Structural Analysis of G+2 Residential Building

Introduction:

The structural analysis of the building should be done in various steps. The structure
should be considered with various factors depending on the plan drafted.

Basic Thumb Rules for Analysis

1. Always start the From the Top

2. While analyzing the structure- Imagine you are in the same floor. For example.

3. Always start from the slabs Beams Columns

4. Calculate Dead load/Self weight, Live Load, Service Loads for all components first
and then do the design.
5. Calculate all the moments using Moment Distribution Method.
6. Loads acting on the 2nd floor slabs and beam won’t act on the slabs and beams of
the 1st floor. Similarly on the ground floor.
7. Follow Limit State Method of analysis.
8. Designing and analysis, if done for critical Section, it can be applicable for the
rest.
9. For easy analysis Assume
a. Thickness Of Slab- 120mm*
b. Beam Dimension- 300 X 300*
c. Column Dimension- 300X 300*
*- Subject to Change incase it is unsafe after analysis
Slab Load Calculation and Analysis

1. Calculate the Dead Load/ Self weight, Live Load acting on the Slab
2. Assume width of Slab = 1m

3. Considerthewalls crossing the slab as supports.

4. Using Moment distribution method, calculate the Mid Span moments and the
end Moments.
5. Repeat the same for the other floors also.
6. Draw the BMD & SFD.
Kindly use the excel sheet for calculating the moments.
Don’t consider slabs for small areas.

Results-

- Ultimate moments1 of the slabs will be calculated.

Design of Slabs

- Find Centre of Gravity Depth “xa“

- Using “xa“ Find the neutral axis depth “Z”
- Using “Z”- Find the moment capacity
1. If the moment capacity is less than the Ultimate moment 1 then change the
assumed thickness of slab and restart from Analysis- calculation of load
2. If the moment capacity is greater than the Ultimate moment1 then the slab is
safe- proceed for reinforcement calculation.
3. Assume – the diameter of major reinforcement as – 10mm and minor
reinforcement as 8mm
4. Check for Moment with Area of Steel from the formula.
Beam Load Calculation and Analysis

1. Calculate the Dead Load/ Self weight, Live Load acting on the Beam (dead load=
Slab load + Self weight)
2. Assume the dimensions of beam – 300 X 300
3. Loading area consideration

4. According to the Loading area, find the load acting on each beam. The Center
beams, will bear the highest loads.
5. Using moment distribution method, find the end moments and the mid span
moments1
6. Using the Moment values, also fid the reactions at each supports.
 7. Draw the BMD & SFD.
Results-

- Ultimate moments1 of the beams will be calculated.

Design of Beams

- Find Centre of Gravity Depth “xa“

- Using “xa“ Find the neutral axis depth “Z”
- Using “Z”- Find the moment capacity
- If the moment capacity is less than the Ultimate moment1 then change the
assumed thickness of slab and restart from Analysis- calculation of load
If the moment capacity is greater than the Ultimate moment1 then the beam
is safe- proceed for reinforcement calculation.
5. Assume – the diameter of– 10mm and stirrup as 8mm
6. Check for Moment with Area of Steel from the formula.

Column Load Calculation and Analysis

1. Calculate the Dead load/Self wt and Live load acting on the column. Dead load of
1st floor = Total Dead load on 2nd floor + Dead load on the 1st floor beam and slab.
2. Assume dimensions of the Column – 230X230 mm2.
3. Loading area consideration
 4. According to the Loading area, find the load acting on each Column.Using
moment distribution method, find the end moments and the mid span moments1
5. Using the Moment values, also find the reactions at each supports.
6. After completing one floor, add the load values, from the top floor, to the bottom
floor. The loads on the ground floor columns will be the highest.

Results-
Ultimate moments1 of the columns will be calculated.

Design of Columns

- Find Centre of Gravity Depth “xa“

- Using “xa“ Find the neutral axis depth “Z”
- Using “Z”- Find the moment capacity
- If the moment capacity is less than the Ultimate moment1 then change the
assumed thickness of column and restart from Analysis- calculation of load
- If the moment capacity is greater than the Ultimate moment1 then the
column is safe- proceed for reinforcement calculation.
7. Assume –diameter of rods– 12mm and stirrup as 8mm
 8. Check for Moment with Area of Steel from the formula.
Foundation Load calculation and Analysis

1. Find the Area of Foundation using the Ultimate load from the Critical column
and compare with SBC.
2. Assume the depth of Foundation, in reference with the SBC – Safe bearing
capacity of the soil.
3. Make sure that the site is on Natural ground before using IS code values for
SBC.
4. For load consideration, take the foundation as a cantilever structure, and
using Moment distribution method, calculate the Moments.
Result:

Ultimate Moment1 of the Foundation is calculated.

Design of Foundation:

Calculate Moment capacity using the IS code Formula.

- If the Moment Capacity is less than the Ultimate moment1 of the Foundation,
then change the value of depth of foundation.
- If Moment capacity is Greater than Ultimate moment1, then proceed with the
reinforcement details
- Assume dia of the rods – 16mm for main reinforcement, and 12mm for lateral
reinforcement. Provide necessary spacing.
LOAD CALCULATIONS

FOR SECOND FLOOR

FOR SLAB

Dead load

Self weight on slab = thickness x area x unit weight of concrete

= 0.12 x 87.85 x 25 = 263.55 KN

Floor finishes = 0.5 KN/m2 x area of slab

= 0.5 x 87.85= 43.925 KN

Total dead load =263.55 +43.925 =307.475KN

Live load

Live load on slab = 3 KN / m2 x area of slab

= 3 x 87.85 = 263.55KN

Total load

Loads on slab = live load + dead load

= 263.55+307.475 = 571.025 KN

BEAM

Dead load

Self weight of the beam = beam dimension x unit span x unit weight of concrete

= 0.3 x 0.3 x 1 x 25 = 2.25 KN

Self weight of the parapet wall = parapet wall dimension x unit span

x unit weight of brick

= 0.23 x 0.75 x 1 x 20 = 3.45 KN

Total load

load on beam = self weight of beam + self weight of parapet wall + load on slab

= 2.25 + 3.45 + 571.025 = 576.725 KN

COLUMN

Dead load

Self weight of column = column dimension x floor height x unit weight of conc.

= 0.3 x 0.3 x 3.16 x 25 = 7.11 KN

Total load

Load on column = self weight of column + load on beam

= 7.11 + 576.725 =583.835 KN

FOR FIRST FLOOR

FOR SLAB

Dead load

Self weight on slab = thickness x area x unit weight of concrete

= 0.12 x 87.85 x 25 = 263.55 KN

Floor finishes = 0.5 KN/m2 x area of slab

= 0.5 x 87.85 = 43.925 KN

Total dead load = 263.55 + 43.925 = 307.475 KN

Live load

Live load on slab = 3 KN / m2 x area of slab

= 3 x 87.85 = 263.55 KN

Total load
Loads on slab = live load + dead load

= 263.55 + 307.475 = 571.025 KN

BEAM

Dead load

Self weight of the beam = beam dimension x unit span x unit weight of concrete

= 0.3 x 0.3 x 1 x 25 = 2.25 KN

Self weight of the wall = wall dimension x unit span x unit weight of brick

= 0.23 x 3.16 x 1 x 20 = 14.536 KN

Total load

load on beam = self weight of beam + self weight of wall + load on slab

= 2.25 + 14.536 + 571.025= 878.5 KN

COLUMN

Dead load

Self weight of column = column dimension x floor height x unit weight of conc.

= 0.3 x 0.3 x 3.16 x 25 = 7.11 KN

Total load

Load on column = self weight of column + load on beam + column load on second

floor

= 7.11 + 878.5 +583.835 = 1469.445 KN

FOR GROUND FLOOR

FOR SLAB

Dead load

Self weight on slab = thickness x area x unit weight of concrete

= 0.12 x 87.85 x 25 =263.55 KN

Floor finishes = 0.5 KN/m2 x area of slab

= 0.5 x 87.85 = 43.925 KN

Total dead load = 263.55 + 43.925 = 307.475 KN

Live load

Live load on slab = 3 KN / m2 x area of slab

= 3 x 87.85 = 263.55 KN

Total load

Loads on slab = live load + dead load

=307.475 + 263.55 = 571.025 KN

BEAM

Dead load

Self weight of the beam = beam dimension x unit span x unit weight of concrete

= 0.3 x 0.3 x 1 x 25 = 2.25 KN

Self weight of the wall = wall dimension x unit span x unit weight of brick

= 0.23 x 3.16 x 1 x 20 = 14.536 KN

Total load

load on beam = self weight of beam + self weight of wall + load on slab

= 2.25 + 14.536 + 571.025 = 587.811 KN

COLUMN

Dead load

Self weight of column = column dimension x floor height x unit weight of conc.

= 0.3 x 0.3 x 3.16 x 25 = 7.11 KN

Total load

Load on column = self weight of column + load on beam + column load on first

floor

= 7.11 + 587.811 +1469.445= 2064.366 KN

FOR FOOTING

Self weight of plinth beam = plinth beam dimension x unit span x unit weight of

Concrete.

= 0.23 x 0.3 x 1 x 25 = 1.725 KN

Self weight of the wall = wall dimension x unit span x unit weight of brick

= 0.23 x 3.16 x 1 x 20 = 14.536 KN

Floor finishes = 0.5 KN/m2 x area of slab

= 0.5 x 87.85 = 43.925 KN

Live load on slab = 3 KN / m2 x area of slab

= 3 x 87.85 = 263.55 KN

Axial load on column =2064.366 KN

Self weight of footing = 10% of axial load on column

=( 10/100) x 2064.366= 206.436 KN

Total load on footing = 1.725 + 14.536 + 43.925 + 263.55 + 2064.366 + 206.436

= 2594.538 KN
ANALYSIS OF SLAB BY MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD

UDL = ( load on slab x factor of safety )/ lx

= ( 571.025 x 1.5 ) / 7.741 = 110.649 KN/m.

FIXED END MOMENTS

MFAB = - (WL2 / 12) =- (110.649 X 4.982 ) /12 = -228.67 KNm.

MFBA = + (WL2 / 12) = 228.67 KNm.

MFBC = - (WL2 / 12) = -(110.649 X 4.982 ) /12 = -228.67 KNm.

MFCB = + (WL2 / 12) = 228.67 KNm.

 DISTRIBUTION FACTOR AND MOMENT DISTRIBUTION

Note:
Enter the Values of Flexural Rigidity, Span Length, and Initial Moments
Flexural Rigidity = 1 (For same Slab or Beam Size)

Two Span Moment Distribution Table

A B C
AB BA BC CB
Flexural Rigidity (EI) 1 1
Span Length (m) 4.98 4.98
K 0 0.32 0.248 **
Distribution Factor 0 0.5 0.5 0

Initial Moments -228.67 228.67 -228.67 228.67

Balance 0 0
Carry Over 0 0 0 0
Balance 0 0
Carry Over 0 0 0 0
Balance 0 0
Carry Over 0 0 0 0
Balance 0 0
Carry Over 0 0 0 0
Balance 0 0
Carry Over 0 0 0 0
Balance 0 0
Carry Over 0 0 0 0
Balance 0 0
Carry Over 0 0 0 0
Balance 0 0
Carry Over 0 0 0 0

Final -228.67 228.67 -228.67 228.67

FINAL END MOMENTS

MAB = -228.67
MBA = 228.67
MBC = -228.67
MCB = 228.67
TO DRAW SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

SPAN AB

Taking moment about A,

(RB1 x l) – (wl2/2) - MAB + MBA = 0

(RB1 x 4.98) –[ ( 110.649 x 4.982)/ 2] +228.67 + 228.67 = 0

(RB1 x 4.98 ) – 1372.06 + 228.67 +228.67 =0

RB1 = 183.66KN

RA + RB1 = total load

RA = (110.649 x 4.98) - RB1

RA = 367.37 KN
 SPAN BC

Taking moment about RB2,

(RC1 x l) – (wl2/2) - MBC + MCB = 0

(RC1 x 4.98) –[ ( 110.649 x 4.982)/ 2] +228.67 + 228.67 = 0

(RC1 x 4.98) – 1372.06 + 228.67 +228.67 =0

RC1 = 183.66KN

RB2 + RC1 = total load

RB2 = (110.649 x 4.98) - RC1

RB2 = 367.37 KN

BENDING MOMENT

Span AB : wl2/ 8 = ( 110.649 x 4.982 ) / 8 = 343.81KNm

Span BC : wl2/ 8 = ( 110.649 x 4.982 ) / 8 = 343.81KNm

SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

ANALYSIS OF BEAM BY MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD

UDL = ( load on beam x factor of safety )/ lx

= (576.725 x 1.5 ) / 9.96= 86.85 KN/m.

FIXED END MOMENTS

MFAB = - (WL2 / 12) =- (86.85 x 4.982 ) /12 = -179.49KNm.

MFBA = + (WL2 / 12) = 179.49KNm.

 MFBC = - (WL2 / 12) = -(86.85 x4.982 ) /12 = -179.49KNm.

MFCB = + (WL2 / 12) = 179.49KNm

DISTRIBUTION FACTOR AND MOMENT DISTRIBUTION

Note:
Enter the Values of Flexural Rigidity, Span Length, and Initial Moments
Flexural Rigidity = 1 (For same Slab or Beam Size)
Two Span Moment Distribution Table
A B C
AB BA BC CB
Flexural Rigidity (EI) 1 1
Span Length (m) 4.98 4.98
K 0 0.32 0.248 **
Distribution Factor 0 0.5 0.5 0

Initial Moments -179.49 179.49 -179.49 179.49

Balance 0 0
Carry Over 0 0 0 0
Balance 0 0
Carry Over 0 0 0 0
Balance 0 0
Carry Over 0 0 0 0
Balance 0 0
Carry Over 0 0 0 0
Balance 0 0
Carry Over 0 0 0 0
Balance 0 0
Carry Over 0 0 0 0
Balance 0 0
Carry Over 0 0 0 0
Balance 0 0
Carry Over 0 0 0 0

Final -179.49 179.49 -179.49 179.49

FINAL END MOMENTS

MAB = -179.49
MBA = +179.49
MBC = -179.49
MCB = +179.49

TO DRAW SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

SPAN AB

Taking moment about A,

(RB1 x l) – (wl2/2) - MAB + MBA = 0

(RB1 x 4.98) –[ (86.85 x4.98 2)/ 2] +179.49 +179.49 = 0

(RB1 x 4.98) –1076.95+358.98= 0

RB1 = 144.17 KN

RA + RB1 = total load

RA = (86.85 x 4.98) - RB1

RA = 288.343 KN
SPAN BC

Taking moment about RB2,

(RC1 x l) – (wl2/2) - MBC + MCB = 0

(RC1 x 1) –[ ( 86.85 x 4.982)/ 2] +179.49 +179.49 = 0

(RC1 x 1) – 1076.95+358.98= 0

RC1 = 144.17 KN

RB2 + RC1 = total load

RB2 =(86.85 x 4.98) – RC1

RB2 = 288.343 KN

BENDING MOMENT

Span AB : wl2/ 8 = ( 86.85 x 4.982 ) / 8 = 269.23KNm

Span BC : wl2/ 8 = ( 86.85 x 4.982 ) / 8 = 269.23KNm

SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

DESIGN OF SLAB

1. GIVEN DATA :
Room size = 9.96 m x 8.80 m
Live load = 3 KN/m2
Support thickness = 300mm
Floor finishing = 0.5 KN/ m2
Use M20 and Fe 415

2. DESIGN CONSTANT FOR CONCRETE AND STEEL :

Fck= 20 N / mm2
Fy= 415 N / mm2

3. TYPE OF SLAB:
Ly / Lx = 9.96 / 8.80
= 1.13<2.
Hence our slab is two way slab.

4. THICKNESS OF SLAB:
For two way slab span is less than 3.5m, adopt (span/depth) ratio of 26.

Depth = short span / (26 x modification factor)

Modification factor is 1.4 for Fe 415 steel.
Depth = 4980 / (26 x 1.5)
= 127 mm
Provide 8mm dia bars at cover of 15mm
Effective cover to reinforcement = c.c + (dia/2) = 15 + (8/2) = 19 ~ 20mm
Over all depth required = depth + c.c = 90 + 20 = 110mm
120 > 110
Dprovided>Drequired
Hence safe.
5. EFFECTIVE SPAN:
Actual effective depth for short span = over all dpth req. – c.c
= 110 – 20 = 90mm
Actual effective depth for long span = eff depth – dia
= 90 – 8 = 82mm
Clear span + eff. Depth , short span = 8.80 + 0.09 = 8.89m
Clear span + eff. Depth , long span = 9.96 + 0.082 = 10.042m
Lx = 10.042 m
Ly = 8.89 m

6. LOADS:
Self weight of slab = ( 0.11 x 25 x 1) = 2.75 KN/m
Live load on slab = 3 KN/m
Floor finish = 0.5 KN/m
Total service load = 6.25 KN/m
Ultimate load = 6.25 x 1.5 = 9.375 KN/m

7. ULTIMATE DESIGN MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE :

Ly / Lx = 8.89 / 10.042 = 0.88
Refer IS 456 – 2000 table 27,
αx= 0.062 , αy = 0.062
Mux = αx WUL2 = 0.062 x 9.375 x 4.982 = 14.41 KN.m
Muy = αy WUL2 = 0.062 x 9.375 x 4.982 = 14.41 KN.m
Vu = 0.5 WUL = 0.5 x 9.375 x 4.98 = 23.343 KN

8. CHECK FOR DEPTH :

Mmax = 0.138 Fckb d2
d = √[( 14.41 x 106) / ( 0.138 x 20 x 1000) ]
= 52< 90
Dprovided>Drequired
Hence safe.
 OK SAFE.

9. AREA OF MAIN STEEL :

Ast min = 0.0012 b d
= 0.0012 x 1000 x 110 = 132 mm2 ~ 135 mm2

Mu = 0.87 fyAstd { 1 – [ (fyAst) / ( b d fck ) ] }

( 14.41 x 106 ) = 0.87x 415 x 90 x Ast { 1 – [ (415 x Ast) / ( 1000 x 90 x 20 ) ] }
Ast= 222.87 ~ 225 mm2
Hence use Ast.
10.SPACING OF BARS :
Assume dia of bar 12mm

Spacing = [ 1000 x ( π/4) x 122 ] / 225 = 502 ~ 500 mm

Provide 12 mm dia bars at 500mm c/c spacing distance.

11.DISTRIBUTION STEEL :
Ast min = 135 mm2
Assume 8mm dia bars
Spacing = [ 1000 x ( π/4) x 82 ] / 135 = 372 ~ 400 mm

Provide 8 mm dia bars at 400mm c/c spacing distance.

12.CHECK FOR SHEAR :

Jv = Vu / bd = (23.343x 103 )/( 1000 x 90 ) = 0.25N/mm2
Pt = ( 100 x Ast ) / bd = ( 100 x 225 ) / (1000 x 90 ) = 0.25
From table 19 IS 456 -2000
kJc = 1.26 x 0.36 = 0.45 >Jv
hence shear is safe.
DESIGN OF BEAM

Span / depth = 4.98 / 0.45 = 11.06<12

So, singly reinforced beam.

1. GIVEN DATA :
Clear span = 4.98m
Width of support = 300mm
Live load = 3 KN/m
Use M20 and Fe 415

2. DESIGN CONSTANT FOR CONCRETE AND STEEL :

Fck= 20 N / mm2
Fy= 415 N / mm2

3. CROSS SECTIONAL DIMENSION :

Adopt, span / depth = 20

Effective depth = span / 20 = 4980 / 20 = 249 ~ 250mm
Over all depth = 250 + c.c= 250 + 40 = 290mm < 300mm (provided)
Over all width = 290 < 300 mm ( provided )
Effective span = clear span + effective depth
= 4.98 + 0.17 = 5.15 m
Center to center = 5.15 + 0.21 = 5.36 m
Hence span = 5.36 m.

4. LOADS :
Self weight of beam = ( 0.21 x 0.21 x 25 ) = 1.10 KN/m
Load on slab = 6.25 KN/m
Self weight of wall = 14.53 KN/m
Total service load = 21. 88 KN/m
Wu = 21.88 x 1.5 = 32 .82 KN/m
5. ULTIMATE DESIGN MOMEMNT AND SHEAR FORCE :

Mu = 0.125 Wu L2 = 0.125 x 32.82 x 4.982 = 101.74 KNm

Vu = 0.5Wu L = 0.5 X 32.82 X 4.98 = 81.72 KN

6. TENSION REINFORCEMENT:
Mulim = 0.138 fck b d
= 0.138 x 20 x 210 x 1702 = 16.75 KNm
Mumax= 35.84 KNm
Mu>Mumax>Mulim
Section is under reinforced.

Mu = 0.87 fyAstd { 1 – [ (fyAst) / ( b d fck ) ] }

( 50.83 x 106 ) = 0.87x 415 x 170 x Ast { 1 – [ (415 x Ast/ ( 210 x 170 x 20 ) ] }
Ast= 827 ~ 830 mm2

Astmin = (0.85 b d) / fy= (0.85 x 210 x 170) / 415 =73.12 mm2.

Ast>Astmin , provide 8 bars of 12mm dia bars (904mm2) and 2 hanger bars of
10mm dia on compression side.

7. CHECK FOR SHEAR :

Jv = Vu / bd = ( 81.72 x 103 )/( 210 x 170 ) = 2.28 N/mm2
Pt = ( 100 x Ast ) / bd = ( 100 x 904 ) / (210 x 170 ) = 2.13
From table 19 IS 456 -2000
Jc = 2. 8 >Jv
hence shear is safe.
Nominal shear reinforcement provided using 6mm dia two legged stirrups.
SV = ASV 0.87 FY/ (0.4b) = ( 2 x 28 x 0.87 x 415 )/( 0.4 x 210 ) = 240.7 ~240mm
SV should not greate than 0.75d = 157mm
SV should not greater than 300mm.
Adopt which ever is less.
 Provide 157 mm spacing of stirrupps.

8. CHECK FOR DEFLECTION CONTROL :

Pt = 2.5 ,kt = 0.95
(L/d)MAX = 20 X 1.1 X 1 X 1 = 22
(L/d)PROVIDED = 20.70 < 22 .
Deflection control is satisfactory.
Hence safe.

DESIGN OF COLUMN

1. GIVEN DATA :
Axial load on column = 2064.366 KN
Length = 4.98m
Use M20 and Fe 415

2. DESIGN CONSTANT FOR CONCRETE AND STEEL :

Fck= 20 N / mm2
Fy= 415 N / mm2
3. EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF COLUMN :
Both end fixed,
Effective length = 0.6 x L = 0.6 x 4.98 = 2.98 m
Ultimate load = 1.5 x 2064.366 KN = 3096.54 KN

4. SLENDERNESS RATIO :
= ( effective length / least lateral dimension ) = 2.98 / 0.3 = 9.33<12
Hence column is designed as short column.

5. MINIMUM ECCENTRICITY :
emin = [ ( L/500) + (D / 30) ] OR 20mm
emin= 13.792 or 20mm
emin= 20mm
check,
13.792/ 300 = 0.04 < 0.05
OK
Hence the codal formula for short column is applicable.

6. MAIN STEEL ( LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT ) :

Pu = 0.4 fck Ag + ( 0.67 fy – 0.4fck)Asc
Ag = 300 x 300 = 90000 mm2
686.0865 = 720000 + 270.05Asc
Asc = 2663.63 mm2
Provide 6 nos of 25mm dia bars ( 2946mm2)
The area of steel, = 0.008 b d = 0.008 x 300 x300 = 720mm2

7. LATERAL TIES :
Tie dia< (l/4) x 25 = 6.25mm
>16mm
Hence provide 8mm dia ties
Tie spacing > 400mm
>16 x 20 = 320 mm
 Hence provide 8mm dia ties at 300 mm c/c.

DESIGN OF FLAT FOOTING

1. GIVEN DATA :
SBC of soil = 200KN/m2
Column size = 300 x300mm
P = 2064.366 KN
Use M20 and Fe 415

2. DESIGN CONSTANT FOR CONCRETE AND STEEL :

Fck= 20 N / mm2
Fy= 415 N / mm2
3. CALCULATION OF LOAD :
W =2064.366 KN
WU = 2064.366 x 1.5 = 3096.54KN
4. AREA OF FOOTING :
= (load without factor) / SBC of soil
= 2064.366 / 200 = 10.32 m2
Assume square footing.
Size of footing =√10.32 = 3.2m
Adpt size of footing 3.2m x 3.2m

5. NET UPWARD PRESSURE :

Pnu = factored load / actual area of footing
= 3096.54 / (3.2 x 3.2) = 302.39 KN/m2

6. BENDING MOMENT :
Maximum bending moment will be face of column.
M = F x distance C.G
M = (area x stress) x (0.7/2) = 302.39 x 0.35 = 105.83KNm

7. DEPTH OF FOOTING :
Depth required = √ M / (0.138 FCK b)
= (105.83 x 106) / (0.138 x 20 x 300) = 360.11mm
Adopt 400mm.
Assume cover = 60mm
Over all depth = 460mm.

8. MAIN STEEL CALCULATION :

Ast = 0.5 x (fck/ fy) x {1 – [√1 –(4.6 Mu)/ (fckb d2)]} b d
Ast = 0.5 x (20/ 415) x {1 – [√1 –(4.6x 105.83x106)/ (20x1700x400 x400)]}x
1700 x 400
2
Ast = 1452mm
Astmin= 0.0012 x b x d
= 0.0012 x 1700 x 460 = 938mm2
Use Ast = 938mm2
Use 9 nos of 12mm dia bars at bottom of footing 100c/c.
9. CHECK FOR SHEAR :
Shear force = stress x area
Here area = b2 – (b+d)2
Shear force = 360.11 { 3.2 x 3.2 -[(0.3+0.45)2]} = 3484.96KN
JV = V/Bod
Bo = (2 x (l+b))
Jv = 3484.96 / (1.2 x 0.4 ) = 7260 KN/m2 = 0.007260 N/mm2
Permissible shear stress = 0.25√fck= 1.11>Jc.
OK SAFE.
REFERENCES

 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE –

S. RAMAMURTHAM.
 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN – N. KRISHNA RAJU.
 IS 456 – 2000.
 IS 800 -2007.
 IS 1893 (PART I ) – 2002.