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Problem #1:
Heat capacities are usually given in terms of polynomial functions of temperature. The
equation for carbon dioxide is:
Problem #2
3
A correlation for male body density,, in g/cm is given by the equation:
where W is mass in kg and H is height in cm. What must the units of the constants
0.0277 and 0.75 be?
Problem #3
The coefficient of heat transfer between a pure saturated vapor and a cold surface can
be predicted by the following equation:
1/4
h = 0.943
= density, lbm/ft3
t = temperature in °C
P = pressure in atm
4-a In order to maintain the dimensional homogeneity in this equation, what would the
units of A, B, and C have to be?
Problem #5
u = k[/]1/2
where is the sheer stress in N/m2 at the pipe wall, is the density of the fluid in kg/m3,
u is the velocity, and k is a coefficient. Modify the equation so that the shear stress can
be introduced in lbf/ft2, and the density in lbm/ft3, so that the velocity u comes out in ft/s.
Problem #6
= aW 0.3 H0.725 + b
where a= 781, b = 750, W is the body mass in [kg], and H is the male height in [m].
(a) Determine the units of constants a and b
(b) Modify the equation so that is in [lb/ft3]. Determine the numerical value and
respective units of the new constants a’ and b’. Note that 1000 [kg/m3] = 62.43
[lb/ft3].
Table of Results
Units of a
Units of b
Modified Equation
Problem #7
The diffusivity coefficient of a substance can be calculated from Fick’s Law and is
represented in the following equation:
D = D0e-E/1.987T
Where
D = diffusion coefficient, [cm2/s]
D0 = maximum diffusion coefficient
E = activation energy of diffusion, [cal/g-mole]
T = absolute temperature, [K]
Problem #9
El coeficiente de transferencia de calor (hm) para un vapor que se condensa sobre una
superficie vertical se puede determinar mediante la siguiente ecuación:
donde:
1.13 constante adimensional
aceleración gravitacional
densidad del líquido
Calor latente de evaporación, J/kg
conductividad térmica del líquido, W/m•°C
viscosidad del líquido, kg/m•s
temperatura del vapor, °C
temperatura de la superficie, °C
longitud de la superficie
Problem #
In recent years the concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere has increased to approximately 350
ppm. Given the approximate concentration of air:
O2 – 20.36%
CO2 – 0.035%
N2 – 76.595%
Ar – 0.01%
H2O – 3.0%
i) Determine the Average Molecular Weight of the mixture.
ii) Determine the composition in gmole %.
iii) Determine the composition in lbmole %.
iv) Determine the ppm of CO2 based on mass content.
v) Determine the ppm of CO2 based on mole content.
Problema #
Problem #
Two weeks ago, the mayor of Caguas, William Miranda Marín, announced an ethanol (E85)
demonstration project for his municipality. E85 is a renewable liquid fuel consisting of 85%
Ethanol (CH 3CH2OH) and 15% Gasoline by volume. Assuming gasoline is mainly isooctane
(C8H18), determine the following for an E85 blend:
Additional information:
ethanol = 0.78 g/cm3
isooctane = 0.71 g/cm3
Assume Ideal Solution – Volumes are additive
Ethanol mass
kg ETOH/kg
Units total
fraction Result
Ethanol mole kgmoles ETOH/
fraction kgmoles total
Ethanol kg moles Ethanol/
Concentration Liter
Isooctane kg moles Isooctane/
Concentration Liter
kg ETOH/
Mass ratio
kg Isooctane
kg total/
Solution Density
Liter
Problem #
The Colburn equation for heat transfer is
Problem #
An empirical equation for calculating the inside heat transfer coefficient, hi, for the turbulent
flow of liquids in a pipe is given by:
Where
hi = heat transfer coefficient, Btu/(hr)(ft)2(°F)
G = mass velocity of the liquid, lbm/(hr)(ft)2
K = thermal conductivity of the liquid, Btu/(hr)(ft)(°F)
Cp = heat capacity of the liquid, Btu/(lbm)(°F)
= Viscosity of the liquid, lbm/(ft)(hr)
D = inside diameter of the pipe, (ft)
Problem #
A solution of sulfuric acid at 60°F is found to have a sp gr of 1.22. From the tables in Perry's
Chemical Engineer's Handbook, the solution is found to be 30 percent by weight H2SO4. What
is the concentration of H2SO4 in the following units: (a) lbmol/gal, (b) lb/ft3, (c) g/L, (d) lb
H2SO4/lb H2O, and (e) lb mol H2O/lb mol total solution?
Problem #
A 0.50 molar aqueous solution of sulfuric acid flows into a process unit at a rate of 1.25 m3/min.
The specific gravity of the solution is 1.03. Calculate:
H2SO4
kg/m3
concentration
Mass flow rate of
kg H2SO4/s
H2SO4
Mass fraction of kg H2SO4/
H2SO4 kg solution
moles H2SO4/
Mole ratio
moles water
Molar flow rate of
kgmoles H2SO4/s
H2SO4
Problem #
Hydrogen can be separated from natural gas by diffusion through a round tube. The rate of
separation is given by:
where
N = rate of transport of H2 from the tube, gmoles/(sec)(cm of length of tube)
D = diffusion coefficient
= molar density of H2, in gmoles/cm3
Problem #1
A pallet of boxes weighing 10 tons is dropped from a lift truck from a height of 10 feet. The maximum
velocity the pallet attains before hitting the ground is 6 ft/sec.
Problem #
A water solution contains 1.704 kg of HNO3 per kg of water, and has a specific gravity of 1.382 at 20°C.
The composition of the solution expressed as:
Problem #
The heat capacity of a substance is 5.32 J/(g)( °C) and its molecular weight is 37.4.
°
°
Problem #
A commonly used equation for determining the volume rate of flow, Q, of a liquid though an orifice
located in the side of a tank is
where A is the area of the orifice, g is the acceleration of gravity, an h is the height of liquid above the
orifice.
Problem #23
From Table B-2 in the Textbook, we obtain the following expression for the heat capacity of acetone as a
function of temperature:
Where T is in [°C] and Cp in [kJ/(mol °C)]
a) Determine the units of the constant
b) Modify the equation to enter the temperature in [°F]
Problem #24
An aqueous solution containing 35 wt% of H2SO4 is available in our Lab. The solution has a specific
gravity of 1.2563. Molecular weight of H2SO4 is 98.
a) Determine the molarity (moles per liter).
b) Detemine the mol fraction of H2SO4
c) What volume must be taken if you want to prepare 2L of a solution 7 wt%.
Problem #25
Problem #1
Problem #2
A fluid of unknown densitiy is used in two manometers – one sealed end, the other across an orifice
in a cooking oil pipe. See figure below. Given the following data Cooking Oil = 0.78 g/cm3
Patm = 758 mm Hg, determine the following
Problem #3
Water and SAE 30 oil ( = 55.5 lb/ft3 ) flow in two pipelines. A double U-tube manometer is connecting
the
pipelines.
Problem #4
Determine the elevation difference, h, between the water levels in the two open tanks shown.
Problem #5
A U-tube manometer is connected to a closed tank containing air and water as shown. At the closed end
of the manometer the air pressure is 16 psia. Determine the reading on the pressure gage for a differential
reading of 4 ft on the manometer. Express your answer in psi (gage). Assume standard atmospheric
pressure and neglect the weight of the air columns in the manometer.
Problema 6
Un orificio se puede usar para determinar el flujo volumétrico de un gas que fluye por un
conducto. Para esto, se mide la diferencia de presión a través del orificio utilizando un
manómetro, tal como se ilustra en la figura:
Flujo de
gas
h3
h2
h1
a a
Dato: