ch
The main sources of heat are: Q
t
Q
1. Qdef … Plastic deformation and internal sur

F1 Q
friction of workpiece material. F

2. QF … Friction on tool face by chip and F2

on flank by workpiece.
The total quantity of heat Q
Q workpiece
Q  Qdef  QF def Q
wp

6.2 Heat distribution:

Q  Qch  Qt  Qwp  Qsur
Q +Q
t sur
Qch …. Heat passing into chip Q
Qt …. Heat passing into tool Q
wp

Qwp …. Heat passing into workpiece.

Q
ch
Qsur …. Heat passing into surrounding.
It is clear from the shown figure that with
increasing cutting speed v, the higher
v
percentage of generated heat is going to chip.

6.3 Calculation of the total quantity of heat

PZ  v
Q  o [w]
60
PZ …. Tangential force in [N]
v …. Cutting speed in [m/min]
o …. Coefficient of work portion transferred into heat (o  80 – 90%).
Actually about 15 – 20% of work exerted when cutting is transformed into latent deformation
energy.

6.4 Cutting temperature ( C)

The cutting temperature is the measure of heat generated during cutting process. This
temperature is measured by a special thermo couples inserted in the tool cutting part.

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6.5 Factors affecting cutting temperature
1. Workpiece material 3

, HB of workpiece   PZ   Q
2
, HB of workpiece    lower plastic
properties of workpiece  sectional and 1
broken chip   contact between tool face
and chip  Qremoval    3 > 2 > 1

2. Cutting conditions v

 
s ng
o oli
c
out
ith
w
t oli
ng
co
th
wi

s ,t v
s , t  PZ  Q   v   Q   
The cutting temperature can be obtained from the following empirical equation:

   C .v x1 .s x 2 .t x3
Where, C, x1, x2 and x3 are constant and exponents which are given in technological tables.
3. Tool geometry

 


 r

  PZ  Q  
r  contact area with workpiece   Qt   Qremoval   

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