Você está na página 1de 7

ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS IN ALLEVIATION

OF POVERTY IN INDIA
Manjunathaiah D,
Research Scholar,
Department of Studies & Research in Social Work,
Tumkur University, Tumkur.
Email: manjumsw07@gmail.com.
Ph-08152900485

Dr.Lokesha M U,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Studies & Research in Social Work,
Tumkur University, Tumkur.
Email: lokeshmu@yahoo.com
Ph-09945502607

INTRODUCTION:
Poverty is well-known in India, with the nation estimated to have a third of the world's
poor. Major determinants of poverty are lack of income and purchasing power attributable to
lack of productive employment and considerable underemployment, inadequacy of
infrastructure, affecting the quality of life and employability etc. NGOs have a important role in
assisting poor to break out of the vicious circle of poverty. Most NGOs consider empowerment
of the poor as their major goal and objective. The empowerment can be as basic as enabling
groups to improve their conditions through socio-economic development programs or projects.
"Empowerment is the ownership of the development process by the people themselves. All
development stakeholders – government, private sector, banks, NGOs and other members of
civil society – must recognize the capacity of the poor to develop themselves as free, responsible
and self-reliant groups and communities and create the environment for individuals to come
together and organize themselves. (IFAD/NGO, 2000)

Poverty in India

Poverty is a significant issue in India, despite having one of the fastest-growing economies in
the world, clocked at a growth rate of 7.6% in 2015, and a sizable consumer economy. The
World Bank reviewed and proposed revisions in May 2014, to its poverty calculation
methodology and purchasing power parity basis for measuring poverty worldwide, including
India. According to this revised methodology, the world had 872.3 million people below the new
poverty line, of which 179.6 million people lived in India. In other words, India with 17.5% of
total world's population had 20.6% share of world's poorest in 2011 (Kharas & Chandy, 16
August 2017.). Since the 1950s, the Indian government and non-governmental organizations
have initiated several programs to alleviate poverty, including Subsidizing food and other
necessities, increased access to loans, improving agricultural techniques and price supports,
promoting education and family planning. These measures have helped eliminate famines, cut
absolute poverty levels by more than half, and reduced illiteracy and malnutrition. Although the
Indian economy has grown steadily over the last two decades, its growth has been uneven when
comparing social groups, economic groups, geographic regions, and rural and urban areas.
Poverty has been a firm and importunate problem in India, all the way through the independence
to decades after that. Role of NGO, especially in a country like India, is very crucial. In fact,
according to current statistics, a huge chunk of the Indian population is still below the poverty
level. Not to mention, the focus of elections and all other political agendas have been around the
concern. Various government subsidies and poverty amelioration mechanisms have been
incorporated in the country. However, most of them failed to offer a commendable result.
Throughout the last few decades, role of NGO’s is extremely significant in poverty amelioration
mechanism. They have brought about some of the best employment opportunities, livelihood
programs, self help groups and also empowerment programs. (Bank, 16 August 2017)
Role of NGO in poverty alleviation
NGO’s play a important role in contribution relief and other basic amenities to individuals
who are pain from extreme poverty. Non-governmental organizations have initiated some
empowerment programs. These programs empower both men and women, thereby offering some
admirable benefits in their lifestyle. NGO’s have brought about some possible and successful,
skill based livelihood programs. Various public services are provided by the NGO’s both at
Macro and Micro levels. NGO’s have also implemented some viable development programs
which are extremely handy for the poverty stricken individuals.

Objectives of the Study

 To know intensity of poverty in India


 To analyze The NGOs models and their impact of poverty alleviation in India

Materials and methods


The present study is based upon secondary data. For the study researcher has collected
data from RUDSET and BAIF websites and analyzed the present intensity of poverty various
NGOs interventions through models to alleviate poverty in Karnataka. In addition to that
Researcher has procured data from census of India.

RUDSET Model
Unemployment is the one major cause for the poverty of Indian citizens, unlike other
developing countries unemployment is the prime challenge India is facing in the process of its
development. Given the development in the educational and skill development lakh of youth
with relatively employable skills are entering the job market every year after completing their
school/collegiate education. The country and the economic development of the country is still
not able to provide the value based well suitable employment to each and every citizen
accordance to his skill and qualification. The need for increasing the self-employment
opportunity for these educated and oriented towards the white collar job youths. One of such
innovative experiment is that Rural Development & Self Employment Training Institute
(RUDSETI) a unique initiative in mitigating the problem of unemployment was taken a way
back in 1982. RUDSETI has shown remarkable progress in wellbeing of the people. (Twikirize,
2013)
Rural Development & Self Employment Training Institute (RUDSETI) a unique
initiative in mitigating the problem of unemployment was taken a way back in 1982 jointly by sri
Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Educational trust, Syndicate bank and Canara bank under the
visionary leadership of Dr.D Veerendra heggade, Dharmadhikari of Dharmasthala. the collective
thinking gave concrete shape in providing an institutional framework in the form of rural
development & self employment training institute in 1982.

Eligibility

Any unemployed youth in the age group of 18-45 years, irrespective of caste, creed,
religion, gender and economic status, having aptitude to take up self employment or wage
employment and having some basic knowledge in the related field can undergo training which is
totally free. Interested candidates may apply to the nearby institute as per the application format
given below and addresses of the Institutes are also available on this website.

Various training Programs


`RUDSETI offers more than 60 types of Entrepreneurship Development Programs in
various avenues. All the programs are of short duration intervention ranging from one to six
weeks. Mainly Entrepreneurship Development Programs (EDP) for First Generation
Entrepreneurs are classified in to four categories as shown :Agricultural EDPs- such as
Comprehensive Agriculture & Allied Activities, Comprehensive Horticulture, Sericulture ,Dairy
Farming, Poultry, Piggery, Mushroom Cultivation, Sheep Rearing, Cultivation of Medicinal &
Aromatic Plants, Bee Keeping, Dairying & Vermi composting, Advanced Dairy Management,
Plant Nursery Managemen etc. Product EDPs- Gems & Artificial Jewellery, Handicrafts
Manufacturing, Hand Embroidery, Dress Designing for Men, Dress Designing for Women,
Jardosi and Maggam Work, Stained Glass Etching & Painting, Lambani Kasuti & Karnataka
Kasuti, Agarabathi Making, Soft Toys Making, Preparation of Domestic Products, Manufacture
of Utility Items from Waste, Embroidery & Fabric Painting, Paper Cover, Bag, Envelop & File
Making,

Programmes for the established entrepreneurs: Apart from organizing


entrepreneurship development programme (EDP) for first generation entrepreneurs, institutes
also organize skill-up gradation programmes & growth programmes for the established
entrepreneurs, the details of which are as shown: Skill up gradation programmes & growth
programme: advanced digital photography, digital film making, servicing of digital television &
digital electronics, maintenance of domestic equipments, computerized sticker cutting, exclusive
designer wear, export oriented Jewelery, original stain glass painting, laptop maintenance and
servicing, advanced mobile servicing, advanced beauty parlor (RUDSETI, 2015)

BAIF Model
The BAIF is charitable organization based in Urali Kanchan near Pune in Maharashtra,
India that pioneers agricultural development. The Organization’s main activity early in its history
was breeding of high yielding cows. This involved cross breeding European cattle varieties BAIF
was a dream of Mahatma Gandhi realized by Dr. Manibhai Desai at Urulikanchan in 1967, to
replicate his experiences in rural development. (Ramdas & Ghotge, 2006)

Programs for poverty alleviation

Livestock Development
BAIF Introducing Artificial insemination, Coverage of cattle, buffaloes and goats,
Support Activities: Minor veterinary care, forage production, feeding the impact is Milk yield,
Increase in annual income: Rs. 7,000-8,000 ,Livelihood for women, Food and nutritional
security, Employment generation. Livestock Development is BAIF’s flagship programme
reaching 3.0M familie. Poverty alleviation: Thousands of families helped out of poverty as a
family with 3 crossbreds can earn an additional income of Rs. 20,000-24,000 /year (US $400-
480).Coverage: 3.0 M families across 55,000 villages in 12 states; 0.65 M crossbred cows
producing milk worth US $500 M. Milk Yield: Average milk yield increased from 250 kg/
lactation to 1000 kg/ lactation of livestock in India. Genetic Improvement: Provided over 3 M
doses of superior quality frozen semen to various State Animal Husbandry Departments for
breed improvement

Supplementary Non-farm Income Programmes

Technical training for Agri-business activities – mango pickles, cashew processing,


Mushroom production Processing of medicinal herbs, Off-farm activities – flour mills,
consumer stores.Impact is - Processed foods sold under Vrindavan brand name, Silk Mart shop
at Urulkanchan selling silk garments produced by participants , Retail outlets of women groups
selling food and herbal products, Women entrepreneurs, Environmental Sustainability:
Biodiversity conservation – medicinal herbs,Financial Sustainability: Sustainable on its own as
BAIF only conducts training related to new activities; services are a source of income generation

Water Resources Management

Participation of entire community for building watersheds through water users’ groups,
Gully plugging, contour bonding, fortified by vegetation for soil and water conservation,
Network of farm ponds, Use of technology – Geo Information System and Remote Sensing.
Impact-Assured water in 800 villages, benefiting 77,000 families,0.4M ha covered by 500
watersheds, Additional employment of 158,000 person days, 20-25% increase in cropping
intensity and 30-40% increase in crop yields, Improvement in quality of life.

Environmental Sustainability: Soil conservation - Increase in soil fertility, Water


conservation – Increase in ground water table, Improvement in micro-climate, Impact of Farm
Pond Activity.
Use of community wastelands for fodder Education, Health and Awareness, Poor
access to health services, Malnutrition problems , Women literacy rate – 45% compared to 65%
for total population, Lack of exposure to information and technology, Low self confidence.

Capacity Building

No source of livelihood, Social position of women - traditionally do not have any decision
making powers, Women bear burden of multiple responsibilities - managing household, children
and even work as farm laborers without any recognition, Suffer from deprivation and neglect,
Field visits for micro-credit and community development, Self Help Groups (SHGs) mobilize
savings and credit and micro-enterprises, Leadership Development, Special programme for
socially challenged women.Impact-10,000 SHGs formed, 1,250 SHGs linked with banks ,115
types of different micro-enterprises promoted,Confidence building in rural women ,Developed
ability to manage successful business ,Participation in village administration.BAIF is providing
techno-managerial support to other organisations for wider replication,Livestock Development in
practice ,Programme Impact,Sustainable Agriculture. (BAIF, 2017)

Conclusion
In India NGOs are played an increasingly prominent role in the development sector as
innovative and Grassroots Organizations with the desire and capacity to pursue participatory and
people cent red forms of development and to fill gaps left by the failure of the government in
meeting the needs of their poorest citizens. Poverty is widespread in India because the human
resource facing lock of skills and competency so Its creates more unemployment problems and
also decrees purchasing power of people. In indie RUDSETI and BAIF NGOs are engage the
poor in capacity-building activities through skill development training and introducing of
sustainable agriculture technology as a major component in their programs and projects. The
researcher had shown the models of these NGOs in poverty alleviation in India.
References

IFAD/NGO, 1. (2000). REPORT ON 10 IFAD/NGO CONSULTATION. Pune,india: IFAD.

Kharas, H., & Chandy, L. (16 August 2017.). "What Do New Price Data Mean for the Goal of
Ending Extreme Poverty. Washington D.C: Brookings Institution.

Bank, w. (16 August 2017). "Inclusive Growth and Service delivery: Building on India's Success.
World Bank. 2006.
Twikirize, N. A. (2013). the role of social work in poverty reduction and realization of in
Uganda. Kampala: Fountain Publishers,.

RUDSETI. (2015).: http://www.rudseti.org.in

Ramdas, S. R., & Ghotge, N. S. ( 2006, August). TIndia's Livestock Economy: The Forsaken Dry
lands.

Department of Planning, P. M. (March 2016). Economic survay of karnataka 2015-16.


Bangalore: Government of karnataka

BAIF. (2017). http://www.baif.org.in.

Você também pode gostar