CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.

01

http://www.cyberpunkreview.com/movie/essays/understanding-the-
Displaying & communicating
information:

matrix-trilogy-from-a-man-machine-interface-perspective/
visionary network system in movies

Both the movie THE MATRIX and THE

AVATAR (2009) exemplifiy a kind of visonary network
system - the biological network system.
THE MATRIX depicts a future in which reality
as perceived by most humans is actually a simulated
reality created by sentient machines to pacify and
subdue the human population, while their bodies’ heat
and electrical activity are used as an energy source.
Upon learning this, computer programmer “Neo” is
drawn into a rebellion against the machines, involving
other people who have been freed from the “dream
world” and into reality. the matrix
In THE AVATAR, all the organisms in Pandora
are clients and the tree of souls is the server. The Tree

http://www.cyberpunkreview.com/movie/essays/understanding-the-
of Souls (Na’vi name: Vitraya Ramunong is a giant
willow-like tree that is said to be the closest connection

matrix-trilogy-from-a-man-machine-interface-perspective/
to Eywa on Pandora. The Tree of Souls, besides being
a connection to Eywa, also works as a way for her to
directly interact with the world through the seeds of
the tree. The tree has the capability to connect directly
to the nervous system of all living things and is not
limited to the queue that Pandoran wildlife possesses.

Seeds of the Tree of Souls in AVATAR

CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.05 CH.06 CH.07 CH.08 CH.09 CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.01

Displaying & communicating Displaying & communicating

https://sites.google.com/site/sblasa2computing/f451---computing-
information: information:
wired networks wireless technology

Back to the realilty, cable is the medium through

coaxial/tv radioFrequency

fundamentals/1-5-2-networks/data-transmission
which information usually moves from one network Wireless communication is the transfer of
information over a distance without the use of enhanced

device to another. There are several types of cable
ethernet
which are commonly used with LANs. In some cases,
a network will utilize only one type of cable, other
networks will use a variety of cable types.
The type of cable chosen for a network is
related to the network’s topology, protocol, and size.
Understanding the characteristics of different
InfraRed
electrical conductors or “wires”. The distances involved
fibre optics may be short (a few meters as in television remote
control) or long (thousands or millions of kilometers
for radio communications). When the context is clear,
the term is often shortened to “wireless”. Wireless SOUNDWAVE
communication is generally considered to be a branch
VISIBLE LIGHT

types of cable and how they relate to other aspects
of a network is necessary for the development of a
successful network.
The following sections discuss the types of
cables used in networks and other related topics.
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable
Coaxial Cable
Fiber Optic Cable
wikipedia.org
of telecommunications.
It encompasses various types of fixed, mobile,
telephone LASER E-M INDUCTION
and portable two-way radios, cellular telephones,
types of shielded cables personal digital assistants (PDAs), and wireless technologies (short-coverage / interior)
networking. Other examples of wireless technology
include GPS units, garage door openers and or
garage doors, wireless computer mice, keyboards and
headsets, satellite television and cordless telephones.
Wireless operations permits services, such as
radioFrequency
long range communications, that are impossible or
impractical to implement with the use of wires. The

http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoEthernetShield
Wireless LANs
term is commonly used in the telecommunications
Wired networks are generally faster than industry to refer to telecommunications systems (e.g.
wireless network and provide high security. It is also radio transmitters and receivers, remote controls,
less susceptible to interference by radio and lights. computer networks, network terminals, etc.) which
use some form of energy (e.g. radio frequency (RF),
1G | AMPS / ANALOG
infrared light, laser light, visible light, acoustic energy,
etc.) to transfer information without the use of wires. LASER 2G | GSM, PDC, CDMA1
Information is transferred in this manner over both

wikipedia.org
short and long distances.
ultraSound 3G | CDMA, UMTS

4G | LTE, WiMAX

types of unshielded cables technologies (long-distance)

CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.05 CH.06 CH.07
Displaying & communicating
information:
physical network typologies
Computer networks is primarily classified
according to the network topology upon which the
network is based, such as bus network, star network,
ring network, mesh network, star-bus network, tree or
hierarchical topology network.
Topology can be considered as a virtual
shape or structure of a network. This shape does not
correspond to the actual physical design of the devices
on the computer network. The computers on a home
network can be arranged in a circle but it does not
necessarily mean that it represents a ring topology.
Network topology signifies the way in which
devices in the network see their logical relations to
one another. The use of the term “logical” here is
significant. That is, network topology is independent
of the “physical” layout of the network. Even if
networked computers are physically placed in a
linear arrangement, if they are connected via a hub,
the network has a Star topology, rather than a bus
topology. In this regard the visual and operational
characteristics of a network are distinct; the logical
network topology is not necessarily the same as the
physical layout. Networks may be classified based on
the method of data used to convey the data, these
include digital and analog networks.
CH.08 CH.09 CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.01
Displaying & communicating
Otto Ng. Introduction to Comptuer Networking. Hong Kong 2004.
modified sources from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_to_peer
information:
architecture of network
http://madeit.co.cc/computer-network-part-13/
Computer networks may be classified
according to the functional relationships which
exist among the elements of the network, e.g.,
Active Networking, Client-server and Peer-to-peer
(workgroup) architecture. Peers make a portion
of their resources, such as processing power, disk
storage or network bandwidth, directly available to
other network participants, without the need for central
coordination by servers or stable hosts. Peers are both
suppliers and consumers of resources, in contrast to
the traditional client–server model where only servers
network typologies supply, and clients consume. network relationships
There are mainly two scales of network - local
area network and wide area network.
Otto Ng. Introduction to Comptuer Networking. Hong Kong 2004.
A local area network (LAN) is a computer
network covering a small physical area, like a home,
http://wally.cs.iupui.edu/n241_06/files/webMag/index.html
office, or small groups of buildings, such as a school,
or an airport. The defining characteristics of LANs, in
contrast to wide area networks (WANs), include their
usually higher data-transfer rates, smaller geographic
area, and lack of a need for leased telecommunication
lines.
A wide area network (WAN) is a computer
network that covers a broad area (i.e., any network
whose communications links cross metropolitan,
regional, or national boundaries. This is in contrast
with personal area networks (PANs), local area
networks (LANs), campus area networks (CANs),
or metropolitan area networks (MANs) which are
usually limited to a room, building, campus or specific
pros and cons of basic typologies scale of network
CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.05 CH.06 CH.07
Displaying & communicating
information:
wireless sensor network
A wireless sensor network (WSN) also known
as Sensory Networks or Sensitive Networks and
abbreviated in English to (WSN), consists of spatially
distributed autonomous sensors to cooperatively
monitor physical or environmental conditions, such
as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion
or pollutants. The development of wireless sensor
networks was motivated by military applications such
as battlefield surveillance and are now used in many
industrial and civilian application areas, including
industrial process monitoring and control, machine
health monitoring, environment and habitat monitoring,
healthcare applications, home automation, and traffic
control.
In addition to one or more sensors, each node
in a sensor network is typically equipped with a radio
transceiver or other wireless communications device,
a small microcontroller, and an energy source, usually
a battery. A sensor node might vary in size from that
of a shoebox down to the size of a grain of dust,
although functioning “motes” of genuine microscopic
dimensions have yet to be created. The cost of sensor
nodes is similarly variable, ranging from hundreds of
dollars to a few pennies, depending on the size of
the sensor network and the complexity required of
individual sensor nodes. Size and cost constraints on
sensor nodes result in corresponding constraints on
resources such as energy, memory, computational
speed and bandwidth.
CH.08 CH.09 CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.01
Displaying & communicating
information:
smart dust
http://www.libelium.com/libeliumworld/articles/
http://madeit.co.cc/computer-network-part-13/
Wireless Sensor Networks consist of a series
of small electronic devices that access the outdoor
world by means of sensors. The name given to this
type of device is “mote”, from the phrase “mote of
dust”, with the idea of conveying two main concepts in
just one word: their small size and the idea that they
can be placed anywhere. This concept gave rise to
the formation of Dust Networks and to the nickname
Smart Dust. Other ways of denoting a mote include
Sensory Node or Sensor Node .
Motes are able to communicate with each other
sensors modules forming network by creating mesh networks using the ZigBee protocol libelium agriculture sensor board
and to retransmit information acquired through the
network to a control point that records noted values
and that even makes decisions in consequence. It
is the motes that automatically organise themselves
every so often to see which communication routes are
available. This allows the motes to change place in
http://senseable.mit.edu/trashtrack/how-it-works.php
order to monitor a different area at a particular time.
http://www.libelium.com/libeliumworld/articles/
WSN are scalable, highly available and easily
implemented. Companies such as Libelium provide
service solution in this area.
senseable city lab trash-track module recording nationalwide uv value
CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.05 CH.06 CH.07
Displaying & communicating
information:
swarm robotics
Swarm robotics is a new approach to the
coordination of multirobot systems which consist
of large numbers of mostly simple physical robots.
It is supposed that a desired collective behavior
emerges from the interactions between the robots
and interactions of robots with the environment. This
approach emerged on the field of artificial swarm
intelligence, as well as the biological studies of
insects, ants and other fields in nature, where swarm
behaviour occurs.
The research of swarm robotics is to study
the design of robots, their physical body and their
controlling behaviors. It is inspired but not limited by the
emergent behavior observed in social insects, called
swarm intelligence. Relatively simple individual rules
can produce a large set of complex swarm behavior.
A key-component is the communication between the
members of the group that build a system of constant
feedback. The swarm behavior involves constant
change of individuals in cooperation with others, as
well as the behavior of the whole group.
Unlike distributed robotic systems in general,
swarm robotics emphasizes a large number of robots,
and promotes scalability, for instance by using only
local communication. That local communication for
example can be achieved by wireless transmission
systems, like radio frequency or infrared.
CH.08 CH.09 CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.01
http://infosthetics.com/archives/2010/09/mapping_the_immigration_
Displaying & communicating
information:
data mapping
/ Information visualization
and_emigration_patterns_of_new_yorkers.html
Data mapping is the process of creating
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarm_robotics
data element mappings between two distinct data
models. According to Google Map’s creators, Google
Maps is “a way of organizing the world’s information
geographically”
Information visualization is the interdisciplinary
study of “the visual representation of large-scale
collections of non-numerical information, such as files
and lines of code in software systems, library and
bibliographic databases, networks of relations on the
internet, and so forth”
Swarm of open-source Jasmine The field of information visualization has Map Your Moves survey
emerged “from research in human-computer
interaction, computer science, graphics, visual design,
psychology, and business methods. It is increasingly
applied as a critical component in scientific research,
digital libraries, data mining, financial data analysis,
http://senseable.mit.edu/seaswarm/ss_prototype.html
market studies, manufacturing production control, and
drug discovery”.
http://www.libelium.com/libeliumworld/articles/
Information visualization presumes that “visual
representations and interaction techniques take
advantage of the human eye’s broad bandwidth
pathway into the mind to allow users to see, explore,
and understand large amounts of information at once.
Information visualization focused on the creation of
approaches for conveying abstract information in
intuitive ways
senseable city lab seaswarm google map
CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.05 CH.06 CH.07 CH.08 CH.09 CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.01

http://infosthetics.com/archives/2010/09/mapping_the_immigration_
Displaying & communicating Displaying & communicating
information: information:
networked ambient displays ambient datacasting

Ambient Devices, Inc. is a privately held

and_emigration_patterns_of_new_yorkers.html
Networked ambient displays often connect
wirelessly, and without a subscription fee, to parts of company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
the Ambient Information Network. that designs and markets various ambient devices for
Vanity ring is an electronic ring that shows the display of information ranging from weather to traffic
number of Google hits when searching for the name reports to stock quotes. The company was founded
by David L. Rose, Ben Resner, and Pritesh Gandhi,

http://www.hostblog.co.uk/
of the person who wears it. every night, when the ring
is inserted into its docking station, the ring is reloaded and is a spin-off from the MIT Media Lab. Ambient’s
& updated to the objective popularity & importance technology can be used to embed realtime, web-
measure of one’s personality. customizable weather forecasts and self-setting local
The Ambient Orb is developed by the Tangible time in the electronics. It makes realtime Internet
Media Lab. The Ambient Orb is a frosted glass ball that weather forecasts (or other Internet-based dynamic
lights up and changes colors to give you information content) available through a simple query language
vanity ring communicating over a 2-wire serial port.
ambient devices
from a variety of Ambient channels, such as weather
information, changes in the stock market (a market
index or personal portfolio), pollen count, traffic
ambient network (disambiguity)

http://www.flickr.com/photos/48600098314@N01/2412023149/
congestion, UV ray levels, and whether someone’s
available on instant messaging. It even has a politics Ambient Networks is a network integration
channel that tells you the likelihood of a candidate design that seeks to solve problems relating to
being elected or presidential approval ratings. switching between networks to maintain contact
with the outside world. This project aims to develop
a network software-driven infrastructure that will
run on top of all current or future network physical
infrastructures to provide a way for devices to connect
to each other, and through each other to the outside
world. For instance, Laptop -> (Bluetooth) -> Mobile
-> (GPRS) -> Mobile phone network.

slashgear.com
tangible media lab - ambient orb device subscribed to free ambient forecast
CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.05 CH.06 CH.07 CH.08 CH.09 CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.01

http://www.google.com/images?q=ELECTRONIC+TOLL&um=1&ie=U
Displaying & communicating Displaying & communicating
information: information:

TF-8&source=og&sa=N&hl=en&tab=wi&biw=1600&bih=815

http://www.flickr.com/photos/14500346@N07/2749476529/
passive taggings -RFID rfid - phycons
“Phycons” enable kids to explore a variety
A passive tag is an RFID tag that does not of content. The geometric, paper constructions have
contain a battery; the power is supplied by the reader. embedded RFID tags that enable content to be
When radio waves from the reader are encountered displayed on the large, interactive screen. The control
by a passive rfid tag, the coiled antenna within the tag “wand” is an infrared light source that acts as a cursor
forms a magnetic field. The tag draws power from it, for controlling on-screen artifacts. “Phycons” let kids
energizing the circuits in the tag. The tag then sends gather and contain new work or access their earlier
the information encoded in the tag’s memory. Radio- work or the previous work of others. Each “phycon” is
frequency identification (RFID) is the use of an object tagged differently and accesses different information.
(typically referred to as an RFID tag) applied to or These tangible are a key element in system and
incorporated into a product, animal, or person for content navigation.
the purpose of identification and tracking using radio
waves. Some tags can be read from several meters
TOLL PASS phycons at thinking spaces
away and beyond the line of sight of the reader.
m2m network
Radio-frequency identification involves

http://www.aradasystems.com/product-detail/electronic-toll-collection-
interrogators (also known as readers), and tags (also Machine-to-Machine (M2M)
known as labels). refers to technologies that allow
Most RFID tags contain at least two parts. One both wireless and wired systems
is an integrated circuit for storing and processing to communicate with other devices
information, modulating and demodulating a radio- of the same ability.[1][2] As defined
frequency (RF) signal, and other specialized by Numerex,[3] M2M uses a
functions. The second is an antenna for receiving and device (such as a sensor or meter)
transmitting the signal. to capture an event (such as
RFID has many applications; for example, temperature, inventory level, etc.),
it is used in enterprise supply chain management which is relayed through a network
to improve the efficiency of inventory tracking and (wireless, wired or hybrid) to an
management. application (software program), that

cordis.europa.eu
translates the captured event into
meaningful information (for example,
items need to be restocked).
tags/

Electronic Toll Collection Tags module sensor/actuator network

CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.05 CH.06 CH.07
Displaying & communicating
information:
networking with arduino shields
In arduino.cc. There is also a list of library
preset items for setting up communication protocols:
Messenger - for processing text-based messages
from the computer
NewSoftSerial - an improved version of the
SoftwareSerial library
OneWire - control devices (from Dallas Semiconductor)
that use the One Wire protocol.
PS2Keyboard - read characters from a PS2 keyboard.
Simple Message System - send messages between
Arduino and the computer
SSerial2Mobile - send text messages or emails using
a cell phone (via AT commands over software serial)
Webduino - extensible web server library (for use with
the Arduino Ethernet Shield)
X10 - Sending X10 signals over AC power lines
XBee - for communicating with XBees in API mode
SerialControl - Remote control other Arduinos over a
serial connection
For Arduino, shields are boards to be mounted
on top of the Arduino board and that extend the
functionality of Arduino to control different devices,
acquire data, etc. A lot of communication protocols
can be used by Arduino with these modular shields.
Many suppliers both supply and manufacture these
sheilds. Here are the examles:
CH.08 CH.09 CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.01
Displaying & communicating
information:
networking with arduino shields
http://madeit.co.cc/computer-network-part-13/
The Xbee shield allows an Arduino board to
communicate wirelessly using Zigbee. It is based
on the Xbee module from MaxStream. The module
http://www.libelium.com/squidbee/
can communicate up to 100 feet indoors or 300 feet
outdoors (with line-of-sight). It can be used as a serial/
usb replacement or you can put it into a command
mode and configure it for a variety of broadcast and
mesh networking options. The shields breaks out
each of the Xbee’s pins to a through-hole solder pad.
It also provides female pin headers for use of digital
pins 2 to 7 and the analog inputs, which are covered
arduino xbee pro shield by the shield (digital pins 8 to 13 are not obstructed by arduino with gps module
the shield, so you can use the headers on the board
itself).
http://www.cooking-hacks.com/index.php/shop/arduino/arduino-gprs-
The Arduino Ethernet Shield allows an Arduino
board to connect to the internet. It is based on the
Wiznet W5100 ethernet chip (datasheet). The Wiznet
W5100 provides a network (IP) stack capable of both
TCP and UDP. It supports up to four simultaneous
http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoEthernetShield
socket connections. Use the Ethernet library to write
sketches which connect to the internet using the
shield. The ethernet shield connects to an Arduino
board using long wire-wrap headers which extend
through the shield. This keeps the pin layout intact and
allows another shield to be stacked on top.
The GPS module for Arduino is a small
electronic circuit that allows to connect to your Arduino
module.html
board to get position and altitude, as well as speed,
date and time on UTC to transmit the position data
via serial port.
arduino ethernet shield gsm/gprs module for arduino
CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.05 CH.06 CH.07
Displaying & communicating
information:
networking with arduino shields
GPRS Module for Arduino offers GPRS
connection to your Arduino board. It includes the HiLo
SAGEM communication module. You can send your
data by SMS or do missed calls from your Arduino to
mobile devices... or to another Arduino connected to
this module.
The WiFly Shield equips your Arduino the
ability to connect to 802.11b/g wireless networks.
The featured components of the shield are a
Roving Network’s RN-131G wireless module and
an SC16IS750 SPI-to-UART chip. The SPI-to-UART
bridge is used to allow for faster transmission speed
and to free up the Arduino’s UART.
Digital FM Radio Shield for Arduinos, fully
assembled and tested. Features include onboard
DSP signal conditioning to help clean signal. RDS
station info (song / artist name, station Call letters).
Measure the signal strength to find strongest or
weakest stations--good for finding an empty band for
your FM transmitter, or auto-programming your radio
in a new location. Includes amplifier for headphones.
Antenna connection point available, uses headphone
wire for antenna by default. Change Volume / Station
with buttons or Serial USB commands
CH.08 CH.09 CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.01
Displaying & communicating
http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_
information:
networking with arduino shields
The Bluetooth® module used is the Bluegiga
WT11, iWrap version (details and datasheet on
the Arduino page). The Bluetooth® module can be
configured with commands set over the serial port
from the ATmega168 (see the iWrap user’s guide
for details). A program to set the name and pass
code of the Bluetooth® module is run once on each
www.robotshop.com
Arduino BT. The name is set to ARDUINOBT and the
pass code to 12345. For complete details, see the
initialization program’s source code. The ATmega168
id=9367
comes preloaded with a bootloader that allows you
arduino WIFI shield to upload sketches to the board via the Bluetooth® arduino bluetooth mate
connection. The bootloader source code is available
in the Arduino SVN repository.
http://store.curiousinventor.com/all-kits/fm-radio-arduino-shield.html
The Infrared Reflectance Sensor Module
carries a single infrared LED and phototransistor pair
in an inexpensive, tiny module that can be mounted
almost anywhere and is great for obstacle detection
of robot and home alert system. The optimal sensing
http://dattein.com/blog/category/arduino/
distance is within 50cm (20 inches).
Building interactive work is as easy as piling bricks,
just plug it to our Arduino Sensor Shield with a buckled
cable, and make it looks professional and neat.
The Infrared Reflectance Sensor Module simply gives
a digital signal when it detects infrared reflection from
a person or object, so the code is exactly as the one
we would use for a pushbutton. Please be noted that,
when reflection is detected, it gives a “low” value.
arduino fm shield on arduino arduino infra-red sensor