Identidades fundamentales

𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 = 1 │ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 = 1 │ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 = 1 │,𝑡𝑎𝑛 = │𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 = │𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 │ 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥│ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑚𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥 = 1/2𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑚 − 𝑛)𝑥 + 1/2 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑚 + 𝑛) 𝑥
Identidades para múltiplos y fracciones

𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 = 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 │ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − sen2 𝑥 │ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = 1 − 2sen2 𝑥 │ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = 2cos2 𝑥 − 1

2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥 = │ sen2 𝑥 = │ cos2 𝑥 = │ tan2 𝑥 =
1−tan2 𝑥 2 2 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
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Identidades para sumas y diferencias
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑣
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑢 + 𝑣) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 │𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑢 − 𝑣) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 │ tan(𝑢 + 𝑣) =
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑣
tanu−tanv
𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑢 + 𝑣) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢 │ 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑢 − 𝑣) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢│ tan(u − v) =
1+tanutanv
│𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣 = 1/2cos(𝑢 + 𝑣) + 1/2cos(𝑢 − 𝑣) │ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑣 = 1/2cos(𝑢 − 𝑣) − 1/2cos(𝑢 + 𝑣) │
│𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣 = 1/2 sen(𝑢 + 𝑣) + 1/2sen(𝑢 − 𝑣) │ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑣 = 1/2sen(𝑢 + 𝑣) − 1/2sen(𝑢 − 𝑣) │
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Integrales
𝑎𝑢 1
∫ 𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛𝑎 + 𝑐 │ ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑢 + 𝑐│ ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 + 𝑐 │ ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢 + 𝑐│ ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛|𝑢| + 𝑐
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢 + 𝑐 │ ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑢 + 𝑐 │∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢 + 𝑐 │ ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑢 + 𝑐
∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢| + 𝑐 │ ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛|𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢| + 𝑐 │ ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢| + 𝑐 │
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛|𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑢 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑢| + 𝑐│ ∫ 𝑙𝑛𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢𝑙𝑛𝑢 − 𝑢 + 𝑐│ ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢│∫ √𝑎2−𝑥2 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛−1 𝑎 + 𝑐│
𝑑𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑥
∫ 𝑎2 +𝑥2 = 𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑎 + 𝑐 │∫ 𝑥√𝑥2−𝑎2 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑎 + 𝑐│
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Derivadas
1
𝐷𝑥 (𝑒 𝑢 ) = 𝑒 𝑢 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 │ 𝐷𝑥 (𝑎𝑢 ) = 𝑎𝑢 𝑙𝑛𝑎𝐷𝑥 𝑢 │ 𝐷𝑥 (𝑙𝑛𝑢) = 𝐷𝑥 𝑢││𝐷𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢) = −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢𝐷𝑥 𝑢 ││𝐷𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢𝐷𝑥 𝑢
𝑢
𝐷𝑥 (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢𝐷𝑥 𝑢 │𝐷𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑢) = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢𝐷𝑥 𝑢│𝐷𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢𝐷𝑥 𝑢 │𝐷𝑥 (𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑢) = −𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑢𝐷𝑥 𝑢
1 −1 1 −1
𝐷𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑛−1 𝑢) = 2
𝐷𝑥 𝑢│𝐷𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑢) = 2
𝐷𝑥 𝑢│𝐷𝑥 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑢) = 2 𝐷𝑥 𝑢│𝐷𝑥
(𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑢) = 2 𝐷𝑥
√1−𝑢 √1−𝑢 1+𝑢 1+𝑢
1 −1
│𝐷𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑢) = 𝐷𝑥 𝑢│𝐷𝑥 (𝑐𝑠𝑐 −1 𝑢) = 𝐷𝑥 𝑢│𝐷𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝐷𝑥 𝑢│𝐷𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ𝐷𝑥 𝑢
𝑢√𝑢2 −1 𝑢√𝑢2 −1
│𝐷𝑥 (𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑢) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 𝑢𝐷𝑥 𝑢│𝐷𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑢) = −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 𝑢𝐷𝑥 𝑢│𝐷𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑢) = −𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑢𝐷𝑥 𝑢
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Casos para integrales trigonométricas
sen & cos: ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑛 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 & ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 n es impar: se expresa en potencias: sen2 x + cos2 x = 1
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑛 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 & ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 n es par: se expresa en potencias: sen2 𝑥 = 2
│ cos2 𝑥 =
2
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑛 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑚 𝑢𝑑𝑢 n o m es impar : se expresa en potencias: sen2 x + =1 cos2 x
𝑛 𝑚 2 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑑𝑢 n es par: se expresa en potencias: sen 𝑥 = │ cos2 𝑥 =
2 2
∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑛 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 n es par: 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛−2 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛−2 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 − 1) lo mismo cot , sec ,csc ,
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑛 𝑢𝑑𝑢 n impar por partes u=secu
∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑚 𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛 𝑢𝑑𝑢 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑚 𝑢 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑛 𝑢𝑑𝑢 n: par positivo ,ej: ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛5 𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛5 𝑢 (𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑢 + 1)𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢𝑑𝑢 Dis y U
∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑚 𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛 𝑢𝑑𝑢 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑚 𝑢 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑛 𝑢𝑑𝑢 n: impar ,ej: ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛5 𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑐 7 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = ∫(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 + 1)2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 6 𝑢(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 Dis y
mantener (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢)---∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑚 𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛 𝑢𝑑𝑢; m=par y n=impar , ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑢𝑑𝑢 𝑒𝑗: ∫(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 − 1) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑢𝑑𝑢 (partes)
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Sustitución trigonométrica
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
√𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 𝑥 2 x = sen(t) , √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 𝑥 2 x = tan(t) , √𝑏 2 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 x = sec(t)
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏

𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 = 𝑎/𝑐 , 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑏/𝑐 , 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝑎/𝑏 , 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = 𝑏/𝑎, 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 𝑐/𝑏 , 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 = 𝑐/𝑎