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in
= −
−π π
( )
−
! " # = − =
π
θ π π
$ % =& θ+ θ =& + =
∴ () = ( π
) = −π
= − = − = =
' '
! + = + =
' '
( ,) = ( ,) '
'
,= = +
= #
∴ * ' " =
8 /' 0 1 2 #( ) = (3) =
5 . : & / () . : &
+ +
/ ()
+ +
− −
( + + ) ( + + ) ( + + ) ( + + )
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written permission.
'
( ) ↔ ,( ) ( )↔ −' ,( )
. ,( )= + +
' +
( )→−' + +
=
+ +
) !
;+ = ( ; ) ';
π<
;
π
( ; ) '; = π ;+
'; −
;+-
';
>= 5 − <
- = ?: − @
1 #? : = 5# " )& ( ((π A (( ) = / & (ω + α)
9= / ?: = × ) × 5 = )($
+< Ω <Ω
− (
(C (C
+<
− + + −
+<
(
− <Ω Ω
(
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written permission.
Ω <Ω
(
(C (C
(C <Ω Ω
− + + −
(
− <Ω Ω
= (× =
+< +<
:
E = (
( )
; &
3' & 3 + & / &
' = )((Ω
Ω
(−( B
=
((( + )(( ( BC
6- (C )((Ω
= =7 /
)((
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written permission.
6 . / ' & % + ' ' + & &
%Ω 660
6%Ω
((Ω
0
( + 660 )
% 0
+ + +
660 6%Ω C C ((Ω C
6% − − 660 −
((Ω
(−( B
= =7 /
% + )((
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written permission.
3 / &
( + 6( + ) )
!( )= & ' 03 (ω ) . '3
( + )( + -) ( + 5 )
3 / ;
ω= ' ω= ' ω=- ' ω=5 '
E '3 3 /
3( ) = !( <ω) (ω + !( <
ω) )
3( ) 0 ;
!( <ω) & 0 ;
!( <
ω) =
( −ω )
+6 ω +5
ω + ω +6 ω + 7
ω=- ' &
!( <
ω) = (
3( )=(
. 2 0 & / +& 0
+ 0 . /0 & /0 &
+&
5 7 D (
( ( ( ( (
( ( ( (
( ( ( (
( ( (
( ( (
( ( (
( ( (
( (
( ( (
( (
( ( (
( (
( (
(
(
(
. 7 & /0 +&
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written permission.
- / ' & & (1 2 >) = ( - 5 )) / / &
12 12 12 12> 12>
12> 12> 12 12> 12> 12> 12>
3
;
(( ( (
( ( (
( (
/ & 3; 3; 3; 3;
. / / & 3 ' 3
:G
H = :GH
= :G+ H
H = :G+ H
:G " ' ' "
H =
I & '
H =
:G " ' " "(
H =H
I & '
H =H
. & '' && & &
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written permission.
) = ( -) − ( ) + & + & (?J ) ;
/ ; 0
< ; <- < ; < < ; <- < ;
- - -
= ( -) −
( -) ?J
-
< ; <-
( ) ?J ; >
)C
'
−
& & C
' &
+
π
/C π/C π/C 5 π/C
& 0 /
" DI /
' / +"( I /
3
0
+ + / = ( (( %+
' ' ' ( − 3)
' ' '
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written permission.
6 . & > J ' K ' 3 / / + .
( − −.
) ( − −.
) −. −.
. 3 9I ' ' (6 $ . 0 C C
&' & /$ ? 0 '
+)C
−
C
+
−)C
( 6Ω Ω ( 6% Ω %Ω
)C
( ( ( / (/ )
−)C
5C )C DC (C
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written permission.
5 , & & + + '&
( )= (ω ) + - (-ω ) ' ( )= (ω −φ )+ - (-ω − φ- ) + ) ()ω )
. + / ' 03 $ /
( )
/
( )
: '
= + + + = + + +
5
= + + + = = × =
5 5 - -
−
5
B !
−) −- (
= ' " -
( (
) A 6 A-( BA ) BA
) -
! " #
(
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written permission.
−) − λ −-
& & * λ =( =(
(−λ
( −) − λ ) ( −λ ) + 7 = ( )λ + λ + 7 = (
λ = −)λ − 7 ' λ- = −)λ − 7λ = −) ( −)λ − 7 ) − 7λ
λ- = )λ − 7λ + -( = 6λ + -(
3 & & & * #∴ -
= 6 + -(
$ % ∇ =
∂
∂
( )
I ∇ =
∂
∂
( )
=
∂
∂
(% ) = K %
( + ) +
= % ( + ) +
∴, ∇ =( ( + )=( =−
6 . / / / ( )= -
−6 + 5 +) 7
) 5 57
19 ! ( )= -
−6 + 5 +)
-( ' *
' 3( )+ '3 ( )+3 '3
( ) = δ( ) 3( ) = (−
=− ' =(
' ' ' = (−
'3
. / &
' = (+
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written permission.
' 3( )+ '3 ( )+3
' '
( ) = δ( )
+ −' /
3( )− 3 (() − 3 =
(() + 3( ) − 3 (( ) + 3( )=
+ + 3( )+ +5=
−- −
3( )=
( + + )
, ' & /
3( )= − −
− −
()
'3 ( ) − − −
= + −
'
'3 ( ) = − =
' +
=(
- C − C = 7C C −C
? C Ω C ?
?
?
? − (C
? Ω
+
?
+ −
)C C C
)C C -C 7C
C −C 7
= = = - #E & & + 3 % /
+ C −C 0 & "-
? C Ω C ?
?
?
? − (C
? Ω
+
?
+ −
)C C C
C C
≡ C
− + -
C
C
C = + - + C = ) + C #C − C = −)C
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written permission.
- / + 0 + & ? &
/ / / ' /& & & &
Ω ?
+ +
(C − <Ω -C
− −
( DF 5F F DF
B 7 + (? 5 + B(?
9 ' /& & & & "C " =
?A ?+ (? + )
(−- B B? 7 + (?
= = #C"-A ?"-A =
+? +? A? +?
'9 (? + ) (B( ) − ( 5 + B(? ) (? + )
= =(
(? + )
5
'?
Ω ? ?
+
+ + + +
(C − <Ω
−
-C ≡ (C C
−
-C
− −
−
B( (? + ) = ( 5 + B(? ) (? + ) #) (?A ) = (- + )? )
)? + ( = 7 + (?#5")?#?"( DΩ
-- . + + & & 0
- BC
%Ω
((%Ω
β = ((
(%Ω
≈ (( ≈ (( ≈ ( ≈ (
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written permission.
C
((% %
(%
((%
−
GC: - B ( + ) % − ((% ( ) − ( B= (
= 66µ # = β = ( 66/ # = /
7/ ( ((% QQ % )
∴ = = 7Ω#; = β = 7%Ω# ∴ = =5
7
((% ;=
; == ; QQ = Ω# = = (5 )
+5 +
; =? + (%
≈ (
-5 . 0 ' & :. 3 / + 03
( ( (
= ( ( + ( #3" ( ( ()
- ( ( - -
-
3 ' . 3 / & 0
≠ (# = (# - ≠ ( = (# ≠ (# - ≠ (
= (# ≠ (# - = ( ≠ (# = (# - = (
. & 0 3/
=
( (
= ( (
- ( (
(
= (
( (
& 0 3 / = ( (
( (
3 / 0
≠(
& 0 ' /
≠(
& 0 3
- & 0 ;
/ ' 0 ;
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written permission.
-) . ' + / +&& &
− M81
H 1
2
:G H 1(
&
= = ( = ( = (
= =
H = ( H = H = ( H =
= ( =
= ( = ( = =
= ( = (
H = ( H =
H = ( H =
= (
=
=( 3=H
= + /
= 3=H
=(
= =( = + ++ '
H=( H=
=(
-7 . , / + R "( &
K< ω) ( ω) ω .
(
5
ω = ()
=
ω
−
ω
ω
&
ω ( )= ( −
= ) + =( + )
ω −<
ω ω
<
+
ω
−- -
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written permission.
-B : 3 ' &
∞ %
3 = +( − %)
% =(
∞ %
3 ( = + ( −% ) =
% =(
J
+ (() =
+ =(
+ G( + ) 2( )
?( ) -
+ + +
−
+ !( E ) K( E ) = E- + + ( + %) + +%
-
( + %)
( + %)
( + %) − ( + %) (
( + %)
+%
, 3 / & ( + %) − ( + %) = ( =
+%
+%
+ ( + %) = ( = =
+% = 5 % =
. = ( B)
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written permission.
-6 . & &
?
? +
+)C
+ −
+ −
−
−)C
= '
-'
(? +? )
+ -' = '
?
-' = '
?
+ = '
-'
(? +? )
?
C( E = − υ ( )
? +
E
? E
CJ ( E ) = − C (E)
(? E+ )
. & * &3
?
' +
/ ' 0 0 ' /
/ ' 0 / ' 0
3 = τ & -τ 'τ
−∞
: 0 0 ' ' / %
3 0 ' ' . E3 / 0
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written permission.
5 ' 0 & ' & 0 / ' / )//
& 0 / & () . / / / & +
'0 ' ' & 0 / 0
55// )(// 5 --// ) ((//
5 + / / + $ / +
(% Ω ' 55(C ' / + D(% Ω ' -) C ,
/ + 5(% Ω / '
-B C -D-C -65C 5(7C
( )/
"5&/
' = // '&
C
* τ
3 / /
5C )C (C 7C
-
5) $ ' 3 (((%+/ ' &3 ' & ' / ' / / / '
+ ; ' / ( ()/ & 0 & ' '
& + / ' & 0 +
' & / ' 03 & 0 (%9
' & ' /
− − − −
/ / / /
(( ) B) ( )( ( 5( )
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written permission.
57 8 0 / / 0 ' / ' * ' ; & 3
/ * ' ' C * &3 &
* ' 0 / ' / 0
+ +C + +
π π π C π
-
C
π − π −
θ = − θ = −
5 5 -
! " # $ "
% & '
- B ) B 6B
7C BC DC 6C
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written permission.
! " # $ "
% & '
) 0 ' / :C . / '
= / ' " / & / & / 3 +
5
&
B 5( B7 - )
(% )* $ "
% & "
. & & / +
+
!& ( )=
+0
) !& ( ) '& /
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written permission.
− ω − ω
φ= −
β
− ω − ω
' φ '0 + > <0
β
0 '
0 ';
?KE 0
J +
)- . 0 '& / / / /
' - '
7 ' '
-
C
?:
C- : '
C
1
)5 . & '
( 5) ( )( ( )) ( 7(
)) ? : = )Ω / & / '
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written permission.
)7 / / + 0
& / + &
,#" "%) -
)% ")" -
% ) . ///////// " "
" $"
" 0-
' % %
' % %
)B ( (( ) )6
=-) ' ( (( ) (7
= BD) ( (( )-- =
- 5 - -B B75
(( "
)6
=- ) ' (7
= BD)
--
= )6 (7
=- ) BD) = B75
7( / ' / + 0 & /
+ &
5%
4 " %$ #" %
"$"
% " " )" # . % //
%6 %4
0 ++ 3 / & < 3 & &
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written permission.
7 ? < 5 & &3 &% & + 3 ? ( ' ?
( . / 3 ? -( . /0 ? (
? <
) 7 6 (
: /0 ? ( 0 '? ( 0 3
( A (3 " -(
A 3 " 5
"6 ' 3")
K & /0 ( )
$ & + / 0 / / + 0
+ T
. + +/ / & &3 ? /
+ ' & & / &
. + ' / 3 / /
& / U & /
. ' & & + 0<& ' ' ''
'& ' 0 + + /
/ ?
)E
9M 9 ) 9M
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written permission.
J 0 ' / /
. / & " 7( 7( " -7((
, 0 & " J V 9H?E
)B) B
∴. * ' 0 0 3" =
-7(( 7
75 . ' + + 0 // ; / 3 0 '+
+ '
"3 * $ "81 9
, ' 5(((
+ ((
? (((
E + )((
J D((
. / & + / 3 0 '+ +
(W 5W D W D7W
- 5 5 D
: & + ; 0 + +
- -
+ +
7 7
- " - - X -
. '0 E 3 Y
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written permission.
)
%
3 %3
Y " -
L Y
L
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written permission.