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Contents
I. Introduction
II. Methodology
III. Result & Discussion
IV. Conclusion
V. References.
I. INTRODUCTION
INTEGRAL EQUATION DEFINITIONS:-
Definition (i):-
Integral Equation of convolution type:-
t
Definition (iii):-
Abel’s Integral Equations:-
t
y (u)
An equation of the form ∫ ( t−u ) n du = G(t) is called Abel’s Integral Equation.
0
Where G(t) is known function and ‘n’ is constent such that 0<n<1.
Definition (iii):-
Laplace Transforms:-
t
Here ‘L’ is called laplace Transformation operators. The Parameter ‘S’ is a real and
complex number.
Some Standard Formula in Laplace Transforms
1. L {1 } = 1/p
n!
2. L { tn} =
P n+1
1
3. L { t } =
P2
1
4. L { eat } =
P−a
1
5. L { e-at } =
P+ a
a
6. L { sinat } =
P + a2
2
P
7. L { cosat } =
P + a2
2
a
8. L { sinhat } =
P −a2
2
P
9. L { coshat } = 22
P −a
(n+1)
10. L { tn } = (for rational numbers)
Pn+1
Objectives:-
1. Solving Integral Equations of convolution type.
2. Solving Integro – Differential equations.
3. Solving Abel’s Integral equations.
II. Methodology
Solution:-
Given integral equation is
t
-t
F(t) = e – 2 ∫ F ( u ) cos (t−u ) du
0
( p+1)2 1
f(p) [ ]=
p2 +1 p+1
2
1 p +1
f(p) = .[ ]
p+1 ( p+1)2
p2 +1
f(p) = [ ]
( p+1)3
Taking Inverse Laplace Transform on both sides
-1 -1 p2 1
L { f(p) } = L { } + L-1 { 3 }
( p+1)3 ( p+1)
-t -1 ( p−1)2 1
F(t) = e L { } + e-t L-1 { }
( p)3 ( p)3
-t -1
( p)2 2p 1 t2
= e [L { } - L-1 { }+ L-1 { } ] + e-t
( p)3 ( p)3 ( p)3 2!
-t -1 1 -1
2 t2 t2
= e [L { }-L { 2 }+ ] + e-t
p ( p) 2! 2!
2 2
t t
F(t) = e-t [(1) -2t+ +
2 2
F(t) = e-t [1 -2t+t2]
F(t) = e-t (1-t2)
Which is the required solution.
Problem 2:-
t
Solution:-
Given Integral equation is
t
p2 1
f(p) [ ]=
p2 +1 p
p2 +1 1
f(p)= .
p2 p
2
p +1
f(p)=
p3
1 1
f(p)= +¿ 3
p p
Taking Inverse Laplace Transform on both sides
1 1
L-1 {f(p) } = L-1 { } + = L-1 { }
p p
t2
F(t) = 1 +
2!
Which is the required solution.
Problem 3:-
t
Solve F1(t) = t + ∫ F ( t−u ) cosu du ; F(0) = 4
0
Solution :-
Given equation is
t
1
F (t) = t + ∫ F ( t−u ) cosu du ; F(0) = 4
0
Problem 4:-
t
1
Solve F (t) = sint + ∫ F ( t−u ) cosu du ; F(0) = 0
0
Solution:-
The above equation is
t