TITLE 1. Art. 114 – Treason 2.

Performs UNLAWFUL or
UNAUTHORIZED ACTS
Breach of allegiance to a government
3. That PROVOKES a WAR involving the
Elements: PHILIPPINES or expose Filipino citizens to
REPRISALS (retaliation) on their persons
1. Filipino citizen or Alien (residing in the or property
Philippines)
2. There is WAR Art. 119 – Violation of Neutrality
3. Levies war or
1. There is a WAR; the PH is NOT involved
4. Adheres to the enemies, gives them
2. There is a REGULATION issued for the
comfort
PURPOSE of NEUTRALITY
Art. 115 – Conspiracy to commit treason 3. The OFFENDER violates such
REGULATION
Proposal to commit, not punishable. Only
agreement to commit Art. 120 – Correspondence with hostile
country
Art. 116 – Misprision of Treason
1. Applies to ANY PERSON in time of WAR
1. Filipino citizen ONLY 2. The PH is INVOLVED
2. Has KNOWLEDGE of any conspiracy 3. The OFFENDER COMMUNICATES with
3. CONCEALS or does NOT DISCLOSE the the ENEMY COUNTRY or TERRITORY
same to proper authorities OCCUPIED by the enemy.
Art. 117 – Espionage Art. 121 – Flight to Enemy’s country
Paragraph 1 (NOTE: what is necessary is his 1. There is a WAR; PH is INVOLVED
PURPOSE, regardless if he has obtained the 2. The OFFENDER owes ALLEGIANCE to the
information or not) GOVERNMENT
1. Applies to ANY PERSON WITHOUT 3. There is a REGULATION PROHIBITING a
AUTHORITY PERSON to GO to the enemy country
2. ENTERS a warship, fort, naval or military 4. ATTEMPTS to FLEE or GO TO ENEMY
establishment or reservation COUNTRY
3. To OBTAIN INFORMATION Note: MERE ATTEMPT is PUNISHABLE
Paragraph 2 Art. 122- PIRACY in GENERAL and MUTINY on
1. Applies to PUBLIC OFFICER the HIGH SEAS or PHILIPPINE WATERS
2. He has in POSSESSION any data or Modes of Committing:
information
3. DISCLOSES the information to a 1. Attacking or Seizing a vessel on the HIGH
REPRESENTATIVE of a FOREIGN NATION SEAS or Philippine Waters
2. Seizing the WHOLE or PART of the Vessel
Art. 118 – Inciting to war or giving motives for
reprisals Elements:

Note: Committed in time of PEACE 1. Vessel is on the HIGH SEAS or Philippine

Waters
1. Applies to PRIVATE INDIVIDUAL who 2. Offender NOT a MEMBER of the vessel

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 3. He ATTACKED OR SEIZED THE PART OR
WHOLE OF THE VESSEL
NOTE: Committed in HIGH SEAS and
PHILIPPINE Waters; Offender NOT a member
In PD 532 – Applies to ANY VESSEL;
Committed by ANY PERSON (including the
passenger); Applies to PHILIPPINE Waters
ONLY
Art. 123 – Qualified Piracy
2. That there is a JUDICIAL or EXEC ORDER
on the RELEASE of the Prisoner
3. WITHOUT GOOD REASON, delays those
mentioned above.
Art. 127 – Expulsion
Punishable Acts:
1. EXPELLING a person from the Philippines
2. COMPELLING a person to CHANGE his
RESIDENCE

1. When they have SEIZED the vessel by Elements:

BOARDING or FIRING
1. PUBLIC OFFICER OR EMPLOYEE
2. PIRATES ABANDONED their victims
2. NOT AUTHORIZED to
WITHOUT MEANS of SAVING themselves
3. EXPEL ANY PERSON from the PH or
3. If accompanied by MURDER, HOMICIDE,
COMPEL to CHANGE his RESIDENCE
PHYSICAL INJURIES or RAPE
Art. 128 – Violation of Domicile
TITLE 2. Art. 124 – Arbitrary Detention
Punishable Acts:
1. Any PUBLIC OFFICER or EMPLOYEE
2. DETAINS a PERSON 1. Entering any dwelling AGAINST the WILL
3. WITHOUT LEGAL GROUNDS of the OWNER
2. SEARCHING PAPERS WITHOUT the
Art. 125 – Delay in the delivery of detained
CONSENT of the OWNER
persons to proper judicial authorities
3. REFUSING to LEAVE the PREMISES after
1. Public Officer or Employee being REQUIRED to LEAVE.
2. DETAINED a person for SOME LEGAL
Elements: committed by PUBLIC OFFICER or
GROUND
EMPLOYEE where he is NOT AUTHORIED to
3. FAILS to DELIVER to PROPER authorities
ENTER the DWELLING of the offended party.
within: 12 hours; 18 hours; and 36 hours.
Art. 129 – Search Warrants Maliciously
Art. 126 – Delaying release
obtained, and abuse in the service of those
Committed by: legally obtained

1. Delaying the PERFORMANCE of a Punishable Acts:

JUDICIAL or EXECUTIVE ORDER for the
1. Procuring a search warrant WITHOUT
RELEASE of the PRISONER
JUST CAUSE;
2. Unduly delaying the SERVICE of the
2. EXCEEDING his AUTHORITY
notice of such order to said prisoner
3. Unduly delaying the PROCEEDINGS Elements: PUBLIC OFFICER or EMPLOYEE;
Procures a search warrant WITHOUT JUST
Elements:
CAUSE.
1. Any Public Officer or Employee
Art. 130 – Searching Domicile WITHOUT
witnesses

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 1. PUBLIC OFFICER or EMPLOYEE
2. He is ARMED with SEARCH WARRANT
legally procured
3. He SEARCHES the DOMICILE, PAPERS or
other belongings
4. That the OWNER, ANY MEMBER of the
family, or TWO WITNESSES RESIDING in
the same locality are NOT PRESENT.
Art. 131 – Prohibition, interruption, and
dissolution of peaceful meetings
Punishable acts:
1. Prohibiting or interrupting WITHOUT
LEGAL GROUND, the holding of a
peaceful meeting or by DISSOLVING the
same.
2. HINDERING any PERSON from joining
any lawful association or attending any
meetings
3. PROHIBITING or HINDERING from
addressing any petition to the
authorities for the correction of abuses
or redress of grievances.
ELEMENTS: PUBLIC OFFICER or EMPLOYEE;
he performs any of the ACTS mentioned
above. (NOTE: Not applicable to PRIVATE
INDIVID)
Art. 132 – Interruption of religious worship
1. Applies to PUBLIC OFFICER or EMPLOYEE
2. That he PREVENTS or DISTURBS
3. The RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES or
MANIFESTATIONS of ANY RELIGION
about to take place or on-going.
Art. 134 – Rebellion or insurrection
Rebellion – overthrow and supersede the
existing government; Insurrection – seeks to
effect some change of minor importance or
prevent the exercise of governmental
authority
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1. There is (a) PUBLIC UPRISING and (b)
TAKING OF ARMS against the
government
2. PURPOSE:
2.1 To remove from the allegiance of the
government or its laws;
2.2 Any body of land, naval or other
armed forces; or
3. to deprive the president or congress,
wholly or partially of their powers
Art. 134 (A) – Coup d’etat
1. Offender belongs to the MILITARY or
POLICE or holding any PUBLIC OFFICE or
EMPLOYMENT
2. SWIFT ATTACT accompanied by
VIOLENCE, INTIMIDATION, THREAT,
STRATEGY or STEALTH
3. Attack directed to AUTHORITIES or any
MILITARY CAMP
4. PURPOSE: to SEIZE or DIMINISH state
power
Art. 137 – Disloyalty of Public Officers
Note: Offender must be a PUBLIC OFFICER or
EMPLOYEE
Punishable Acts:
1. Failing to resist a rebellion bt all the
means in their power
2. Continuing to discharge the duties of
their offices under the control of the
rebels
3. Accepting appointment to office under
them
Art. 138 – Inciting Rebellion or I
1. Offender does not take arms or not in
open hostility against the government
2. Incites others to the execution of any of
the acts of rebellion
3. Inciting done by: speeches,
proclamations, writings, emblems,
banners or other representations
 Note: Inciting to commit (publicly);
proposal to commit (secretly)
Art. 139 – Sedition
1. PUBLIC UPRISING and
TUMULTUOUSLY
2. Employ Force, Intimidation, or other
means outside of legal methods
3. Purpose:
a. To prevent the promulgation or
execution of any law or the
holding of any popular election
b. To prevent the National
Government or any provincial or
municipal government to freely
exercise their functions
c. To inflict any HATE or REVENGE
upon the person or property of
any public officer or employee
d. To commit for any political or
social end, any act of hate or
revenge
e. To despoil for any political or
social end
Note: Rebellion (taking of arms); Sedition
(tumultuously)
R – always political; S – political or social
Art. 148 – Direct Assaults
Crimes against public order. Punishible acts:
1. WITHOUT PUBLIC UPRISING, by
employing force or intimidation for the
attainment of any of the purposes
enumerated in the defining the crimes of
rebellion and sedition
2. WITHOUT PUBLIC UPRISING, by
attacking or employing force or seriously
resisting any person in authority or any
of his agents
Elements (1)
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1. Offender employs Force or Intimidation
2. Aims is to ATTAIN any of the purposes in
the crime of Rebellion or Sedition
3. WITHOUT PUBLIC UPRISING
Elements (2)
1. Offender makes (a) attack (b) employs
force (c) intimidation (d) serious
resistance
2. Person assaulted is person in authority
or his agent
3. This person in authority or agent is
engaged in their actual performance of
duties
4. Offender knows that the person is a
person in authority
Two Kinds
a. Simple assault
b. Qualified assault – committed with
weapons; offender is a public officer or
employee; offender lays hands upon a
person in authority
Art. 152 – Persons in Authority and Agents of
Persons in Authority
Mayor; Division Superintendent of Schools;
Pub and Priv school teachers; Teacher-nurse;
President of sanitary divison; Justice of the
Peace; Councilors; Bgy Captain and
Chairman
Art. 153 – Tumults and Other Disturbances
of Public Order or Interruption liable to
cause disturbance
1. Causing any serious disturbance in a
public place, office or establishment
2. Interrupting or disturbing performance,
functions or gatherings or peaceful
meetings
3. Making any outcry (shouting subversive
or provocative words)
 4. Displaying placards or emblems which
provoke a disturbance of public order in
such place
5. Burying with pomp the body of a person
who has been legally executed
Art. 156 – Delivering prisoners from jail
1. A person was confined in a jail or penal
establishment
2. Offender removes therefrom such
person, or helps the escape of such
person
Note: Detention prisoner or prisoner by final
judgment; Hospitals or asylum considered
extension of jail or prison; Guard off duty
may be liable
Art. 157 – Evasion of service of sentence
1. Offender is a convict of FINAL
JUDGMENT
2. Serving his sentence consist in
DEPRIVATION of HIS LIBERTY
3. He evades the service of his sentence by
escaping during the term of service
Art. 158 – Evasion of service of sentence on
the occasion of disorders, conflagrations,
earthquakes or other calamities
1. Offender is a convict of FINAL
JUDGMENT
2. There is a calamity
3. Evades his sentence by leaving the
premise
4. Fails to return within 48 hours
Note: If he fails to return, increased in
penalty; If he returns, deduction of penalty
1/5 of his sentence
Art. 159 – Other cases of evasion
1. Offender was a convict
2. Granted by the Pres with conditional
pardon
3. He violated the given conditions
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Art. 160 – Commission of another crime
during service of penalty imposed for
another previous offense
1. Offender was already convicted of final
judgment of one offense
2. He committed a new felony before
beginning to serve or while serving the
same
Art. 161 – Punishable acts:
1. Forging the GREAT SEAL of the
GOVERNMENT of the PHILIPPINEs
2. Forging the SIGNATURE of the
PRESIDENT
3. Forging the STAMP of the President
Art. 163 – Making and importing and
uttering false coins
1. There is a FALSE or COUNTERFEITED Coin
2. Offender MADE, IMPORTED, or
UTTERED such coin
3. In case of uttering, he connived with the
counterfeiting or importers
Art. 164 – Mutilation of Coins (taking off a
part of the metal either by filling or
substituting it with another metal of inferior
quality
Art. 165 – Selling of False or Mutilated coins
without connivance
1. Possession of coin, counterfeited or
mutilated by another person, with intent
to utter the same, KNOWING that it is
false or mutilated.
Elements: Possession; Intent to Utter and
Knowledge
Art. 166 – Forging treasury or bank notes,
obligations and securities; importing and
uttering false or forged notes, obligations
and securities
 1. Forging or Falsification of treasury or
bank notes or other documents payable
to bearer
2. Importation of such false or forged
obligations or notes
3. Uttering of such false or forged
obligations or notes in connivance with
the forgers or importers
Art. 167 – Counterfeiting, importing and
uttering instruments not payable to bearer
1. There be an instrument payable to order
or the other document of credit NOT
payable to bearer
2. Offender either forged, imported or
uttered such instrument
3. Connivance with the forger or importer
Art. 168 – Illegal possession and use of false
treasury or bank notes and other
instruments of credit
1. Any treasury or bank note or certificate
... payable to order or other document of
credit not payable to bearer is forged or
falsified by another person
2. Offender KNOWS any of those
instruments is forged or falsified
3. He used the forged or falsified document
or possess with intent to use
Art. 170 – Falsification of legislative
documents
1. There is a bill, resolution or ordinance
enacted
2. Offender ALTERS the same
3. He has NO PROPER AUTHORITY TO DO
SO
4. Alteration changed the purpose and
meaning of the document
Art. 171 – Falsificaion by public officer,
employee or notary or ecclesiastical minister
1. Offender is PO or Employee or Notary
Public
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2. Takes advantage of his official position
3. Falsified the document: counterfeiting
or imitating any handwriting, signature
or rubric; causing it to appear that
persons have participated in any act or
proceeding when they did not;
Note: PUBLIC OFFICER ONLY or NOTARY PUBLIC
or ECCLESIASTICAL MINISTER (if he committed
acts of falsification with respect to any record of
document of such character that its falsification
may affect the civil status of person
Art. 172 – Falsification of private individuals and
use of falsified documents
Note: MUST be a PRIVATE INDIVIDUAL or PUBLIC
OFFICER, EMPLOYEE or NOTARY PUBLIC who
DOES NOT TAKE ADVANTAGE of his official
position; Acts of falsification same as 171
Art. 173 – Falsification of wireless, cable,
telegraph and telephone messages and use of
said falsified messages
1. Offender is an officer or employee of the
government or an officer or employee of
a private corporation engaged in the
service of sending and receiving
wireless, cable or telephone messages
2. That he: utter fictitous wireless, cable,
telegraph or telephone messages or
falsified wireless, cable telegraph or
telephone messages.
Art. 177 – Usurpation of authority or offical
functions
Note: Offender must represented himself to be
an officer or agent or representative of any
department or agency of the government; or he
performed an act pertaining to a person in
authority or public officer
Art. 178. Using fictitious name and concealing
true name
 1. Uses another name other than his true
name
2. Uses it publicly
3. Purpose is to conceal a crime; or evade
the execution of final judgment; or cause
damage to public interest

Art. 179 – Illegal use of uniforms or insignia

1. Offender uses insignia, uniform or dress

2. That the uniform pertains to an office
not held by the offender or to a class of
persons of which is not a member
3. That said uniform or dress is used
publicly and improperly

Note that the uniform used must pertain to

an office originally exist.

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