Apéndice N°4.

Cálculos
Cálculos de ΔH:

Para la placa de 𝟓⁄𝟖 " :

0.0254 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻1 = [(19 + 6⁄8) − (−2 − 5⁄8)]𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 = 22.37𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 × =0.5683𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂

0.0254 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻2 = [(19 + 5⁄8) − (−3 − 6⁄8)]𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 = 23.37𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 × =0.5935 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂

0.0254 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻3 = [(18 + 7⁄8) − (−4 − 3⁄8)]𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 = 23𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 × =0.5842𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂

0.0254 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻4 = [(18 + 2⁄8) − (−4 − 7⁄8)] 𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 = 23.12𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 × =0.5873𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂

0.0254 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻5 = [(17 + 5⁄8) − (−5 − 3⁄8)]𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 = 23𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 × =0.5842𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂

0.0254 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻6 = [(16 + 5⁄8) − (−5 − 7⁄8)] 𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 = 22.5𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 × =0.5715𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂

0.0254 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻7 = [(15 + 3⁄8) − (−6 − 5⁄8)] 𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 = 22𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 × =0.5588𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂

0.0254 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻8 = [(15 + 3⁄8) − (−6 − 5⁄8)]𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 = 22𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 × =0.5588𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂

Conversión de ΔH a 𝒄𝒎𝑯𝟐 𝑶:
100𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻1 = 0.5683𝑚𝐻2 𝑂 × =56.83𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂

100𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻2 = 0.5935𝑚𝐻2 𝑂 × =59.35𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂

100𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻3 = 0.5842𝑚𝐻2 𝑂 × =58.42𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂

100𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻4 = 0.5873𝑚𝐻2 𝑂 × =58.73𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂

100𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻5 = 0.5842𝑚𝐻2 𝑂 × =58.42𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂

100𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻6 = 0.5715𝑚𝐻2 𝑂 × =57.15 𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂

100𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻7 = 0.5588𝑚𝐻2 𝑂 × =55.88𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂

100𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻8 = 0.5588𝑚𝐻2 𝑂 × =55.88𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂

3
Para la placa de 𝟗⁄𝟏𝟔 " :
0.0254 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻1 = [(11 + 1⁄8) − (2 + 7⁄8)] 𝑖𝑛𝐻𝑔 = 8.25𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 × =0.2096𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂

0.0254 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻2 = [(11 + 3⁄8) − (2 + 3⁄8)] 𝑖𝑛𝐻𝑔 = 9𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 × =0.2286𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂

0.0254 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻3 = [(11 + 5⁄8) − (1 + 6⁄8)] 𝑖𝑛𝐻𝑔 = 9.87𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 × =0.2508𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂

0.0254 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻4 = [(10 + 5⁄8) − (1 + 3⁄8)] 𝑖𝑛𝐻𝑔 = 9.25𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 × =0.2349𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂

0.0254 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻5 = [(10 + 7⁄8) − (0 + 7⁄8)] 𝑖𝑛𝐻𝑔 = 10𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 × =0.254𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂

0.0254 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻6 = [(9 + 1⁄8) − (0 + 3⁄8)] 𝑖𝑛𝐻𝑔 = 8.75𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 × =0.2223𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂

0.0254 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻7 = [(9 + 6⁄8) − (0)] 𝑖𝑛𝐻𝑔 = 9.75𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 × =0.2477𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂

0.0254 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻8 = [(9 + 6⁄8) − (0)] 𝑖𝑛𝐻𝑔 = 9.75𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 × =0.2477𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑖𝑛𝐻2 𝑂

Conversión de ΔH a 𝒄𝒎𝑯𝟐 𝑶:
100𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻1 = 0.2096𝑚𝐻2 𝑂 × =20.96𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂

100𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻2 = 0.2286𝑚𝐻2 𝑂 × =22.86𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂

100𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻3 = 0.2508𝑚𝐻2 𝑂 × =25.08𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂

100𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻4 = 0.2349𝑚𝐻2 𝑂 × =23.49𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂

100𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻5 = 0.254𝑚𝐻2 𝑂 × =25.4𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂

100𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻6 = 0.2223𝑚𝐻2 𝑂 × =22.23𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂

100𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻7 = 0.2477𝑚𝐻2 𝑂 × =24.77𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂

100𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
∆𝐻8 = 0.2477𝑚𝐻2 𝑂 × =24.77𝑐𝑚𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂

4
 𝟑
Cálculos de caudal en 𝒎 ⁄𝒔:
𝑉
𝑄=
𝑡
2𝑙 1𝑚3 3
𝑄1 = × = 0.0002222 𝑚 ⁄𝑠
9𝑠 1000𝑙
5𝑙 1𝑚3 3
𝑄2 = × = 0.0002857 𝑚 ⁄𝑠
17.5𝑠 1000𝑙
5𝑙 1𝑚3 3
𝑄3 = × = 0.0003030 𝑚 ⁄𝑠
16.5𝑠 1000𝑙
5𝑙 1𝑚3 3
𝑄4 = × = 0.0003225 𝑚 ⁄𝑠
15.5𝑠 1000𝑙
5𝑙 1𝑚3 3
𝑄5 = × = 0.0003448 𝑚 ⁄𝑠
14.5𝑠 1000𝑙
5𝑙 1𝑚3 3
𝑄6 = × = 0.0003571 𝑚 ⁄𝑠
14𝑠 1000𝑙
5𝑙 1𝑚3 3
𝑄7 = × = 0.0003703 𝑚 ⁄𝑠
13.5𝑠 1000𝑙
5𝑙 1𝑚3 3
𝑄8 = × = 0.0003703 𝑚 ⁄𝑠
13.5𝑠 1000𝑙

𝟑
Conversión de caudal a 𝒎 ⁄𝒉:

𝑚3 3600𝑠 3
𝑄1 = 0.0002222 × = 0.7999 𝑚 ⁄ℎ
𝑠 1ℎ
𝑚3 3600𝑠 3
𝑄2 = 0.0002857 × = 1.0285 𝑚 ⁄ℎ
𝑠 1ℎ
𝑚3 3600𝑠 3
𝑄3 = 0.0003030 × = 1.0908 𝑚 ⁄ℎ
𝑠 1ℎ
𝑚3 3600𝑠 3
𝑄4 = 0.0003225 × = 1.161 𝑚 ⁄ℎ
𝑠 1ℎ
𝑚3 3600𝑠 3
𝑄5 = 0.0003448 × = 1.2412 𝑚 ⁄ℎ
𝑠 1ℎ
𝑚3 3600𝑠 3
𝑄6 = 0.0003571 × = 1.2855 𝑚 ⁄ℎ
𝑠 1ℎ

5
 𝑚3 3600𝑠 3
𝑄7 = 0.0003703 × = 1.3330 𝑚 ⁄ℎ
𝑠 1ℎ
𝑚3 3600𝑠 3
𝑄8 = 0.0003703 × = 1.3330 𝑚 ⁄ℎ
𝑠 1ℎ
Cálculo de K para cada placa de orificio:

Para la placa de 𝟓⁄𝟖 ":

3 5
0.7999 𝑚 ⁄ℎ 𝑚2
𝐾1 = = 1.0610
√0.5683𝑚 ℎ
3 5
1.0285 𝑚 ⁄ℎ 𝑚2
𝐾2 = = 1.3350
√0.5935𝑚 ℎ
3 5
1.0908 𝑚 ⁄ℎ 𝑚2
𝐾3 = = 1.4271
√0.5842𝑚 ℎ
3 5
1.161 𝑚 ⁄ℎ 𝑚2
𝐾4 = = 1.5149
√0.5873𝑚 ℎ
3 5
1.2412 𝑚 ⁄ℎ 𝑚2
𝐾5 = = 1.6239
√0.5842𝑚 ℎ
3 5
1.2855 𝑚 ⁄ℎ 𝑚2
𝐾6 = = 1.7004
√0.5715𝑚 ℎ
3 5
1.3330 𝑚 ⁄ℎ 𝑚2
𝐾7 = = 1.7832
√0.5588𝑚 ℎ
3 5
1.3330 𝑚 ⁄ℎ 𝑚2
𝐾8 = = 1.7832
√0.5588𝑚 ℎ

Para la placa de 𝟗⁄𝟏𝟔 " :

3 5
0.7999 𝑚 ⁄ℎ 𝑚2
𝐾1 = = 1.7471
√0.2096𝑚 ℎ

6
 3 5
1.0285 𝑚 ⁄ℎ 𝑚2
𝐾2 = = 2.1511
√0.2286𝑚 ℎ
3 5
1.0908 𝑚 ⁄ℎ 𝑚2
𝐾3 = = 2.1781
√0.2508𝑚 ℎ
3 5
1.161 𝑚 ⁄ℎ 𝑚2
𝐾4 = = 2.3954
√0.2349𝑚 ℎ
3 5
1.2412 𝑚 ⁄ℎ 𝑚2
𝐾5 = = 2.4627
√0.254𝑚 ℎ
3 5
1.2855 𝑚 ⁄ℎ 𝑚2
𝐾6 = = 2.7264
√0.2223𝑚 ℎ
3 5
1.3330 𝑚 ⁄ℎ 𝑚2
𝐾7 = = 2.6783
√0.2477𝑚 ℎ
3 5
1.3330 𝑚 ⁄ℎ 𝑚2
𝐾8 = = 2.6783
√0.2477𝑚 ℎ

Determinación de la ecuación que lineariza la expresión encontrada.

𝑄
𝐾=
√∆ℎ

𝑄 = 𝐾√∆ℎ

𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑄) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝐾) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(√∆ℎ)

Para la Placa de 5/8”:

log(√∆h) -0.1214 -0.1227 -0.1167 -0.1155 -0.1167 -0.1214 -0.1263 -0.1263

log(Q) -0.0969 0.0122 0.0377 0.0648 0.0938 0.1090 0.1248 0.1248

7
 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑄) = −𝑙𝑜𝑔(√∆ℎ)

Para la Placa de 9/16”:

log(√∆h) -0.3393 -0.3204 -0.3003 -0.3145 -0.2975 -0.3265 -0.3030 -0.3030

log(Q) -0.0969 0.0122 0.0377 0.0648 0.0938 0.1090 0.1248 0.1248

𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑄) = −𝑙𝑜𝑔(√∆ℎ)

Calculo del rango de caudales

Despejando Q de la ecuación 3.

𝑅𝑒𝜇𝐷𝜋
𝑄=
4𝜌

Para régimen laminar (Re≤2100)

𝑘𝑔
2100 ∗ 0.000943 𝑚 ∗ 𝑠 ∗ 0.02527𝑚 ∗ 𝜋 3600 𝑠 𝑚3
𝑄= ∗ = 0.1418
𝑘𝑔 1ℎ ℎ
4 ∗ 997.538 3
𝑚

Para régimen turbulento (Re≥3500)

𝑘𝑔
3500 ∗ 0.000943 𝑚 ∗ 𝑠 ∗ 0.02527𝑚 ∗ 𝜋 3600 𝑠 𝑚3
𝑄= ∗ = 0.2364
𝑘𝑔 1ℎ ℎ
4 ∗ 997.538 3
𝑚

Calculo de la velocidad crítica

8
 𝜇 × 𝑅𝑒
𝑣𝑐 =
𝐷×𝜌

𝑘𝑔
0.000943 𝑚 ∗ 𝑠 ∗ 3500 𝑚
𝑉𝑐 = = 0.1309
𝑘𝑔 𝑠
0.02527𝑚 ∗ 997.538 3
𝑚

Cálculo del número de Reynolds:

4𝜌𝑄
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜋𝐷𝜇

𝑘𝑔
4 × 997.538 𝑚3
𝑅𝑒1 = 𝑚3 × 0.0002173 = 11581.97
𝑘𝑔 𝑠
𝜋 × 0.02527𝑚 × 0.000943 𝑚 × 𝑠

𝑘𝑔
4 × 997.538 𝑚3
𝑅𝑒2 = 𝑚3 × 0.0002857 = 15227.65
𝑘𝑔 𝑠
𝜋 × 0.02527𝑚 × 0.000943 𝑚 × 𝑠

𝑘𝑔
4 × 997.538 𝑚3
𝑅𝑒3 = 𝑚3 × 0.0003030 = 16149.73
𝑘𝑔 𝑠
𝜋 × 0.02527𝑚 × 0.000943 𝑚 × 𝑠

𝑘𝑔
4 × 997.538 𝑚3
𝑅𝑒4 = 𝑚3 × 0.0003289 = 17530.19
𝑘𝑔 𝑠
𝜋 × 0.02527𝑚 × 0.000943 𝑚 × 𝑠

𝑘𝑔
4 × 997.538 𝑚3
𝑅𝑒5 = 𝑚3 × 0.0003448 = 18377.65
𝑘𝑔 𝑠
𝜋 × 0.02527𝑚 × 0.000943 𝑚 × 𝑠

𝑘𝑔
4 × 997.538 𝑚3
𝑅𝑒6 = 𝑚3 × 0.0003496 = 18633.48
𝑘𝑔 𝑠
𝜋 × 0.02527𝑚 × 0.000943 𝑚 × 𝑠

𝑘𝑔
4 × 997.538 𝑚3
𝑅𝑒7 = 𝑚3 × 0.0003546 = 18899.98
𝑘𝑔 𝑠
𝜋 × 0.02527𝑚 × 0.000943 𝑚 × 𝑠

9
 𝑘𝑔
4 × 997.538 𝑚3
𝑅𝑒8 = 𝑚3 × 0.0003546 = 18899.98
𝑘𝑔 𝑠
𝜋 × 0.02527𝑚 × 0.000943 𝑚 × 𝑠

Cálculo de velocidades promedio de flujo:

𝑄
𝑣=
𝐴

3
0.0002173 𝑚 ⁄𝑠
𝑣1 = 𝜋 = 0.4333 𝑚⁄𝑠
(0.02527𝑚) 2
4×

3
0.0002857 𝑚 ⁄𝑠
𝑣2 = 𝜋 = 0.5697 𝑚⁄𝑠
(0.02527𝑚) 2
4×

3
0.0003030 𝑚 ⁄𝑠
𝑣3 = 𝜋 = 0.6041 𝑚⁄𝑠
(0.02527𝑚) 2
4×

3
0.0003289 𝑚 ⁄𝑠
𝑣4 = 𝜋 = 0.6558 𝑚⁄𝑠
(0.02527𝑚) 2
4×

3
0.0003448 𝑚 ⁄𝑠
𝑣5 = 𝜋 = 0.6875 𝑚⁄𝑠
(0.02527𝑚) 2
4×
3
0.0003496 𝑚 ⁄𝑠
𝑣6 = 𝜋 = 0.6971 𝑚⁄𝑠
(0.02527𝑚) 2
4×

3
0.0003546 𝑚 ⁄𝑠
𝑣7 = 𝜋 = 0.7070 𝑚⁄𝑠
× (0.02527𝑚)2
4

3
0.0003546 𝑚 ⁄𝑠
𝑣8 = 𝜋 = 0.7070 𝑚⁄𝑠
(0.02527𝑚) 2
4×

10
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