Submitted in the partial fulfillment for the degree of

M.Sc (Computer Science) 4th Sem

Submitted to: Submitted

by:
Mrs. Sudesh Lather Neha
H.O.D M.Sc 4th Sem
ROLL NO.

GOVT. COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, ROHTAK

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PARTICULARS

 Acknowledgement
 Introduction to Project
 Introduction to Visual Basic
 Introduction MS-Access (Back-End)
 System Configuration
 Project Selection
 Existing System
 Proposed System
 System Analysis
 System Design
o Output Design
o Input Design
 Coding
 Output
 System Testing
 System Implementation
 Maintenance
 Conclusion
 Bibliography
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My debtness to with immerse pleasure I acknowledge to my teacher for having

taken personal interest in this file and providing me valuable guidance and support. His
guidance, encouragement and valuable suggestions helps me a lot.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all my friends for their support
and co-operation during the course of this Project Report.

My deep sense of gratitude also goes to various respondents without whose co-
operation the present study would have not to be possible.
 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT

This project report is submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for

M.Sc 4th Sem. Project work is a golden opportunity for us to apply the

theoretically learn tips, for practically e.g. how collect the information and

design the system, the best possible solution to the problem, write efficient

programs etc. and other minute things which matter a lot in the professional

life?

It provides us a unique opportunity to work on computer while working in the

field. I gain valuable experience in handling the professional level programming

and job more or less independently.

The course provides a chance for self analysis efficiently. The task was to

develop software for “LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”

 INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL BASIC

Visual Basic is an ideal programming language for developing sophisticated

professional application for Microsoft windows. It makes use of Graphical user
interface uses illustrations for text, which feature makes it easier to comprehend things
in a quicker and easier way. Coding in GUI environment is quite a transition to
traditional linear path of execution and is limited to a small set of operations. In a GUI
environment, the number of options to the user is much greater. Allowing more Visual
Basic is an ideal programming language for developing sophisticated professional
application for Microsoft windows. It makes use of Graphical user Interface for
creating robust and powerful applications. The Graphical User Interface uses
illustrations for text, which enables user to interact with an application. This feature
makes it easier to comprehend things in a quicker and easier way.
Coding in GUI environment is quite a transition to traditional linear programming
methods where the user is guided through a linear path of execution and is limited to a
small set of operations. In a GUI Environment, the number of options to the user is
much greater, allowing more freedom to the user and developer features such as easier
comprehension, user frieandliness, faster application development and many other
aspects such as introduced to Active technology and internet features makes Visual
Basic is an interesting tool to work with.
One of the most significant changes in Visual Basic 6.0 is the Integrated Development
Environment (IDE) IDE is term commonly used in the programming world to describe
the interface and environment that we use to create out applications. It is called
integrated because we can access virtually all of the development tools that we need
form one screen called an interface. The IDE is commonly referred to as the design
environment of the program.
The Visual Basic IDE is made up of a no of components. These are :-

1) Menu Bar.
2) Tool Bar
3) Project Explorer
4) Properties Windows.
5) Form layout Windows.
6) Form Designer
7) Tool Box
8) Object Browser

In the previous version of Visual Basic, The IDE was designed as a Single Document
Interface (SDI). In a Single Document interface, each window is a free floating window
i.e contained within a main window and can move anywhere on the screen as long as
VB is the current application. But in VB 6.0 the IDE is an Multiple document Interface
(MDI) format. In this format, the windows associated with the project will stay within a
single container known as the parent. Code and form based windows will stay with in
the main container form.
INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL PROGRAMMING:
 Character based systems use text as the medium of information exchange.
 In graphical user interfaces use graphics as the medium of information.
 Rapid Application Development (RAD) tools helps us to create applications in a
shorter time as compared to conventional languages and with fewer errors.
 A visual programming environment provides all features that are required to
develop a graphical user interface as ready to use components.
 The components commonly uses in visual programming are

 Window :- The base for a user interface of the application. All the components that
make up the user interface are placed in the window.
 Buttons:- Used to initiate an action.
 Text Boxes:- Used to accept information from the user.
 List Boxes:- Used to present the user with the possible options.
 The characteristics of the components are referred to as its properties.
 A method is code that is built into the component and can be executed as
required.
 An event is any user action directed at the application
 Variables store values required for performing calculations.
 The data type of a variable determines how the values in a variable are stored in
the computer’s memory.
 The loop structures that Visual Basic supports.
For…… next :- Repeats a group of statements for a specified number of
times.
While ….. Wend:- Executes a series of statements as long as a given
condition is true
 The conditional statements supported by Visual Basic are:
If….then……else:- Allows decisions to be taken on the basis of a condition.
 Select case :- Executes a group of statements checking the test conditions only
once.
MORE ABOUT VISUAL BASIC CONTROLS :-

 The form is the main part of a user interface. The frequently used properties.
Methods and events of form are:-
Properties (Caption, Name)
Methods (Move, Show, Hide)
Events (Load, Activate, Mouse down, Mouseup)
 List boxed display long lists options from which users can choose.
Properties (List index, Sorted, Multi select, listcount, list, Selected
Methods (Additem, Remove Item, Selected, Setfocus)
Events (Click, Scroll)
 A combo box control combines the features of a text box and a list box. It allows
the user to select an item either by typing text or from the list.
Properties (Style, locked, Index, Listcount, Sorted)
Methods (Add Item, Remove Item)
Events (Click, Scroll, Change, Dropdown)
 The option button are used when the user can select one and only one of the
multiple options.
Properties (Caption, Value)
Methods (Move)
Events (Click)
 A frame control provides an identifiable grouping for controls.
Properties (Caption)
Methods (Move, Drag)
Events (Click)
 A check box indicated whether a particular condition is on or off.
Properties (Caption, Value)
Methods (Move, Resize)
Events (Click)
 Scroll bars provide easy navigation though a large amount of information.
Properties (Min,Max, Value)
Methods (Move)
Events (Scroll,Change)
 A text box is used to display text or to accept user input.
Properties (Text, Multiline, Maxlength, Password Char, Locked)
Methods (Move, Drag, Setfocus)
Events (Change, Click, Lostfocus, Keypress)
 A button is a control which allows the user to click on it to perform an action.
Properties (Caption, Picture, Enabled)
Methods (Move)
Events (Click)
 The label is the control used to place text in a form.
Properties (Caption, Autosize,Wordwrap)
Methods (Move, Drag)
Events (Click, Change, Dbiclick)
 The user interface is the most important part of an application
 Designing of an interface includes such factors as :
Positioning of controls
Uniformity of elements
Simplicity of design.

MENUS:-

 Menus allows an application to present the user with a means of intiating different
actions.
 A menu comprises of :
A menu bar that displays the main menu options.
There can be a list of options attached to each menu option. This referred to as a sub-
menu.
 Toolbars provide shortcut to menu actions.
An application can have multiple toolbars.
Display tool tips, which are tiny popup windows containing a short text description of a
tool bar button’s purpose.
 Status bar is used to display information for the user.
An application can have only one status bar.
 Dialog boxes.
Special type of window used to flash messages or accept information from the user
during the course of execution of the application.
 Common dialogs are ready to use dialogs actions.
 Custom dialogs are designed by the user keeping in mind the needs of the
application.
 A Model dialog box does not let the user perform any action while it is on display
 Modeless dialog boxes let the user shift the attention between the dialog box and
another form without having to close the dialog box.

DATA ACCESS IN VISUAL BASIC:-

 Procedures are a named sequence of statements executed as a unit.
 Sub procedures and function are the types of procedures.
 In Visual Basic code is stored in modules. There are three kinds of modules:
Form.
Standard
Class
 The scope of a variable defines which part of the code is aware of its existence.
 Variables are classified on the basis of scope as:
Procedure – level
Module – level
 Procedure level variables are recognised only in the procedure in which they are
declared
 Variables declared using the Public statement are available to all procedures in the
applications.
 A variable passed to a procedure is called an argument
 Passing an argument by value gives a procedure only a copy of the variable.
 Passing arguments by reference gives a procedure access to the original value of the
variable in its memory location.
 A client/server application is split into a front-end client component and a back-end
server component.
 The client is the portion of the application that presents data to the user.
 The role of the server is to processing or information to the client.
 A visual basic database application has three parts
User Interface
Database Engine
Data store
 The data controls allows us to access and manipulate databases
 Controls that can work with the data control to access data are said to be data-
aware.
 The process of attaching a data-aware control to a data control is called binding.
 INTRODUCTION TO MS ACCESS

Microsoft Access, also known as Microsoft Office Access, is a database

management system from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet

Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-development

tools. It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of applications, included in the

Professional and higher editions or sold separately.

Microsoft Access stores data in its own format based on the Access Jet

Database Engine. It can also import or link directly to data stored in other

applications and databases.[1]

Software developers and data architects can use Microsoft Access to develop

application software, and "power users" can use it to build software

applications. Like other Office applications, Access is supported by Visual Basic

for Applications, an object-oriented programming language that can reference a

variety of objects including DAO (Data Access Objects), ActiveXData Objects,

and many other ActiveX components. Visual objects used in forms and reports

expose their methods and properties in the VBA programming environment,

and VBA code modules may declare and call Windows operating-

system functions.
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

System: Pentium-IV

Components:
1.Central Processor
2.Monitor
3.Keyboard
4.Printer
Central Processor:->
Intel Pentium 11.366MHz types chip
Main memory of 1 GB
One hard disk of 120GB
One DVD WRITER SATA
One CD-ROM drive
Monitor:->
SVGA colored monitor
Size:80*25 character display
Keyboard:->
Keyboard of 104 keys
Multimedia keyboard
Printer:->
Laser Jet

Operating System:->
WINDOWS XP
USED (V.B.6)
 PROJECT SELECTION

This project report is submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for
Bachelor in Computer Application. The project work is a golden opportunity for us to
apply the theoretically learn tips, for practically e.g. how collect the information and
design the system, the best possible solution to the problem, write efficient programs
etc. and other minute things which matter a lot in the professional life?
It provides us a unique opportunity to work on computer while working in the field. I
gain valuable experience in handling the professional level programming and job more
or less independently.
 EXISTING SYSTEM

The existing system depends upon manual operations, that is all the records were kept
in simple files and thus the data are maintained. But, any small mistake may lead to a
big problem.

For example, for the proper maintenance of data, several registers like Stock
register, and their loans and other allowances records are kept.. It becomes difficult to
handle such detailed information. This may also lead to some accuracy problems in
various data files.

Disadvantages of existing system :

1. Searching of a particular record within the collected data becomes a very difficult
task.

2. To maintain the data, that is, to add a new record, deletion of an old record is a
complex task to be performed.

3. Due to mathematical calculations involved in the preparation of statements, it is

very time consuming.
4. Department has to keep a lot of files for the records. So, it is very difficult to
maintain all those files. Moreover, special rooms or cupboards are thus needed for
the task to be performed.
5. A large staff is needed for the proper maintenance of data.
6. Incorrect entry of records also becomes an obstacle in the maintenance of data.
7. All the records are prepared occasionally. So, the manual work done is not always
correct and becomes too late.
 PROPOSED SYSTEM

As we have recognized the problems in our old manual system and we make a proposed
system means, we have made changes in the old system so as to make improvements.
I have completed this project to much extent and has included all the things but still
then I have not made all the queries and all the possibilities of data that user can enter.
That’s why I can’t say that my project is versatile.

Some of the limitations in my project are as:

1.I have just taken two or three queries and there result while there can be much more.

2.There are a few reports in my project but there can be much more.

3.As in computers, there may be virus due to which sometime system may get fail.

4.Computerised systems are difficult to install and very expensive.

5.Much knowledge is required to manpower for handling it.

So, these are some limitations in my project but these can be removed if my project is
studied again and any person want to enhance it.
 SYSTEM DESIGN

The most creative & challenging phase of the system development life cycle is
“SYSTEM DESIGN”. The term design described a final system and the process by
which it is developed. It refers to the technical specification that will be applied in
implementing the candidate system. A system analysis phase defines What a system
must do and System design states HOW to do it. A design must provides:-

 Mechanisms for translating the analysis model into design representations.

 Notations for representing functional components and their interfaces.

 Scope for refinement

 Guidelines for quality assessment

The design process is a set of iterative steps that allow the designer to describe all the
aspects of the software to be built based on user specifications .The general tasks
involve in the design process are:-

 Designing the overall system processes

 Segmenting the system into smaller, compact workable modules
 Designing the database structure
 Specifying the details of the program to be created to achieve the desired
functionality
 Designing the input and output documents
 Designing controls for the system
 Documenting the system design
 System reviews
We have defined the problems in the existing system, then we analyze the problems
found and proposed a candidate system that can do the work that was not done in old
system. After analyzing the problem we have to make design for them.
 INPUT DESIGNING

A major step in input design is the preparation of input & the design of output reports in
a form acceptable to the user. Inaccurate input is most common cause of errors in data
processing. Errors entered by data entry operator can be controlled by input design.
Input design is the process of originated inputs to a computer based format. In system
design phase the data flow diagram identifies logical data flow chart specifies master
file , transaction files & computer programmers. Input data are organized into group of
similar data. Once identified approximate input media are selected for processing
 OUTPUT DESIGN

Computer output is the most important and direct source of information to the user.
Efficient, intelligible output design should improve the system’s relationships with the
user and help in decision making. A major form of output is a hard copy from the
printer. Printouts should be designed around the output requirements of the user. The
output devices to consider depend on factors such as compatibility of the device with
the system, response time requirements, expected print quality, and number of copies
needed. The following media devices are available for providing computerized output:-

1.MICR readers.
2.Line,matrix,and daisy wheel printers.

3.Computer output microfilm(COM).

4.CRT screen display
5.Graph plotters.

6.Audio response.
 SYSTEM TESTING

The testing of project is a means of assessing or measuring the project to

determine its quality. Testing can be defined as the process of executing the project in a
controlled manner, in order to answer the question “Does the project behave as
specified?”. It also is the only way of finding out whether or not there are any errors in
a system. Therefore, testing is an important part of SDLC.
Like all other stages of the SDLC, testing too needs time and proper resource to
become a meaningful activity. Testing is vital to the success of the system. Testing
makes a logical assumption that if all parts of the system are correct, the goal will be
successfully achieved.

TYPES OF TESTING
Unit testing:-Each component or part of the program is tested individually to verify that
the detailed design for unit has been correctly implemented.

Module testing:-In larger system a module may be a group of several programs or

functions or sub-modules testing.

Integration testing:-It is carried out to find problems in the interfaces between

assembled units/modules in a system.

System testing:-It is executing a program to check logic changes made in it and with
the intention of finding errors.
Acceptance testing:-It is running the system with live data by the actual user. Testing
the users accept or reject the system. Implementation phase of the project starts only if
the user accept the system.

Volume testing:-determines whether or not the system will be able to handle a large
volume of data. The volume should be a representation of the real life volume with
some provision for future growth.
Performance testing:-this is a corollary to volume testing. This testing focuses on the
performance of the system under large volumes and not just on the ability to handle it.

Stress testing:-Every system can experience a period of stress, which, usually lasts for a
short period. Although this is not a normal condition, the system must be capable of
handling it.

Regression testing:-When a system is changed in one part, it is possible that this

change could have affected the behavior of an unchanged part of the system..

Interface testing:-whenever two or more modules handle common data particularly

write or update or use it as part of a calculation, then it become a case for interface
testing.

Security testing:- This attempts to verify that the protection mechanisms built into a
system, actually protect the system from unauthorized access.
 SYSTEM ANALYSIS

The process of system development starts with System Analysis. It is known that “A
system is a collection of interrelated components that work together to achieve some
common objective” and system is required to do “.

System Analysis is an important activity that takes place when new information
systems are being built or existing onces are being changed.
These specifications states:-

 Goals and objectives of the proposed system.

 Fundamental actions that must take place in the software.

 Outputs to be produced.

 Inputs to be used.

 Processes to be performed.

 Interfaces to be provided.

 Performance requirement to be met.

 Organizational and other constraints to be met.

System analysis is conducted with the following objectives in mind:-

 Identification and analysis of customer needs.

 System evaluation for feasibility.

  Performing economic and technical analysis

 Allocating functions to manpower ,database, hardware, software and other

system elements

 Establishing cost and schedule constraints.

 Creating a system definition that forms a foundation for all subsequent

development activities.

 System analysis is an art, and needs a lot of patience backed by years of

experience in order to get the desired system functionality and performance.

In short, systems analysis then, is the process of totally understanding the current
systems by gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing problems, and using the facts to
improve the current system. This is the job of the system analyst.

Before we proceed to the next phase that is “SYTEM DESIGN” ,we must know a little
more about the tools used during system analysis.
TOOLS USED IN SYSTEM ANALYSIS:-

As already mentioned, once the information is collected, it must be analyzed for the
development team to ascertain user needs and write requirements specifications. As a
large amount of information is collected, system analysts need tools to record ,store and
manipulate this information during the analysis process.
 IMPLEMENTATION

Meaning

Implementation is used to mean the process of converting a new or a revised system

design into an operational one. There are some kinds of standard activities to be
performed during the Implementation process ,they are:-

1. Creation of a Installation Plan

2. Implementation of Physical Procedures
3. Data Preparation and Conversion
4. Conducting User Training
5. Running the system

1) The Installation Plan includes schedules for:-

a) Purchase of hardware
b) Preparation of site
c) Purchase of Environmental software
d) Installation of hardware and Environmental software
e) Training

2) Physical Procedures:- Physical Procedures are the procedures that an

organization will follow side by side of the automated system and which
will complement its functioning.
3)Data Preparation and Conversion
a)Data Preparation is normally the most consuming and tedious task in the
implementation of most systems. During the implementation of a new system, all
data has to be transcribed to fit into the new formats and coding schemes, and errors
are rigorously checked to ensure no loss of information
 b)Data Conversion is the process of converting data from the old system into a
format required by the new, automated system.

4)Training:-A Training Need Analysis has to be done for each of these groups to find
out what kind of training is required for each. Training Need Analysis can be consider
as the process of determining individual or group training needs for an organization.
There usually are several types of users within an organization and all types of users
don’t need all kind of training.

5) Running of the system:-

“Parallel Run” signifies the running of two systems together:-the old and the new.

METHODS OF IMPLEMENTATION

1)Parallel Run:-In the parallel method of conversion the old system is operated along
with the new system for a while till all the teething problems of the new system are
sorted out and users are confident of operating the new system.

Advantages:-
 It offers great security .
 Minimize loss of data
 It is the safest method of converting from an old system to a new one.
 It inspires user confidence when user sees that results of the new way of
processing are the same as that of the manual system.

Disadvantage:-
It doubles operating costs for a while .So long as the old system continues to run along
with the new one the latter does not get a fair chance of trial.
2)Direct Cutover:-The direct method of implementation means that the old system is
replaced with the new one and form the beginning itself the organization relies on the
new system.
Advantage:-

Its main advantage is that the organization immediately starts to see the benefits of the
new methods and controls that have been included in the new system.

Disadvantage:-

Its disadvantage is that there is no other system to fall back on, if a problem arises in he
new system. Because of this the new system has to be planned, developed and
Implemented with utmost care.

3)Phased Approach:-The phased method of conversion installs a new system

throughout an organization in phases. It is best suited to system that are modular and a
module at a time
Advantage:-

Training can be designed for users keeping the function in mind

Disadvantage:-
Log phase in period causes unnecessary problems

4)Pilot approach:-The pilot method of conversion means introducing a new system in

one part of the organization –a single department or function. based on the feedback
received changes are made to the system before it can be installed in all parts of the
organization.
Advantage:-

It provides for live testing before implementation.

Disadvantage:-
If conversion is not handled well and takes too long to be implemented in the whole
organization then the user may get the impression that the new system is not sound and
full of errors.
 CODING

After the problem has been defined, it is analyzed, corresponding to that designing is
done and then coding is to translate the design of the system produced during the design
phase into code in a given programming language, that can be executed by the
computer and that performs the computation specified by the design. As only after this
phase our project can come in the running phase.
This coding affects both testing and maintenance. Coding has much less cost in the
system development but testing and maintenance cost a lot of money. It is due to the
less time spent in coding or coding is not done with attention. So, the goal should not be
to simplify the job of programmer but to simplify the job of tester and maintainer.
It should be kept in mind that programs should not be easy to write or we should not
give more attention towards easy writing, but our coding should be easy to read and
understand.
In coding there are many different approaches to code our design.

The programming practices used in our coding are:

1.Top-Down and Bottom-Up

2.Structured Programming
3.Informaton Hiding
4.Programming Style
5.Internal Documentation
 MAINTENANCE

After the implementation, the systems need to be maintained in order to adapt the
changing business and user needs. Different techniques are used to properly
maintain a system like:
 Correction – correction means to find out the error of the existing system
and then correct them.
 Adaptation – Adaptation means changes are done in existing software
according the requirement of the new environment.
 Enhancement – Enhancement means adding new function in the existing
system i.e. addition of new function according to the requirement of the
user.
 FUTURE PROSPECTIVE

“THE MORE YOU GET…

THE MORE YOU WANT…”
The above statement shows the summary of what is present in the subsequent
discussion. I am still very proud for whatever I have managed to get by the means of
this application, but still this project has more to it than what has been done. There are
numerous areas in which, the project should have had been improved.

Also I think that system can be have improved on the user level interface. This would
have made this project more acceptable, in somewhat non-technical sense, to the
general layman user, who is more concerned about the superficial details and not the
technical working.
But still I believe that what I have achieved can never be over shadowed by what I
could not achieve.
 CONCLUSION

System was developed and fasted in steps. Once the design was finalized,
the format of the output reports were set one by one after approval from the user
department. System was first tested on test data and then real data. Minor programming
errors were identified and rectified.
After rectifying the system was implemented successfully and accuracy
was found.
The system, after testing, was found accurate to be implemented. After
testing certain limitations were found. Those limitations were upgraded as per the
user’s requirements. As the system is developed using MS-Access, further
enhancements can easily be done.
Once the system started working certain new things were found to be
added into it, so some reports coming from the user department are manual and they
should also be computerized. The system can also be made more user-friendly and
interactive by overcoming the limitations and the user will find him more informative.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Visual basic 6.0 VB Complete.

Mastering in VB 6 BPB publication
Visual Basic 6 Gary Cornell
System Analysis And Design Senn
Software Engineering Pressman
System Analysis And Design Elias Award
Visual Basic 6.0 Microsoft Press