Slab Design

A slab can be defined as a member whose width is bigger than depth, whereas a beam is
generally deeper than width. Reinforced concrete slabs are used to form a variety of elements
in building structures such as floors, roofs, staircases, foundations and some types of walls.
The design of slabs is similar to that of beams, although the major difference is that in slab
design the serviceability limit state of deflection is normally critical, rather than the ultimate
limit state of bending and shear.

Types of slabs
Slabs can be classified according to their support system as one-way spanning or two-way
spanning slabs. Other classification of slabs include; solid slabs, cantilever slabs, stairs and
hollow slabs.

Design of One-way Spanning Solid Slab

When the ratio of the longer side to the shorter side, ly/lx is greater than or equal to 2, the slab
is considered to be one way spanning. The general procedure to be adopted for slab design is;

i. Determine a suitable depth of slab

ii. Calculate main and secondary reinforcement areas
iii. Check critical shear stresses
iv. Check detailing requirements

Depth of slab (cl. 3.5.7, BS 8110)

Solid slabs are designed as if they consist of a series of beams of 1 meter width. The effective
span of the slab is taken as the smaller of the distance between centers of bearings or the clear
distance between supports plus the effective depth, d, of the slab.

The deflection requirements for slabs, which are the same as those of beams, will often
control the depth of slab needed. The minimum effective depth of slab, dmin, can be calculated
using;
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛
𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 ∗ 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟

The modification factor is a function of the amount of reinforcement in the slab which is itself
a function of the effective depth of the slab. A value of 1.4 is normally assumed for the
modification factor. The main steel areas can then be calculated and used to determine the
actual value of the modification factor. If the assumed value is slightly greater than the actual
value, the depth of the slab will satisfy the deflection requirements in BS 8110. Otherwise, the
calculation must be repeated using a revised value of the modification factor.

Steel areas (cl. 3.5.5)

The overall depth of slab, h, is determined by adding allowances for cover (Table 3.3 and 3.4,
BS 8110) and half the (assumed) main steel bar diameter to the effective depth. The self-
weight of the slab together with the dead and live loads are used to calculate the design
moment, M.

The ultimate moment of resistance of the slab, Mu, is calculated using

𝑀𝑢 = 0.156𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑏𝑑 2

If Mu ≥ M, which is the usual condition for slabs, compression reinforcement will not be
required and the area of tensile reinforcement, As, is determined using equation

𝑀
𝐴𝑠 =
0.95𝑓𝑦 𝑧

Secondary or distribution steel is required in the transverse direction and this is usually based
on the minimum percentages of reinforcement (As min) given in table 3.25 of BS 8110.

Shear

Shear resistance is generally not a problem in solid slabs subject to uniformly distributed
loads and therefore shear reinforcement is not provided in slabs.

Reinforcement details (cl. 3.12, BS 8110)

For reasons of durability the code specifies limits in respect of:

 Minimum percentage of reinforcement

 Spacing of reinforcement
 Maximum crack widths

Reinforcement areas (cl. 3.12.5): the area of tension reinforcement, As, should not be less than
what is recommended in Table 3.25 of BS 8110.

Spacing of reinforcement (cl. 3.12.11.2.7): The clear distance between tension bars, sb, should
lie within the following limits: hagg + 5 mm or bar diameter ≤ sb ≤ 3d or 750 mm whichever is
the lesser, where hagg is the maximum aggregate size.

Crack width (cl. 3.12.11.2.7): crack width should be maintained to be less than or equal to 0.3
mm. This limiting of crack width is based on considerations of appearance and durability.

Example 2.10

A reinforced concrete floor is subjected to an imposed load of 4 kN/m2 and spans between
brick walls as shown below. Design the floor with a concrete cover of 25 mm and fcu = 35
N/mm2 and fy = 460 N/mm2
Solution

BS 8110-1:1997 Calculation Output

Overall depth of 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 152𝑚𝑚
𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
slab 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 ∗ 𝑚. 𝑓 Assume d = 155mm and
4250 main steel = 10mm
=
20 ∗ (𝑠𝑎𝑦)1.4
ℎ = 185𝑚𝑚

∅ 10
ℎ=𝑑+ + 𝑐 = 155 + + 25
2 2
Loading 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑔𝑘 = 0.185 ∗ 24 = 4.44 𝑘𝑁𝑚−2
𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒, 𝑔𝑘 = 4𝑘𝑁𝑚−2
Consider 1m = (1.4𝑔𝑘 + 1.6𝑞𝑘 )𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 ∗ 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑊 = 53.62𝑘𝑁
width of slab = (1.4 ∗ 4.44 + 1.6 ∗ 4)1 ∗ 4.25
Design moment 𝑊𝑙 53.62 ∗ 4.25 𝑀 = 28.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑀= =
8 8
Ultimate moment 𝑀𝑢 = 0.156𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑏𝑑 2 = 131.2 ∗ 106
= 0.156 ∗ 35 ∗ 103 ∗ 1552 = 131.2 𝑘𝑁𝑚
Cl 3.4.4.4 𝑀 = 0.0339 < 0.156
𝑘= 2
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑢
28.5 ∗ 106
=
35 ∗ 103 ∗ 1552
𝑘
𝑧 = 𝑑 {0.5 + |√(0.25 − 0.9)} ≤ 0.95𝑑
= 155 ∗ 0.96
= 155(0.5 + √(0.25 − 0.0339/0.9) ≤ 0.95𝑑 (= 147 𝑚𝑚)
𝑀 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠 = = 443.7 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
0.95𝑓𝑦 𝑧 𝑚
28.5 ∗ 106 Adopt Y10@150mm (523
= mm2/m)
0.95 ∗ 460 ∗ 147
Table 3.10 Actual 2𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 𝑓𝑠 = 260.17 𝑁𝑚𝑚−2
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠, 𝑓𝑠 =
modification 3𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 𝑀. 𝑓 = 1.42
factor 2 ∗ 460 ∗ 443.7
=
3 ∗ 523
(477 − 𝑓𝑠 )
𝑀. 𝑓 = 0.55 + ≤ 2.0
𝑀
120 (0.9 + 2 )
𝑏𝑑
(477 − 260.17)
= 0.55 +
28.5 ∗ 106
120 (0.9 + 3 )
10 ∗ 1552
Actual depth 4250 = 149.65𝑚𝑚
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
20 ∗ 1.42 < 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑑
Table 3.25: Min 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.13%𝑏ℎ = 0.13% ∗ 103 ∗ 185 𝑚𝑚2
reinforcement 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 241 < 𝐴𝑠
𝑚
area
Secondary steel Based on min steel area = 241 mm2/m Provide Y8@200mm c/c (As
= 252 mm2/m)
Example 2.11

A 250 mm thick simply supported reinforced concrete slab spans 5 m. Design a suitable slab
using grade 40 concrete and high yield reinforcement to support the following characteristic
loads: imposed load 4.0 kN/m2, finishes 0.5 kN/m2 and concrete 24 kN/m3. The slab will be
exposed to mild situation.

Solution

BS 8110-1:1997 Calculation Output

Loading Live load (qk) = 4 ∗ 5 ∗ 1 = 20𝑘𝑁 𝑊 = 77.5 𝑘𝑁
Dead load (gk) = finishes = 0.5
lf weight = (24 x 0.25) = 6
Total = 6.5 kN/m2
𝑔𝑘 = 6.5 ∗ 5 ∗ 1 = 32.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 1.6 ∗ 20 + 1.4 ∗ 45.5
Design moment 𝑊𝑙 77.5 ∗ 5 𝑀 = 48.44 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑀= =
8 8

Effective depth 𝑑 = 224𝑚𝑚

𝑑 = 250 − 20 − 12/2
Cl 3.4.4.4 48.44 ∗ 106 𝐾 = 0.024
𝐾=
1000 ∗ 2242 ∗ 40
= 0.97𝑑 > 0.95𝑑
0.024
𝑧 = 𝑑(0.5 + √(0.25 − ) Use 0.95d
0.9
𝑀 = 520.9 𝑚𝑚2 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 =
0.95𝑓𝑦 𝑧 Provide Y12@175 mm c/c
48.44 ∗ 106 (Asprov = 646 mm2)
=
0.95 ∗ 460 ∗ 0.95 ∗ 224
Table 3.25: Min 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.13%𝑏ℎ = 0.13% ∗ 103 ∗ 250 = 325 𝑚𝑚2
reinf. area
Secondary steel Based on min steel area = 325 mm2/m Provide Y10@225 mm c-c
(Asprov = 349 mm2)
Table 3.10 Actual 2𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 𝑓𝑠 = 247.28 𝑁𝑚𝑚−2
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠, 𝑓𝑠 =
modification 3𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 𝑀. 𝑓 = 1.62
factor 2 ∗ 460 ∗ 520.9
=
3 ∗ 646
(477 − 247.28)
= 0.55 +
48.88 ∗ 106
120 (0.9 + 3 )
10 ∗ 2242
Allowable = 20 ∗ 1.62 = 32.4 = 22.32 < 32.4
effective depth 5000 Slab is adequate in
𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = = 22.32 deflection
224
Continuous One-way spanning Solid Slab Design
The design of continuous one-way spanning slabs is similar to that of single-span, the only
difference being that several loading arrangements may need to be considered and such slabs
are not statically determinate. Methods such as moment distribution can be used to determine
the design moments and shear forces in the slab. However, where the following conditions are
met, the moments and shear forces can be calculated using the coefficients in Table 3.12 of
BS 8110:

 There are three or more spans of approximately equal length

 The area of each bay exceeds 30 m2
 The ratio of characteristic imposed load (qk) to the characteristic dead load (gk) does
not exceed 1.25
 The characteristic imposed load does not exceed 5 kN/m2 excluding partitions

Solid spans spanning in two directions

When a slab is supported on all four of its sides it effectively spans in both directions. The
amount of bending in each direction will depend on the ratio of the two spans and the
conditions of restraint at each support. If the slab is square and the restraints are similar along
the four sides then the load will span equally in both directions. If the slab is rectangular, the
more than one-half of the load will be carried in the stiffer, shorter direction and less in the
longer direction. If one span is much longer than the other, a larger proportion of the load will
be carried in the short direction and the slab may as well be designed as spanning in only one
direction.

Moments in each direction of span are generally calculated using tabulated coefficients. Areas
of reinforcement to resist the moments are determined independently for each direction of
span. With a uniformly distributed load the loads on the supporting beams may generally be
supported as shown in figure 2.17.

Figure 2.17: Loads carried by supporting beams

Simply supported slab spanning in two directions

A slab simply supported on its four sides will deflect about both axes under load and the
corners will tend to lift and curl up from the supports, causing torsional moments. When no
provision has been made to prevent this lifting or to resist the torsion then the moment
coefficients of table 3.13 may be used and the maximum moments may be given by;

𝑚𝑠𝑥 = 𝛼𝑠𝑥 𝑛𝑙𝑥2 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑙𝑥

𝑚𝑠𝑦 = 𝛼𝑠𝑦 𝑛𝑙𝑥2 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑙𝑦

Where

msx and msy are the moments at mid-span o strips of unit width with spans lx an sly
respectively

𝑛 = (1.4𝐺𝑘 + 1.6𝑄𝑘 )𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎

αsx and αsy are the moment coefficients from table 3.13

The area of reinforcement in directions lx and ly respectively are

𝑚𝑠𝑥
𝐴𝑠𝑥 =
0.95𝑓𝑦 𝑧
𝑚𝑠𝑦
𝐴𝑠𝑦 =
0.95𝑓𝑦 𝑧

Restrained slab spanning in two directions

When the slabs have fixity at the supports and reinforcement is added to resist torsion and to
prevent the corners of the slab from lifting then the maximum moments per unit width are
given by

𝑚𝑠𝑥 = 𝛽𝑠𝑥 𝑛𝑙𝑥2 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑙𝑥

𝑚𝑠𝑦 = 𝛽𝑠𝑥 𝑛𝑙𝑥2 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑙𝑦

Where, βsx and βsy are the moment coefficients given in table 3.14 for the specified end
conditions. The slab is divided into middle and edge strips as shown in figure 2.18 and
reinforcement is required in the middle strips to resist msx and msy.
Figure 2.18: Division of slab into middle and edge strips

Example 2.12

The floor slab of a building shown below is supported by beams at each grid line. The
construction is monolithic and the panels are continuous at the interior supports. Floor
finishes are 1.0 kN/m2 and the imposed load is 5.0 kN/m2. The exposure conditions are mild,
period of fire resistance is 1 hour. Concrete is Grade C35 and the steel is Grade 460.

Solution

BS 8110-1:1997 Calculation Output

Cover: mild exposure = 20 mm
Fire resistance, 1hr = 20 mm
Effective depth Assume l/d ratio = 36
𝑑 = 6000/36 𝑑 ≅ 167
Using 12ϕ bars
ℎ = 𝑑 + 𝑐 + ∅/2
12
= 167 + 20 + = 193𝑚𝑚
2 ℎ ≅ 200 𝑚𝑚
Loading Dead: slab = 0.2x24 = 4.8 kN/m2
Finishes =1.0 kN/m2
5.8 kN/m2
Imposed: = 5.0 kN/m2
𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 1.4 ∗ 5.8 + 1.6 ∗ 5.0 𝑛 = 16.12 𝑘𝑁𝑚−2
𝑙𝑦 7200 ly/lx < 2.0, therefore two-way
= = 1.2 spanning slab
𝑙𝑥 6000
cl. 3.5.3.4 Panel 1: interior panel
Mx at mid span = 0.032 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 62 𝑚𝑥 = 17.41𝑘𝑁𝑚
Mx at edges = −0.042 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 62 𝑚𝑥 = −24.37𝑘𝑁𝑚
My at mid span = 0.024 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 62 𝑚𝑦 = 13.93𝑘𝑁𝑚
My at edges = −0.032 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 62 𝑚𝑦 = −17.41𝑘𝑁𝑚
Panel 2: one short edge discontinuous
Mx at mid span = 0.036 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 62 𝑚𝑥 = 20.89𝑘𝑁𝑚
Mx at edges = −0.048 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 62 𝑚𝑥 = −27.86𝑘𝑁𝑚
My at mid span = 0.028 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 62 𝑚𝑦 = 16.25𝑘𝑁𝑚
My at edges = −0.037 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 62 𝑚𝑦 = −21.47𝑘𝑁𝑚
Panel 3: one long edge discontinuous
Mx at mid span = 0.042 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 62 𝑚𝑥 = 24.37𝑘𝑁𝑚
Mx at edges = −0.056 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 62 𝑚𝑥 = −32.50𝑘𝑁𝑚
My at mid span = 0.028 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 62 𝑚𝑦 = 16.25𝑘𝑁𝑚
My at edges = −0.037 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 62 𝑚𝑦 = −21.47𝑘𝑁𝑚
Panel 4: two adjacent sides discontinuous
Mx at mid span = 0.047 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 62 𝑚𝑥 = 27.28𝑘𝑁𝑚
Mx at edges = −0.063 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 62 𝑚𝑥 = −36.56𝑘𝑁𝑚
My at mid span = 0.034 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 62 𝑚𝑦 = 19.73𝑘𝑁𝑚
My at edges = −0.045 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 62 𝑚𝑦 = −26.11𝑘𝑁𝑚
Reinforcement: Panel 1

𝑑 = 170𝑚𝑚
𝑑 = 200 − 25 − 10/2 𝑚𝑥 = 17.41𝑘𝑁𝑚
Cl 3.4.4.4 17.41 ∗ 106
𝐾= 𝐾 = 0.0172
1000 ∗ 1702 ∗ 35
= 0.98𝑑 > 0.95𝑑
0.0172
𝑧 = 𝑑(0.5 + √(0.25 − ) Use 0.95d
0.9 𝑧 = 0.95 ∗ 170 = 161.5
𝑀 = 246.69 𝑚𝑚2 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 =
0.95𝑓𝑦 𝑧 Provide Y10@300 mm c/c
17.41 ∗ 106 (Asprov = 262 mm2) - B1
=
0.95 ∗ 460 ∗ 161.5
Table 3.8: shear 100𝐴𝑠 100 ∗ 246.69 = 0.145
in slabs =
𝑏𝑑 1000 ∗ 170
𝑣𝑐 = 0.42
Table 3.15 (shear 𝑙𝑦 7200
coefficient) = = 1.2
𝑙𝑥 6000
𝛽𝑣𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠) = 0.47
𝛽𝑣𝑥 (𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠) = 0.31
𝛽𝑣𝑦 (𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠) = 0.40
𝛽𝑣𝑦 (𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠) = 0.26
cl.3.5.3.7 𝑉𝑥 = 𝛽𝑣𝑥 𝑛𝑙𝑥
= 0.47 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 6 = 45.458𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑦 = 𝛽𝑣𝑦 𝑛𝑙𝑥 = 38.69𝑘𝑁
= 0.40 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 6 Use maximum value
cl. 3.5.5.2 𝑉
𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 =
𝑏𝑑
45.46 ∗ 103 = 0.267𝑁𝑚𝑚−2
=
1000 ∗ 170
= 0.8√𝑓𝑐𝑢
No shear links required
= 0.8√35 = 4.73𝑁𝑚𝑚−2
Deflection in slabs
Table 3.9 𝑙𝑥 6000 = 35.29
=
𝑑 170
Table 3.10 Actual 2𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞
modification 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠, 𝑓𝑠 =
3𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣
factor 2 ∗ 460 ∗ 246.69
= 𝑓𝑠 = 288.75 𝑁𝑚𝑚−2
3 ∗ 262
(477 − 288.75)
= 0.55 + 𝑀. 𝑓 = 1.594
17.41 ∗ 106
120 (0.9 + 3 )
10 ∗ 1702
Allowable = 26 ∗ 1.594 = 41.44 = 35.29 < 41.44
effective depth Slab is adequate in deflection
Loads on supporting beams
Table 3.15 of the code gives shear force coefficients from which the loads on the beams can
be calculated and takes account of the support conditions of the panel. As with the moments,
the shear is a factor times the shorter span, whichever direction is being considered. Figure
3.10 of the code shows the distribution of load on beams.

Coefficients for the bending moments for the four panels in one corner (Table 3.14)
Design of beams along grid D2-B2

cl.3.5.3.7 𝑛 = 16.12𝑘𝑁𝑚−2
𝑉𝑠𝑦 = 𝛽𝑣𝑦 𝑛𝑙𝑥
𝑉𝑠𝑥 = 𝛽𝑣𝑥 𝑛𝑙𝑥
Table 3.15 𝑙𝑦 7.2
Panel 2: 𝑙 = = 1.2
Figure 3.10 𝑥 6 𝑉𝑠𝑥 = 30.47𝑘𝑁𝑚−1
𝑉𝑠𝑥 = 0.42 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 6 ∗ 0.75
𝑙𝑦 7.2
Panel 4: 𝑙 = = 1.2
𝑥 6 𝑉𝑠𝑥 = 34.09𝑘𝑁𝑚−1
𝑉𝑠𝑥 = 0.47 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 6 ∗ 0.75
𝑙𝑦 7.2
Panel 1: 𝑙 = = 1.2
𝑥 6 𝑉𝑠𝑥 = 28.29𝑘𝑁𝑚−1
𝑉𝑠𝑥 = 0.39 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 6 ∗ 0.75
𝑙𝑦 7.2
Panel 3: 𝑙 = = 1.2
𝑥 6 𝑉𝑠𝑥 = 31.92𝑘𝑁𝑚−1
𝑉𝑠𝑥 = 0.44 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 6 ∗ 0.75
𝑙𝑦 7.2
Panel 5: 𝑙 = = 1.2
𝑥 6 𝑉𝑠𝑥 = 30.47𝑘𝑁𝑚−1
𝑉𝑠𝑥 = 0.42 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 6 ∗ 0.75
𝑙𝑦 7.2
Panel 6: 𝑙 = = 1.2
𝑥 6 𝑉𝑠𝑥 = 34.09𝑘𝑁𝑚−1
𝑉𝑠𝑥 = 0.47 ∗ 16.12 ∗ 6 ∗ 0.75
𝑚1 = 0.09𝐹𝑙 = 0.09 ∗ 64.56 ∗ 7.2 = 41.83𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑚2 = −0.11𝐹𝑙 = 0.11 ∗ 64.56 ∗ 7.2 = 51.13𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑚3 = 0.07𝐹𝑙 = 0.07 ∗ 64.56 ∗ 7.2 = 32.54𝑘𝑁𝑚
Example 2.13

Design the slab with a clear panel size of 6 m by 4 m, thickness of 150 mm, with an imposed
loading of 20 kN/m2, finishes 2 kN/m2; the panel of slab is continuous on all four sides and
the width of beam is 300mm.