Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Describing the master of business administration (MBA) thesis and the relevant
assessment criteria, the MBA thesis/ project is intended as a guide for graduate
students and supervisor(s) is to facilitate the project’s successful and timely
completion.
This research manual or guidelines apply to the final research project/ thesis of
MBA Program. Determined by the supervisors involved, the specific content of
the thesis may vary according to the program track.
The first section of this research manual address the general guidelines of the
MBA thesis/ project. The second section deals with the research proposal of the
thesis/ project, high lighting such aspects as formal procedures, methodology;
formatting research objectives, problems and drafting research plans.
The third section deals with the structure and organization of the thesis/ project
which include the format of the thesis/ project and referencing style.
Objectives
We hope that the information provided in this manual will enhance your
understanding of conducting a thorough research and will benefit you in future
research activities.
2
Research Team
Kashif Ahmed
Senior Lecturer
Research Coordinator
051 9260002 ext 300
kashif@bahria.edu.pk
Amna Yameen
Lecturer
Research Officer
Sana Aziz
Research Assistant
051 9260002 ext 298
sana-aziz@hotmail.com
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
General guidelines…………………….…..………………………………………………4
Format of the Proposal.........………………………………………………………………6
Structure and Organization of the Thesis…………………….…………………………...9
Structure and Organization of the Project…………...……………………………… .…26
Harvard Referencing Style …..……………………………………………………..……41
Abstract Sample... ……………………………………………………………………… 50
4
GENERAL GUIDELINES
5
approval certificate of his/her supervisor to the
Research Cell of MS Department for final defense with
in due date. The reprint should be submitted within 6
months after registration.
9. Research Cell will arrange final defense for the
student.
10. Student has to defend his/her thesis in front of
panel that comprises of two members i.e. internal
examiner (permanent faculty) and external examiner
(visiting faculty).
11. After defending the thesis, the student has to
incorporate all the corrections given by the
panelists during the final defense.
12. After incorporating all the corrections given by the
panelists during the final defense, student has to
get signatures of supervisor, internal examiner,
external examiner, Head of Research Cell/Research
coordinator and Head of MS Department on the final
approval sheet.
6
FORMAT OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL
(THESIS)
1. Research Title
2. Background of the research
3. Rational for research
• Motivation for research problem
• Importance of proposed work
• Author’s contribution/ originality to existing
knowledge on the topic
4. Literature review
• There should be at least 15 to 20 academic
journals for literature review
• Use proper in-text referencing
5. Research question (problem statement)
6. Research objectives
7. Research design
8. Research methodology
• Study design (research instruments i.e.
experiment, survey, case study, creative endeavor)
• Population/sample
• Procedure
• Type of data (primary and secondary data)
9. Expected outcomes (results of research)
10. Timelines (expected time to complete thesis)
11. References (using Harvard Referencing Style)
7
FORMAT OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL
(PROJECT)
1. Project Title
This should provide reader a clue what you
want to do in the project.
5. Project objectives
List the aim that will be achieved at the end of the
project. This could be a re-statement of the priority
issue, recognizing that the project may not fully solve the
problem, but will contribute positively and significantly
to its solution.
7. Project audience
Who is the project audience i.e. who wants to use the
results and recommendations of the project?
8
8. Research design
9. Research methodology
a. Target industry, company
b. Population/sample
c. Procedure
d. Type of data (primary and secondary data)
9
STRUCTURE AND GUIDELINES FOR RESEARCH THESIS
10
requirements detailed here should be regarded as the
appropriate style.
Format requirements
• Preliminaries
• Text
• Supplementaries
Preliminary Pages
• Flyleaf
• Title page
• Approval sheet
• Abstract
• Acknowledgements (optional)
• Dedication (optional)
11
• Table of contents
• List of tables (optional)
• List of figures (optional)
• List of symbols (optional)
Text
Main body of thesis
Ch 1) Introduction
It includes the following parts
Ch 2) Literature review
There must be proper in-text referencing in literature
review. There should be atleast 15 to 20 academic journals
quoted in references. Students should also make sure that
2006 and 2007 journals are quoted. In-text references
should also be quoted in bibliography. For more details see
Harvard referencing guide. This chapter should also include
the theoretical framework and hypothesis of the study which
may be supported by the literature.
12
Ch 3) Method
It includes the following headings:
• Sample/data
• Instruments and measures/sources of data
• Procedure
Supplementary (Optional)
• References or bibliography
• Appendices (optional)
Preliminary pages
Flyleaf
Each thesis should have a flyleaf (a blank sheet with no
page number assigned) at the beginning and the end of the
thesis.
Title Page:
It includes
13
Title: It summarizes the main idea of the paper. It
should be a concise statement of the main topic and should
identify the actual variables. A title should be fully
explanatory when standing alone. Its principal function is
to inform readers about the study.
Approval Sheet
A number is awarded to this page but it should not be
printed on the page.
14
supervisor’s signature, internal examiner’s signature and
Head of Research Cell/Research Officer are required on the
Approval Sheet of the thesis.
Abstract
An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the
contents of the thesis. It allows readers to survey the
contents of thesis quickly. It enables abstracting and
information services to index and retrieve articles. A good
abstract is
Accurate: ensure that the abstract correctly reflects the
purpose and content of the manuscript.
15
conclusions drawn. Use the past tense to describe variable
manipulated or tests applied. Use the third person rather
than first person. Avoid sentences and phrases that contain
no real information.
Name of student
Name of supervisor
Research title
Number of pages
Degree conferred
Date
Problem
Objectives/Hypothesis
Method
Conclusion/Recommendations
Paper Requirement
Standard-sized A4 paper of 90 grams must be used to prepare
the final copy of the thesis. Text must be printed on one
side of the paper. All pages of the manuscript must be the
same side. Do not use half sheets or scripts of paper
glued, taped or stapled to the pages.
16
Language
Thesis must be written in English.
Typeface
12-pt Courier New: it is the standard typeface for thesis.
Text
The text pages, from beginning to end, are numbered with
Arabic numerals.
Style of type
17
Produce an accurate, clear, clean copy that will reproduce
well. The 12-pt Courier new style of type should be used
throughout the thesis.
Margins
Requirement (minimum): Top-1”; bottom-1”; left-1.5”; right-
1”. Leave 1 inch margin on top, bottom and right sides
where as 1.5 inch margin on left side of every page to
allow for binding.
18
properly, i.e. does not separate punctuation from
characters and does not leave gaps in the text.
Page Numbering
Each page of the thesis must be assigned a number.
Preliminary pages are numbered at the bottom with lower
case Roman numerals. Preliminary page number i.e. I is
assigned to, but not printed on the title page.
19
Word Limit
Thesis must not exceed from 15,000 to 20,000 words or 70 to
100 pages with 1.5 line space.
Heading Level 5
CENTERED UPPERCASE HEADING
Heading Level 1
Centered uppercase and lower heading
Heading Level 2
Centered, Italicized, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading
Heading level 3
Flush Left, Italicized, Uppercase and lowercase
Heading level 4
Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading
Text Alignment
Justified text is recommended
20
Paragraphs
When it is necessary to divide a paragraph at the end of a
page, at least two lines should appear at the bottom of the
page and two at the top of the following page.
Endnotes
If end notes are used, they may be placed in the
supplementary at the end of thesis. Write the endnotes
under the heading of “endnote”.
21
margin for such a table or figure must be 1 ½ inches and
all other margins must be 1 inch. The top margin and page
number location must be the same as on a regular page.
Computer Output
Computer output, including pen plotting and screen
plotting, is acceptable provided the material is dark,
clear, readable copy transferred to acceptable paper. If
the material is tabular, room must be left at the top for
the table number, caption, appropriate lines, and columnar
headings unless the entire table is to be printed by the
computer printout machine.
Supplementaries
References or Bibliography
22
are many good sources that may be consulted for certain
fields or to solve special problems. Advisors and committee
members usually have excellent references to suggest.
Appendices
Quality and format should be consistent with requirements
for other parts of the thesis including margins and
reproduction. Computer printout must conform to margins.
Reductions must be clear and readable. Appendices may be
treated in a fashion parallel to chapters. That is, the
first page of an appendix would have a one inch top margin
and begin with a title – e.g., “Appendix I”, Appendix:
Diagrams.” Alternatively, an appendix may be introduced
with a cover page bearing only the title. The content of
the appendix then begins on the second page with the
standard one inch margin.
23
Golden or silver color of text is recommended on black or
blue color background of hardbound copy of thesis.
Spine
Name of student
Title of the research project
Year
Marks breakdown
Final Defense
24
Responsibilities
Responsibilities of the supervisor
The research supervisor is responsible for providing
training to the research student to use the application
soft wares and other instruments to enhance their research
capabilities.
25
• To visit the supervisor on regular basis to seek
proper guidance
• To dedicate himself/herself to the study
• To complete the research work in the given time frame
• He/she has to check research topic archive provided in
the online database to ensure their research work is
not done on the same/similar topic, which he/she is
going to finalize for his/her research work
26
STRUCTURE AND GUIDELINES FOR RESEARCH PROJECT
27
manual are established with that commitment in mind. This
project manual outlines procedures that are designed to
make preparation as efficient as possible. Please read and
follow these procedures carefully to avoid costly and time
consuming revisions in format.
Format requirements
• Preliminaries
• Text
• Supplementaries
Preliminary Pages
• Flyleaf
• Title page
• Approval sheet
• Abstract
• Acknowledgements (optional)
• Dedication (optional)
• Table of contents
• List of tables (optional)
• List of figures (optional)
• List of symbols (optional)
Text
Main body of project
28
The main text contains the following chapters:
Ch 1) Introduction
It includes the following parts
Ch 4) Organizational overview
There should be proper in-text referencing in literature
review, industry overview and organizational overview. The
sources of information must be mentioned in-text and in
bibliography. There must be atleast 15 to 20 academic
journals quoted. Student should also ensure that 2006 and
2007 references should also be quoted. For more
information refer to Harvard Referencing Method.
Ch 5) Identification of issues
Ch 6) Possible options/alternatives
29
Ch 7) Best option/recommendations
Ch 8) Action plan
Bibliography
Annexure: Call Reports
Date and time of meetings
Persons interviewed
Interview sheet
Preliminary pages
Title Page:
It includes
30
name. This form reduces the likelihood of mistaken
identity.
Approval Sheet
A number is awarded to this page but it should not be
printed on the page.
Abstract
An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the
contents of the project. It allows readers to survey the
contents of project quickly. It enables abstracting and
31
information services to index and retrieve articles. A good
abstract is
• Accurate: ensure that the abstract correctly reflects
the purpose and content of the manuscript.
• Self explanatory
Paper Requirement
Standard-sized A4 paper of 90 grams must be used to prepare
the final copies of the project. Text must be printed on
one side of the paper. All pages of the manuscript must be
32
the same side. Do not use half sheets or scripts of paper
glued, taped or stapled to the pages.
Language
Project must be written in English.
Typeface
12-pt Courier New: it is the standard typeface for project.
Only 12-pt Courier New typeface must be used throughout the
project. All text, page numbers, table numbers, figure
numbers, captions and references must be in the same
typeface. For general text, the font size should be 12
points.
Line Spacing (1.5)
It means leaving 1.5 lines blank between each line of type
on the page. For most word-processing software, this means
setting the line spacing to 1.5 lines.
Single Spacing: Bibliography or list of reference entries,
table and figure captions, and data within large tables are
to be single-spaced. Lengthy descriptions in the appendix
may also be single-spaced. Quoted material of more than
three typewritten lines is indented and single-spaced.
Quoted material that is three lines or fewer may be single
spaced for emphasis.
Text
The text pages, from beginning to end, are numbered with
Arabic numerals.
Style of type
33
Produce an accurate, clear, clean copy that will reproduce
well. The 12-pt Courier new style of type should be used
throughout the project.
Margins
Requirement (minimum): Top-1”; bottom-1”; left-1.5”; right-
1”. Leave 1 inch margin on top, bottom and right sides
where as 1.5 inch margin on left side of every page to
allow for binding.
The top margin of the first page of the preliminaries,
chapters, appendices and bibliographies is 2 inches. Margin
sets for different word processing systems will vary. The
right margin may be violated occasionally by one space and
bottom margin by one line. Always continue the text to the
bottom margin at the end of a chapter. WARNING: Photo
reproduction results in a slight enlargement, therefore
margins should be strictly observed on the original. The
bottom and right margin must never be less than ¾ inch on
reproduced copies.
34
Space between Words
Use one space between words and sentences.
Page Numbering
Each page of the project must be assigned a number.
Preliminary pages are numbered at the bottom with lower
case Roman numerals. Preliminary page number i.e. I is
assigned to, but not printed on the title page.
35
Word Limit
Project must not exceed from 15,000 to 20,000 words or 70
to 100 pages with 1.5 line space.
Heading Level 5
CENTERED UPPERCASE HEADING
Heading Level 1
Centered uppercase and lower heading
Heading Level 2
Centered, Italicized, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading
Heading level 3
Flush Left, Italicized, Uppercase and lowercase
Heading level 4
Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading
36
Text Alignment
Justified text is recommended
Paragraphs
When it is necessary to divide a paragraph at the end of a
page, at least two lines should appear at the bottom of the
page and two at the top of the following page.
Endnotes
If endnotes are used, they may be placed in the
supplementary at the end of project. Write the endnotes
under the heading of “endnote”.
37
margin for such a table or figure must be 1 ½ inches and
all other margins must be 1 inch. The top margin and page
number location must be the same as on a regular page.
Computer Output
Computer output, including pen plotting and screen
plotting, is acceptable provided the material is dark,
clear, readable copy transferred to acceptable paper. If
the material is tabular, room must be left at the top for
the table number, caption, appropriate lines, and columnar
headings unless the entire table is to be printed by the
computer printout machine.
Supplementaries
References or Bibliography
38
for certain fields or to solve special problems. Advisors
and committee members usually have excellent references to
suggest.
Appendices
Quality and format should be consistent with requirements
for other parts of the project including margins and
reproduction. Computer printout must conform to margins.
Reductions must be clear and readable. Appendices may be
treated in a fashion parallel to chapters. That is, the
first page of an appendix would have a one inch top margin
and begin with a title – e.g., “Appendix I”, Appendix:
Diagrams.” Alternatively, an appendix may be introduced
with a cover page bearing only the title. The content of
the appendix then begins on the second page with the
standard one-inch margin.
39
Spine
Name of student
Title of the research project
Year
Rules and Regulations
Marks breakdown
Final Defense
Progress report by supervisor 20%
Internal examiner 40%
External examiner 40%
Responsibilities
40
The research supervisor is responsible for providing
training to the research student to use the application
soft wares and other instruments to enhance their research
capabilities. The research supervisor should strive to
maintain continuous support for the student.
• His/her role is to guide the student throughout
his/her research time frame
• He/she is responsible for the timely completion of the
projects
• He/she has to check the work progress consistently
• He/she guides the student in research methodology and
corrects the technical errors. He/she suggests the
sources of information.
• He/she also evaluates the student’s work a final stage
• He/she has o check research topic archive provided in
the online database to ensure that research work is
not done on the same/similar topic, which the student
is going to finalize for his/her research work
41
HARVARD REFERENCING STYLE
In-text referencing:
The in-text referencing is the part you must include in
text. It must contain enough information for the reader to
look it up in your bibliography
Bibliography:
The Bibliography is a list of the references you have used in the
text, and in developing your text outline. It appears at the end
of your written material. Every in-text reference, except
personal communications, MUST be included in the Bibliography at
the end of your material.
42
References/bibliography should contain appropriate
information in the following order:
Originator (author, editors or company)
Date of publication (Harvard Method)
Title
Material Designation (non print resources)
Edition
Publication Details
Date of publication (Numeric system)
Page numbers where appropriate
1. Referencing a book
When using in-text referencing for published texts, you must
include enough information so that the reader knows the author’s
surname, the year of publication, and the specific page numbers
where the material can be found.
The In-text reference
Two common methods of writing are shown here without referencing.
You might say:
43
Hall, Sydney.
You will see that this is written in the form of:
Author or Editor, year (no brackets), title, (edition number),
publisher, city of publication
4. Referencing an e-mail
If you wish to refer to an e-mail message, use the following
format.
The In-text reference
The in-text reference should show the author, the year of
transmission, the day of transmission, the month of transmission,
and then the word “e-mail”. If the person’s name is unclear, you
should use their e-mail “name”. This is the section of the e-mail
address in front of the “@” symbol.
Note: If the e-mail address is a person’s private e-mail address
and not a business e-mail address, you should obtain that
person’s permission.
In 1999, the Manager of Foley Industries, Ms Bernice Foley (10
July, e-mail), cited the current economic conditions as still
being a major factor in or
The current economic conditions are still seen as a major factor
in business today (Foley B, 1999, 10 July, e-mail).
The Bibliographic entry
44
As shown below the bibliographic entry should include the
“subject line” of the message as a title and the full date
instead of just the year. It should include the “e-mail to” and
both e-mail addresses.
Sender (sender’s e-mail address), day month year, subject of
message, e-mail to
receiver (receiver’s e-mail address).
an example is as follows:
Berwick J, (jb45@norfolk.nf), 15 January 2000, Management on
Norfolk, e-mail to I
Nicholson (dr_nich@moreton.qld.edu.au)
7. Referencing a website
45
The In-text reference
www.mhhe.com
The Bibliographic entry
Searching for …..( write the type of information
that you have found from internet)
Accessed on February 3, 2008
Available at: ……(here paste the complete web link)
EXAMPLE:
Searching for effect of enrichment on working environment
Accessed on 30th November, 2007
Available at: www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?
Filename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0260250605.htm
l#b6
46
10. Unpublished minutes of a meeting
Always include the following:
author (usually an organization)
year meeting occurred
title of the minutes with quotation marks
place of meeting
date of meeting, in the form 21-24 August
Management Team, 2004, “Minutes of Monthly Staff Meeting”,
Moreton Institute of
TAFE, 26 October.
47
The In-text reference
(Nicholson, 1996, pp.120-123)
The Bibliographic entry
Nicholson IJ, 1996, “The First 100 Years - The development of
technical education in
Queensland to 1977”, PhD Thesis, University of New England,
Armidale, NSW.
An example Bibliography
This example bibliography is included to show HOW you should do
it.
48
Attorney-General’s Department, 1998, Privacy Act 1988, Ausinfo,
Canberra.
Aurion Corporation , 1999, “Taking the Journey with you”, Aurion
Corporation, Brisbane.
Bee R & Bee F, 1990, Management Information Systems and
Statistics, Institute of Personnel
Management, London.
Berwick J, (jb45@norfolk.nf), 15 January 2000, Management on
Norfolk, e-mail to I Nicholson
(dr_nich@moreton.qld.edu.au)
Boudreau J, 1990, ‘Cost-benefit analysis applied to
personnel/human resource management decisions’,
Paper presented to IPM NZ Conference, Auckland, New Zealand, 12-
14 September, pp.1-11.
Cameron M, 2000, “Firms pay high price for e-mail overload”, The
Courier Mail, 15 January, p.17
Castio WX, c.1997, Costing Human Resources, Kent, Boston.
Castio WX, 1998, Reducing Human Resource Costs, Kent, Boston.
Compton RL & Nankervis AR, 1991, Effective Recruitment and
Selection Practices, CCH Australia
Limited, Sydney.
Dattner F, 1999, “Formidable, Reflective Capacity”, Management
Today, September, p.12.
Dessler G, Griffiths J, Lloyd-Walker B, & Williams A, 1999, Human
Resource Management, Prentice
Hall, Melbourne.
Doran A & Rampton G, 1999, “Making A Business Case for a New
HRIS” [online]. Available from:
www.hronline.com/lib/hris/phbus.html [12 March 2000].
Dwyer J, 1997, The Business Communication Handbook, 4th edn.,
Prentice Hall, Sydney.
Dwyer J, 1999, Communication in Business – Strategies and
Techniques, Prentice Hall, Sydney.
Gordon C, 1999, “Forced outside. (external hiring)”, Human
Resource Planning, March, v22 i1 p18(2)
[electronic]. Available from: Moreton TAFE Libraries, Moreton E-
Files, Article A54657577 [9
August 2000].
HROnline, 1999, “Making A Business Case for a New HRIS” [online].
Available from:
www.hronline.com/lib/hris/phbus.html [12 March 2000].
Menday J, 1996, Call Centre Management - A Practical Guide,
CallCraft, Newdigate, UK.
Nankervis AR, Compton RL & McCarthy TE, 1996, Strategic Human
Resource Management, 2nd
edn., Thomson Publishing Nelson, Melbourne.
Nicholson IJ, 1996, “The First 100 Years - The development of
technical education in Queensland to
1977”, PhD Thesis, University of New England, Armidale, NSW.
Nicholson IJ Dr, 1999, “Risk Management”, unpublished notes.
Harvard Referencing – 3rd Edition
Dr Ian Nicholson Page 20
49
Resmanag.com, nd, “Estimating your manpower needs” [online].
Available from:
www.resmanag.com/lib/hris/estmanpwr.html [1 October 2004].
Stone RJ, 1998a, Human Resource Management, 3rd edn., Wiley,
Brisbane.
Stone RJ, 1998b, Readings in Human Resource Management, Vol.3,
Wiley, Brisbane.
The Courier Mail, 2000, “Firms pay high price for e-mail
overload”, The Courier Mail, 15 January,
p.19.
Willson-Murray R, 1997, Managing Projects - a new approach, John
Wiley & Sons, Brisbane.
Web References:
50
ABSTRACT SAMPLE
51
52