(Some Theories of Developmental Psychology)

Dr. Samirranjan Adhikari

Assistant Professor in psychology
Shimurali Sachinandan College of Education
Shimurali, Nadia, West Bengal, India

a) Cognitive Psychology

b) Psychoanalysis

c) Humanistic Psychology

(Genetic Epistemology of Jean Piaget) (1896-

1980) :

(Jean Piaget)

(Genetic Epistemology)

(Sensori-Motor Skill)

(Schema)

‗‗Grab and Thrust‘‘

(‗‗Grab and Thrust‘‘) (Assimilation)

 (‗grab and
thrust‘)
(Equilibrium)
(Accommodation)

(Structure)

(Equilibrium)

(The Sensory-Motor Stage)

(Primary Circular Reactions)—

‗‗Out of sight, out of mind‘‘

(Secondary Circular Reactions)—

‗‗Out of sight, out of mind‘‘

(Tertiary circular reactions)—

 (Mental Representation)—

(Prediction)

(Preoperational Stage)

‗The mountains
study‘

―the mountains study‖

(Realism) :

(Animism) :
 (Artificialism) :

(Transductive Reasoning) :

(Unicenterism) :

(Egocentrism) :

(Irreversibility) :

(Deferred Imitation) :

(Symbolic Play) :

(Drawing)

(Mental Image) :

(Language) :

(Concrete operations stage)

=?

=? =?
 (Conservation) :

(Seriation) :

(Classification) :

(Concept of Number) :

(Formal operations stage) :

(Logical Operations)

(Hypothetical Thinking) (Hypothesis)

B A A C
B- C

(Conjunction) : ―A B
 (Disjunction) : A B

(Implication) : ― A B

(Incompatibility) : A B

(Identity) : A B

(Negation) : A B

(Reciprocity) : A B

(Correlativity) : ‗‗A B

(Educational Smificance of Piaget's Theory)

(a)

(b) (Cognitive Structure)

(i)

(ii)

(c)

(d)

(Kohlberg’s theory of moral development)

1950
(a) 4 7

(b) 7 10

(c) 11

(a) (Morality of Constraints) (Moral Realism) :

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

(iv)
(v)

(b) (Morality of Co-operation) :

(i)

(ii)
(iii)

(iv)
(v)
(vi)

(a) (Cognitive Development) (Cognitive Conflict)

(Cognitive Conflict)
(b) (Role Taking)

1. (Level—I) (Preconventional Morality)

(a) (Punishment-obedience orientation)

(b) (Relativist Orientation)

2. (Level—II) (Conventional Morality)

(a) (Good Boy/Girl Morality)

(b) (Law and Order Morality)

3. (Level—III) (Past Conventional Morality)

(a) (Social Contract Orientation)

(b) (Universal Ethical Principle Orientation)

 (Level—III)

(a)
(Heterogeneous)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(Freud's Theory of Libido & Its

Development)

(a)
(Life Instinct or Eros) (b) (Death Instinct or Thanatos).
(a) (Life Instinct or Eros)

(b) (Death instinct or Thanatos)

(Ambivalence)
 Libido

(Development of Libido)

(1)
(Oral Stage);
(2) (Anal stage), (3) (Phallic Stage); (4) (Latency Period) (5)
(Gental Stage)
(Oral Stage) 0–2

(ID)
(Ego) (Super Ego)

(Tension Relief)
(Preambivalent)

Auto-Erotic

(Traumatic Experience)

(Oral Sadistic)
Sadistic
(Ego)

(Narcissism)

(Second Traumatic Experience)

(Reality Principle)
Klein Clover
(Super Ego)

(Infantile Sexuality)

(Anal Period) 2–4

Ego (Id)
(Anal Sadistic)
Super Ego
Oedipus

(Super Ego)

(Phallic Phase) 4–5

Conflict
(Castration Complex)
(Repression of infantile sexuality)
 (Love Object)

(Introjection)

Castration
Complex)
(Positive)
(Lantency Period) (5–11

Role-Playing

(Genital Period) 12–18

Unconscious

(Resistance)

(Unconscious)
 (Ego Resistance)
(Abnormal)

(Mechanism)
(Basic
Impulse)

(Frustration)

(Repression) (Regression)

(fixation)

Paths of symptom formation

(1)

(2)

(3)
(Complex)

(Defence Mechanism)

(Psycho-neuroses) (Psychoses)
 (Erik Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development)
(Erik Erickson)

(Id)
(Pleasure Principle)

(Ego)
(Censor)

a)
b)
(Psychosocial Conflict)

(Early Stage)

(Initial Stage)

(Basic Trust vs. Mistrust) 1

(Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt)

 (Initiative vs. Guilt 4 5

(Middle Stage)

(Industry vs. Inferirity) 6 11

(Third Stage)
(Adolescence)

(Identity vs. Identity confusion)

12 18

(Search for Identity) :

 a) (Identity Diffusion)

b) (Identity for Closure)

c) (Psychosocial Moratorium)

d) (Identity Achievement)

(Later years)

(Intimacy vs. Isolation) 35

(Generativity vs. Stagnation)

35 65

(Integrity vs. Despair) 65

(Role of Erickson's Theory in Education and

Parenting)
a)

b)
c)

d)

e)

f)

g)

h)

i)

j)

(Chilhood Play)

a b c
d e f
g

(Playway in Education)
 (Social Skill)

a)

b)

c)

d)

e) (Self Consciousness) (Self esteem)

f)

a)
b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

g)
(Need Hierarchy Theory of Abraham Maslow)
 (Abraham Maslow)
(Motivation)

a) (Physiological Needs)
b) (Need for Safety and Security)
c) (Need for Love and Belongingness)
d) (Esteem Needs)
e) (Need for Self Actualisation)
(a) (Physiological Needs)

i)
ii) pH (98.6 )
pH

iii)
iv)
v)
(b) (Need for Safety and Security)

i) ii)
iii) iv) v)

(c) (Need for Love and Belongingness)

i) ii) iii)
iv)
(d) (Esteem Needs) –

i) ii) iii) iv) v)

vi) vii) viii) ix)
x)

i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi)

(Esteem Self Esteem)

Deficit Needs, or D-needs

Motivation
Homeostasis

Homeostatic Principle

Instinct Genetically
Instinctoid (Instinct-like)

(I)
(II)
(III)

(I)

(II)
(III)

Fixate
I)
II)
III)
Neurosis

(Alienation)

e) (Need for Self Actualisation)

Growth Motivation D-needs-

Being needs or B-needs) Self
Actualization
Balance or Homeostasis
Engaged

Self Actualization
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

(iv)

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(Application of Maslow‘s Theory)


a)

b)

c)


d)


e)
f)

g)