ì

 
QUOTA SAMPLING

NAMA  :  VENUSYA  DHARMALINGAM  

NO  MATRIX  :  P93789  
SUBJEK  :  SKTM  6213    
 SAMPLING  

ì  The  process  of  selecHng  sample  from  the  populaHon  is  called  
sampling.  

ì  It   is   the   process   of   obtaining   informaHon   about   an   enHre  

populaHon  by  examining  only  a  part  of  it.    

 
NON-­‐PROBABILITY  SAMPLING    

ì  Purposive  sampling  

ì  Quota  sampling    

ì  Snowball  sampling  

ì  Convenience  sampling    

 QUOTA  SAMPLING  

ì  Quota  sampling  =  a  non  probabilisHc  sampling  method  

where  we  divide  the  survey  populaHon  into  mutually  
exclusive  subgroups.    
ì  These  subgroups  are  selected  with  respect  to  certain  
known  features,  traits,  or  interests.    
ì  In  quota  sampling,  the  selecHon  of  the  sample  is  made  
by  the  interviewer,    who  has  been  given  quotas  to  fill  
from  specified  sub-­‐groups  of  the  populaHon.    
 
ì  In  quota  sampling  the  selecHon  of  the  sample  in  Non  
random.    
 
ì  In  uncontrolled  quota  sampling,  the  subjects  
chosen  for  those  categories  are  a  convenience  
sample,  selected  any  way  the  interviewer  chooses  

ì  In  controlled  quota  sampling,  restricHons  are  

imposed  to  limit  interviewer’s  choice  

ì  Quota  sampling  à  most  commonly  used  no  

probability  method  
 Examples  of  quota  sampling  
ì  You  could  divide  a  populaHon  by  the  state  they  live  
in,  income  or  educaHon  level,  or  sex.    

ì  The  populaHon  is  divided  into  groups  (also  called  

strata)  and  samples  are  taken  from  each  group  to  
meet  a  quota.  

ì  Care  is  taken  to  maintain  the  correct  proporHons  

representaHve  of  the  populaHon.  For  example,  if  
your  populaHon  consists  of  45%  female  and  55%  
males,  your  sample  should  reflect  those  
percentages.    
Stratified  vs  Quota  Sampling  
Stratified  sampling-­‐  can  you  differentiate  
it  from  quota  sampling?    
Advantages  and  disadvantages  of  Quota  
Sampling      
Advantages   Disadvantages  

RelaHvely  easy  to  administer  

SelecHon  is  not  random  
Can  be  performed  quickly  
SelecHon  bias  poses  a  problem  
Cost-­‐effecHve    

Accounts  for  populaHon  

proporHons  
You  might  avoid  choosing  
Useful  method  when  probability   people  who  live  farther  away,  
sampling  techniques  are  not   or  people  in  rough  
possible     neighbourhoods  
-­‐  May  make  the  result    
unrepresentaHve  of  the  
populaHon  
 How  to  perform  quota  sampling  
ì  Divide  the  populaHon  into    subgroups.  These  should  be  
exclusive.    
(e.g.  you  might  divide  employees  by  type  of  educaHonal  
degree)    
ì  Figure  out  the  proporHon  of  subgroups  to  the  populaHon.  
For  example,  employees  who  have  a  physical  science  
degree  might  be  1  out  of  4.    
ì  Choose  your  sample  size.  For  example,  if  you  are  sampling  
10  000  people  you  might  have  a  quota  sample  of  100.    
ì  Choose  parHcipants,  being  careful  to  adhere  to  the  
subgroup  populaHon  proporHon.  For  example,  25%  of  your  
sample  should  have  a  physical  science  degree.  The  
selecHon  process  conHnues  unHl  your  quotas  are  filled.    
 When  to  use  quota  sampling  
Study  a  certain  subgroup  

To    study  a  characterisHc  of  a  parHcular  subgroup  or  observe  

relaHonships  between  different  subgroups      

Limited  Hme  frame  or  budget  

Useful  when  the  Hme  frame  to  conduct  a  survey  is  limited,  budget  
is  Hght  

CriHcism  of  quota  sampling  

 
-­‐  Quota  sampling  relies  on  the  researcher’s  judgement  in  
choosing  the  right  subgroups    
-­‐  More  reliable  than  other  non  probabilisHc  methods  like  
convenience  sampling  
 References    

ì  Brinksy,  A.  2006.  The  Analysis  of  Quota  Controlled  

Sample  Survey  Data.  The  Public  opinion  quarterly  
70(4),  499-­‐529.  

ì  Bryman,  A.  2008.  Social  Research  Method.  Oxford  

University  Press.  London  and  New  York    

ì  Yang,  K.  &  Banamah,  A.  2014.  Quota  Sampling  as  an  
alternaHve  to  probability  sampling.  Sociological  
research  online.  19(1)  
hlp://dro.dur.ac.uk/13852/1/13852.pdf