Running head: EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF DACA 1

Faiza Hasan

Professor Martin

ENGLI 1102

30 April 2018

Exploring the Impact of DACA: An Annotated Bibliography

Abrego, Leisy, et al. "Making Immigrants into Criminals: Legal Processes of Criminalization in

the Post-IIRIRA Era." Journal on Migration and Human Security, vol. 5, no. 3, 2017, p.

694+. Academic OneFile,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A516447495/AONE?u=cod_lrc&sid=AONE&xid=60

2a43f1. Accessed 19 Apr. 2018.

This source discusses how undocumented immigration has become synonymous

to criminality; it talks about US policies in the past which have helped mold these two

concepts together. It gives examples and statistics of how many immigrants have been

deported due to very small offenses such as traffic violations, etc. the article starts to go

into the history of immigration laws from 1996 and onwards which have classified

undocumented immigrants as criminals. The article also gives accounts from young

undocumented immigrants on the types of struggles they face due to the criminalization

problem regarding education, employment, and dealing with bureaucracies. It also

explains the types of hardships these immigrants go through when they have families

with mixed statuses.

Blair, Nicole A. "Illegal immigration overstays its welcome: how the criminalization of unlawful
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF DACA 2

presence in America would help relieve inadequacies in federal immigration law." Ave

Maria Law Review, vol. 10, no. 1, 2011, p. 203+. Academic OneFile,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A302769299/AONE?u=cod_lrc&sid=AONE&xid=a4

625a8c. Accessed 19 Apr. 2018.

This source talks about how illegal immigration will grow and change the

demographics of the United States. It later discusses the weak immigration policies that

are the reason for such an influx of immigrants. The government has not set criminal

penalties for those immigrants who came to the United States lawfully, however,

overstayed their visas and decided to live there. One of the problems described in this

article are that illegal immigration further weakens the authority of the federal

government; this is because the law is not enforced, therefore, it loses authority. Two

more issues discussed are that illegal immigrants increase crime rates as well as increase

the cost to the American economy.

Caplan, Bryan. "Why Should We Restrict Immigration?" Cato Journal 23.1 (2012): 5-24.

George Mason University. Web. 20 Apr. 2018.

This source explains the moral issues of restricting immigration and also debunks

many common misconceptions regarding immigration. It is unjust to restrict immigration

based on race and ethnicity because some people are trying to flee oppressive Third

World countries in pursuit of someplace better. The source also talks about more humane

alternatives for restrictive immigration; with reference to protecting American taxpayers,

America can adopt a policy to either impose a waiting period on benefits or reduce or

limit the amount of benefits an immigrant can receive for a certain time period. The
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF DACA 3

author emphasizes, with facts, the common misconceptions of immigrants “stealing

jobs”, undermining American culture, etc.

Chacon, Jennifer M. "Overcriminalizing immigration." Journal of Criminal Law and

Criminology, Summer 2012, p. 613+. Academic OneFile,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A320069189/AONE?u=cod_lrc&sid=AONE&xid=42

3cdf25. Accessed 20 Apr. 2018.

This source discusses the indirect, preventative measures states took in order to

restrict immigration into their state. They are adopting more and more criminal laws in

order to restrict immigration; one of the points stated was that crime rates were actually

falling when unauthorized immigrant populations were growing. There is no real

correlation between crime and immigration. This misconception is usually fueled by

racism or nativism; natives do not like the idea of having unauthorized immigrants in

their country. The author also addresses that the statement that the government is not

doing anything about restricting immigration is false. The government has been doing

more than it has done in the past to restrict immigration.

Hanson, Gordon H, and Council on Foreign Relations. Maurice R. Greenberg Center for

Geoeconomic Studies. The Economic Logic of Illegal Immigration. Council on Foreign

Relations, 2007.

This report goes in depth regarding the economic outcomes of illegal

immigration. It provides a purely economic point of view on the topic; the benefits and

detriments for illegal immigration are weighed. Undocumented immigrants are more
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF DACA 4

sensitive to the labor market fluctuations, while legal immigrants are less responsive.

Education levels are far less for illegal immigrants; however, they have a strong incentive

to come to America due to the greater increase in earnings. The author goes to say that

immigration increases labor supply, thus generates more income for the economy.

Hanson, Gordon H. "Immigration and economic growth." The Cato Journal, vol. 32, no. 1, 2012,

p. 25+. Academic OneFile,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A282214836/AONE?u=cod_lrc&sid=AONE&xid=04

170d45. Accessed 20 Apr. 2018.

This source explains the role of immigration in innovation; many immigrants are

the masterminds behind groundbreaking technology such as iPhones, fuel efficient cars,

Windows operating system, etc. It also discusses the rising success rates of foreign

students in receiving doctorates in various subjects such as mathematics, computer

science, engineering, and physical sciences. Due to America’s student visa option,

foreigners have the opportunity to obtain their degrees, work, and ultimately receive their

green cards which allow for a path to citizenship. Highly skilled immigrants are not the

only important foreigners; low skilled immigrant also play a major role in the economy.

Low skilled immigration indirectly correlates to the success and productivity to the high

skilled immigrants; thus, allowing for more economic growth for America.

Harrison, Lawrence E. Who Prospers? : How Cultural Values Shape Economic and Political

Success. Basic Books, 1992.

EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF DACA 5

This book delves deeper into the secret of economic and social success; the author

claims that the answer is culture. It mainly focuses on the values, attitudes, and work

ethic that can lead a certain ethnic group to success. The author further explains that the

detriment or deterioration of these unique values is the cause for America’s economic

decline. They give examples of lack of competitiveness, low savings rates, increase of

budget deficit, as well as a growing polarization within the society.

Kerwin, Donald, and Robert Warren. "Potential beneficiaries of the Obama administration's

executive action programs deeply embedded in US society." Journal on Migration and

Human Security, vol. 4, no. 1, 2016, p. 16+. Academic OneFile,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A453294890/AONE?u=cod_lrc&sid=AONE&xid=44

6c06fa. Accessed 20 Apr. 2018.

This source is about how DACA and DAPA (Deferred Action for Parents of

Americans) directly benefits immigrants, but also indirectly benefits other groups. The

DACA youth as well as low unemployment rates of the undocumented population will

help the aging U.S. labor force. They also help meet America’s social security and

medical care obligations because the baby boomer population is expected to double in the

years to come. The article also talks about the DACA population’s education rates, which

are higher than that of the DAPA population. Due to the higher education levels, their

employment rates are also high and expected to inevitably improve over time. It further

explains that immigrants are deeply embedded in the US society and their impacts are felt

throughout America.

Loupe, Leleua, and Acela Minerva Ojeda. "Arguing against nativist theory: the positive impact
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF DACA 6

of immigration in the United States." Forum on Public Policy: A Journal of the Oxford

Round Table, 2007. Academic OneFile,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A192639865/AONE?u=cod_lrc&sid=AONE&xid=ef

e9f4fc. Accessed 20 Apr. 2018

The source talks about the anti-immigration sentiments that people have towards

foreigners coming to their country; it also reveals an explicit racial component that is

attached to this sentiment. Mexican and Latino immigrants are targeted more with these

anti-immigrant arguments even though they only make up one third of the immigrating

groups. It also explains a bias about studies available to the public; most of them focus on

the unskilled/semi-skilled low wage population of immigrants. They do not focus enough

on the impact of higher skilled immigrants to the economy. There is also the

misconception that immigrants take away jobs; even though there is not a fixed number

of jobs that are available for the taking. New immigrants are better for the workforce

because they are able to replace the older generation who are getting ready to retire;

younger employees will ultimately be better for the workforce.

Marinari, Maddalena. "Divided and conquered: immigration reform advocates and the passage of

the 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act." Journal of American Ethnic History, vol. 35,

no. 3, 2016, p. 9+. Academic OneFile,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A451531199/AONE?u=cod_lrc&sid=AONE&xid=4a

1cf65e. Accessed 20 Apr. 2018.

This source discusses the immigration reform that took place during the mid to

late 1900s after World War II. It talks about the struggles the immigration reform
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF DACA 7

advocacy groups faced while trying to convince lawmakers at the time to change their

restrictive immigration system. The article narrows in on the 1952 Immigration and

Nationality Act, also known as the McCarran-Walter Act; it helped reshape immigration

flows and ultimately allowed for American to be the diverse nation it is today. This act

formed the preference system that favored education, family reunification, and economic

potential; it is still used today.

Somin, Ilya. "Immigration, freedom, and the Constitution." Harvard Journal of Law & Public

Policy, Winter 2017, p. 1+. Academic OneFile,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A494741841/AONE?u=cod_lrc&sid=AONE&xid=00

e00f7b. Accessed 20 Apr. 2018.

The author explains that restricting freedom goes against American values in such

a way that it is actually limiting an American citizen’s freedom. Since immigration has

such a huge role in the economy and society, limiting it would indirectly limit an

American’s ability to grow and prosper in the economy. This issue also limits freedom in

the sense that in order to enforce immigration restrictions, the government would have to

do a massive racial profiling. This means that it goes against the fundamental values of

America by using a person’s ethnic background to racially profile them. The author

describes this as racial discrimination and further proves their point by stating that no

other area in federal law openly resorts to this type of discrimination. The article ends by

pointing out that congress actually has no direct power (under the constitution) to restrict

immigration. They also draw similarities between the Interstate Commerce Act as well as

the Foreign Commerce clause and goes on to explain that just as the government cannot
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF DACA 8

ban citizens from moving from one state to another, they cannot ban international

migration.