ANNOTATED

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

Ambriz, Magdalena V

RWS 1301
 Annotated bibliography

Aaron Hernandez had severe C.T.E. when he died at age 27: New York Times

Ken Belson (2017, September 21) Aaron Hernandez had severe C.T.E. when he died at age 27.
The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/21/sports/aaron-hernandez-cte-
brain.html
Aaron Hernandez was considered an elite tight end. He had a contract set to make $40 million

dollars until an incident occurred. Hernandez was accused for murder and he later committed

suicide. After multiple examinations on his body, results came back in which he suffered from

C.T.E. (Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy), which has led to several former NFL players

committing suicide. This then raises questions about his violent behavior. C.T.E has been known

to cause problems with controlling aggression, mood swings, and poor judgement. This led the

Hernandez family to question the NFL whether they truly cared about player safety. In addition,

it raises questions on the safety of playing tackle football, especially at such a young age. Aaron

Hernandez had been playing football at a young age, and results showed he suffered from brain

damage at an early age. Raising concern to whether football and him suffering from C.T.E had

any influence on his poor decision making; therefore, even costing him his life.

Chronic Traumatic Encephathlophy: current sports medicine results

Yi, June young MD1; Padalino, David J. MD; Chin, Lawrence S. MD, FACS1; Montenegro, Philip
BS; Cantu, Robert C. MD. January/ February 2013. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. Current
sports medicine report, Volume 12 - issue 1- p 28-32. https://journals.lww.com/acsm-
csmr/Fulltext/2013/01000/Chronic_Traumatic_Encephalopathy.10.aspx

CTE was actually found in 1928 but nobody knew what to call it nor what is was, so they had

left it alone and soon called it “punch drunk”. It was another term used for CTE back in the day.
In the 1920’s the disease was mostly presented in boxers. Soon people started finding more

and more cases but called it a different name of “dementia pugillistica,” which is minor defects

and confusion. After in the late 1960’s there was information leading to CTE. The technology

was not as advanced as it is today, although it was classified as a neurodegenerative. Later on,

they did discover how it was fond to be CTE in the brain.

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes

Ann C. McKee, MD, Robert C. Cantu, MD, Christopher J. Nowinski, AB, E. Tessa Hedley-Whyte,
MD, Brandon E. Gavett, PhD, Andrew, MD, Veronica E. Santini, MD,Hyo-Soon Lee, MD, Caroline
A. Kubilus, and Robert A. Stern, PhD (September 24, 2010) Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
in Athletes: Progressive Tauopathy following Repetitive head injury.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2945234/
CTE just isn’t found in Football players, its also found in soccer players and boxers they suffer

a lot just as much as a football player. CTE causes the player to experience many symptoms

such as memory disturbances and personality changes. This caused many well-known football

players to take their own life because they cannot take it anymore. Some say they hear voices

and others just can’t take what it’s doing to them. CTE take a big toll on these players and its

ruins their lives and completely changes them to someone you won’t be able to recognize. The

brain is decomposing in your skull and you don’t even know it.

Ted talk: Protecting the brain against concussion

Gorgens, K. (Speaker). (2010, May) Protecting the brain against concussion. TED talk.
https://www.ted.com/talks/kim_gorgens_protecting_the_brain_against_concussion/up-next
Doctor Kim Gorgens she has a discussion on how you can at least try and prevent a

concussion. Some main points she made in her argument “football and cycling have the most

children admitted to the hospital for a concussion” at 14 years old kids are being sent to the

hospital for concussion, even though they have a helmet. I found it interesting how “People wo
are in football get hit at 103 G’s which is worse than a 40 mile per hour car crash (35 G’S) and a

heavy weight punch to the face (58 G’s’)”. I also found interesting that a high school athlete is

3x more than more likely to sustain a catastrophic injury as much as a college player. I agree

with many of the points made in this video there are multiple facts that were made, some were

proving the point of how where ever we go we are in danger of getting a concussion.

Ted talk: Why helmets do not prevent concussions.

Camarillo, D. (speaker). (2016 April) why helmets don’t prevent concussions

- and what might.
https://www.ted.com/talks/david_camarillo_why_helmets_don_t_prevent_concussions_and_
what_might/up-next
Dr. David Camarillo makes a valid point on how helmets do not protect against a concussion

they produced a mouth guard to help detect how the brain moves when they get hit. I thought

that it was pretty cool of them to do that, understanding how the brain moves on impact with a

mouth piece. They say the mouth piece has “gyroscopes” which are the same things in your

phone to detect movement. They did a test with the Stanford Football team “they gave some of

them the mouth pieces and when they would get tackled they were able to detect how they

were hit”. It was cool how they were able to see the brain move they saw it move side to side

and noticed how the brain stretched.

The New York Times: 110 N.F.L. Brains

Joe Ward, Josh Williams and Sam Manchester (2017, July 25) 110 N.F.L. Brains. The New York
Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/07/25/sports/football/nfl-cte.html
The news article for the New York Times had a Doctor who is a neuropathologist, her name

was Ann McKee she looked through over 202 professional football players brains. Out of all of

the brains half of them were found to have CTE, which is a disease that degenerates the brain.
The found that most of the football players that had CTE were lineman, because they are the

first to get hit due to blocking the quarterback from getting hit. So many of the players who had

the disease age range from 23 to 89 years old, some died way to young just because they got

hit in the head.

Truth doesn’t have a side by: Bennet Omalu

Dr. Bennet Omalu (August 8, 2017) Truth doesn’t have a side. Retrieved from Apple books.

This book was written by the man who found C.T.E. he was the first to present it in front of a

scientist and wanted to bring it up to the NFL. Of course, the NFL wanted to keep this under

wraps swept under the rug, they wanted nothing to do with a pathologist’s research. Dr.

Bennet Omalu fought hard for what he believed in and wanted to make this heard. He lost his

job and had to move cities until another NFL retired player took his life due to CTE. The NFL

finally decided to listen and take better precautions and better care of their athletes.