ASSIGNMENT PACK FOR 300L

COMPUTER SCIENCE

NAME: ADEBAYO OLUMIDE PETER

MATRIC NO : UPIB/2012/1759/CSC/ED

1. What is protocol as it relates to internet and networking.

Ans : A protocol is the special set of rules that end points in a telecommunication connection use
when they communicate. Protocols exist at several levels in a telecommunication connection. For
example, there are protocols for the data interchange at the hardware device level and protocols for
data interchange at the application program level. In the standard model known as the Open
Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, there are one or more protocols at each layer in the
telecommunication exchange that both ends of the exchange must recognize and observe. TCP and
IP protocols are a set of protocols that end points in an internet connection use when
communicating. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) uses a set of rules to exchange messages with
other points on the internet at the information packet level while Internet Protocol (IP) uses a set of
rules to send and receive messages at the internet address level. Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol
(HTTP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) are additional protocols with defined sets of rules to use
with corresponding programs on the Internet.
At the networking layer, a number of different protocols are used on top of each other for the
transmission of data. The following are some of the protocols implemented:
Media Access Control (MAC) – It is a communications protocol used to distinguish specific
devices.
Internet Protocol (IP) – It allows machines to address each other across a network
Internet Control Message Protocol(ICMP) - It is used to send messages between devices to indicate
their availability status.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP), TCP, Domain Name System(DNS), Secure Shell(SSH) are other
networking protocols that are implemented.

2. What is the meaning of IP, IP addressing, what is the difference between them and is IP
addressing or IP needed in LAN connection.

Ans : An IP is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses
the Internet Protocol for communication. IP addressing is the act of identifying a system's location
on a given network by assigning it a unique numeric IP label. The difference between them is an IP
is assigned to a client system on a given network by the network server while IP addressing is done
by the network server.
IP addressing and an IP are both needed in a LAN connection in order to determine the location of
where to send data received by the network server.
3. Draw a block diagram showing the connection of a workstation to the internet.

Ans :

4. What is cloud computing and how is data saved in the cloud ?

Ans : Cloud Computing is a computing Infrastructure which uses a network of remote servers
hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal
computer.
Data is saved via the Internet with the use of web browsers regardless of location or device.

5. Differentiate between logical design and physical design.

Ans : Logical design is the functional and detailed specifications of all system elements. It is not
tied to any specific hardware or software platform while physical design is the technical detailed
specifications of all system elements. The system would be broken down into smaller units which in
turn perform the physical operations necessary to facilitate data capture, processing and information
output.

6. List the various types of system design

Ans : The various types of system design are as follows

I. Prototyping;
ii. Joint application design;
iii. Participatory design.

7. Write a short note on structured analysis

Ans: Structured analysis is the third phase of a System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Firstly,
the requirements of the Information system to be developed are determined by working with end
users to determine the expectations of users from the proposed system. Next, the aforementioned
requirements are studied and re-structured with their inter-relationships in mind and any
redundancies eliminated. Finally, an initial design is created that corresponds to the given
requirements which in turn are compared to the requirements of costs, labour and other feasibility
studies like technical, economic, behavioural, social, management, operational, time and legal.
Once the above recommendations are accepted by those with funding authority, plans to acquire
any hardware and system software necessary to build or operate the proposed system can
commence.

8. Write the source code which if or when used in a computer would display a web page with at
least three (3) link pages

Ans :

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head
<title>A web page with at least three link pages</title>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/stylesheets/basic.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<p>You can check the facts by reading the
<a href="next.html">next page</a></p>

<p>You can check other facts by reading the

<a href="previous.html">previous page</a></p>
</body>

<p>You can search for the facts on

<a href="www.google.com">Google</a></p>

</html>

9. What is offline, online and the difference between the two as it relates to computing.

Ans : Offline refers to a computer system which isn't connected to an active computer network such
as a Local Area Network (LAN) or the Internet while Online refers to a computer system which is
connected to an active computer network.
Offline computing is always a single computer system by itself while online computing denotes a
network of active computer systems with Information Interchange.

10. Write a short note on the following

10.1] Domain Name

Ans : Within the http://www.google.com web address, the domain name is the “google.com” part.
You can buy the rights to use a domain name for a fixed period usually one or two years at a time,
as it’s not yours to own forever. This is referred to as registering the domain.

10.2] Hosting

Ans : Hosting refers to the storage of your website files on an internet-connected server. Hosting is
entirely separate from the registering of your domain name, although many hosting companies offer
both services. Site owners use web hosts to eliminate exposing their own hard drives to potentially
malicious web surfers.

Define the following tags in web designing using HTML

10.3] <br>

Ans : The br element is a self- closing HTML element which creates a line break within a block of
text, leaving no padding or margins between the two blocks of text created by the line break. It is
best used when writing a poem or a postal address where a new line which doesn't require
additional visual effects is required.

10.4] <href>

Ans : The href attribute defines the location of the resource. This may be a style sheet in the same
directory, a page located elsewhere on the same server, or a resource held on another server.

10.5] <bgcolour>

Ans : By default, a page will have a white background and black text. The bgcolour attribute of the
body element provides a mechanism for changing the background colour. It tends to take recognized
colour names as well as specified hexadecimal colour notations as it's value.