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det A = (a11 a22 a33 + a12 a23 a31 + a13 a21 a32 )
− (a11 a23 a32 + a12 a21 a33 + a13 a22 a31 )
En particular,
1 3
det = (1)(5) − (3)(2) = −1
2 5
1 0 −1
det 2 1 3 = [(1)(1)(1) + (0)(3)(−1) + (−1)(2)(2)]
−1 2 1
− [(1)(3)(2) + (0)(2)(1) + (−1)(1)(−1)] = −10
det A = (a11 a22 a33 + a12 a23 a31 + a13 a21 a32 )
− (a11 a23 a32 + a12 a21 a33 + a13 a22 a31 )
En particular,
1 3
det = (1)(5) − (3)(2) = −1
2 5
1 0 −1
det 2 1 3 = [(1)(1)(1) + (0)(3)(−1) + (−1)(2)(2)]
−1 2 1
− [(1)(3)(2) + (0)(2)(1) + (−1)(1)(−1)] = −10
det A = (a11 a22 a33 + a12 a23 a31 + a13 a21 a32 )
− (a11 a23 a32 + a12 a21 a33 + a13 a22 a31 )
En particular,
1 3
det = (1)(5) − (3)(2) = −1
2 5
1 0 −1
det 2 1 3 = [(1)(1)(1) + (0)(3)(−1) + (−1)(2)(2)]
−1 2 1
− [(1)(3)(2) + (0)(2)(1) + (−1)(1)(−1)] = −10
I det A = det At
1 0 −1 1 2 −1
det 2 1 3 = −10 y det 0 1 2 = −10
−1 2 1 −1 3 1
| {z } | {z }
A At
1 0 ··· 0
0 1 ··· 0
En particular, det(In ) = 1, es decir det =1
.. .. . . ..
. . . .
0 0 ··· 1
I det[A1 ...Aj +Bj ...An ] = det[A1 ...Aj ...An ]+det[A1 ...Bj ...An ]
1 0 −1 1 0 −1 1 0 −1
det 2 1 3 = det −1 0 3 + det 3 1 0
−1 2 1 −1 2 1 −1 2 1
| {z } | {z } | {z }
−10 −4 −6
a a+2 a+4 a a+2 a+4
det A = det a + 2 a+6 a + 10 = det 2 4 6
a+3 a+8 a + 13 FF23 −F
−F1
1
3 6 9
a a+2 a+4 a a+2 a+4
det A = 2 det 1 2 3 = (2)(3) det 1 2 3
3 6 9 1 2 3
det A = (2)(3)(0) = 0
adj A := C t
es decir
AC t = (det A)In
de donde
A(adj A) = (det A)In
se sigue que:
A−1 A = In =⇒ det(A−1 A) = 1
=⇒ (det A−1 )(det A) = 1
1
=⇒ det A 6= 0 y det A−1 =
det A
Lo que se resume en el siguiente teorema:
1+3
0 1 2 −1
2+1
C13 = (−1) = −1 C21 = (−1) =2
1 0 0 −1
2+2
1 −1 1 2
2+3
C22 = (−1) 1 −1
=0
C23 = (−1) 1 0
=2
3+1
2 −1 1 −1
3+2
C31 = (−1) =3 C32 = (−1) = −1
1 1 0 1
1 2
C33 = (−1)3+3 =1
0 1
Patricia Gómez Palacio | Determinantes Universidad EAFIT
entonces, la matriz de cofactores de la matriz A es:
−1 1 −1
C= 2 0 2
3 −1 1
− 12 3
1 2
−1 2 3
−1 1 1 1
− 12
A = adj(A) = 1 0 −1 = 2 0
det A 2
−1 2 1
− 12 1 1
2
1 1
+ 0
− +
−1
−
C= + −
+ − +
1 1 0 1
+ 0
− +
−1 1 −1
−
C= + −
+ − +
1 1 0 1 0 1
+ 0
− +
−1 1 −1 1 0
−
C= + −
+ − +
1 1 0 1 0 1
+ 0
− +
−1 1 −1 1 0
2 −1
C = −
+ −
0 −1
+ − +
1 1 0 1 0 1
+ 0
− +
−1 1 −1 1 0
2 −1 1 −1
C = −
+ −
0 −1 1 −1
+ − +
1 1 0 1 0 1
+ 0
− +
−1 1 −1 1 0
2 −1 1 −1 1 2
C = −
+ −
0 −1 1 −1 1 0
+ − +
1 1 0 1 0 1
+ 0
− +
−1 1 −1 1 0
2 −1 1 −1 1 2
C = −
+ −
0 −1 1 −1 1 0
2 −1
+ − +
1 1
1 1 0 1 0 1
+ 0
− +
−1 1 −1 1 0
2 −1 1 −1 1 2
C = −
+ −
0 −1 1 −1 1 0
2 −1 1 −1
+ − +
1 1 0 1
1 1 0 1 0 1
+ 0
− +
−1 1 −1 1 0
2 −1 1 −1 1 2
C = −
+ −
0 −1 1 −1 1 0
2 −1 1 −1 1 2
+ − +
1 1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 1 0 1
+ 0
− +
−1 1 −1 1 0
−1 1 −1
2 −1 1 −1 1 2
C = −
+ − = 2 0 2
0 −1 1 −1 1 0
3 −1 1
2 −1 1 −1 1 2
+ − +
1 1 0 1 0 1
x1 = 2 x2 = −1 x3 = 4
Patricia Gómez Palacio | Determinantes Universidad EAFIT
Resumen de afirmaciones equivalentes sobre una matriz A,
n × n sobre K.
I A es invertible
I det A 6= 0
I AX = 0 sólo para X = 0
I At es invertible