Line of balance:- a)A simple diagram to show location and time at which a certain crew will be working on a given

operation. b)Focuses on balancing the time taken for individual activities by

either re-distribution of resource or by reducing process waste. c)LOB is a Planning methodology to optimize resources used. d)LOB is a Good Visual tool that lets us see if a construction
program can be achieved with the minimum waiting time between tasks. e)It is primarily used on projects that have repeated elements like Highways, Pipelines, High-rise buildings, hotel
bedrooms, bridge etc. f) Benefits of LOB:- • Continuous resource use • Less starts and stops • Crews will spend less time and money on later units once they develop a learning momentum. •
Improve productivity. • Save money and time • Faster planning process • Superior Visual control. g)Faster planning process:- 1)Less tasks 2)Less links 3)Faster program creation 4)Less time to
understand & interpret. 5)Easy to try ‘what-if’ scenarios. h)Activity-based vs. Location-based:- 1)Activity-based:- a)30 floors, 4 activities in each location = 120 activities. b)Formwork-
reinforcement-pouring on the same floor = 60 links c)Pouring – formwork next floor = 29 links d)Pouring – finishes two floors below = 28 links e)Internal links in finishes to prevent resource
overlapping = 29 links f)Total: 120 CPM activities, 266 links. 2)Location-based:- a)4 tasks flowing through locations b)4 links between activities c)4 links inside activities d)Total: 4 tasks, 8 link.
h.1)Activity Based Chart:- a)Formwork Floor 1, b) Reinforcement Floor 1, c) Pouring Conc. Floor 1, d) Formwork Floor 2, e) Reinforcement Floor 2, f) Pouring Conc. Floor 2, g) Formwork Floor 3,
h) Reinforcement Floor 3, i) Pouring Conc. Floor, j)Finishing Floor 1, k) Finishing Floor 2 l) Finishing Floor 3. j)Superior project control:- a)Easy to interpret b)Clear uncomplicated displays
c)Simple to manage d)Easy to monitor e)Effortless progress updates f)Effective control. k)LOB Calculations:- a)The objective of using LOB is to achieve a resource-balanced schedule by
determining the suitable crew size and number of crews to employ in each repetitive activity. b)This is done such that:- 1)the units are delivered with a rate that meets a pre-specified deadline
2)the logical CPM network of each unit is respected 3)crews’ work continuity is maintained. c)The analysis also involves determining the start and finish times of all activities in all units and the
crews’ assignments. l)LOB Advantages:- The Advantages of Line Of Balance is as :- 1)Clearly shows the amount of work taking place in a certain area at a specific time of the project. 2) Has the
ability to show and optimize the resources used for large number of repeated activities, executed in several zones or locations. 3) Easier cost and time optimization analysis because of all the
information available for each activity in the project. 4) Ease of setup and its superior presentation and visualization. 5) Easier to modify, update and change the schedule. 6) Better managing
of all the various sub-contractors in the project. 7) Allows for simpler and clearer resource management and resource optimization functions. 8) Visualization of productivity and location of
crews. 9) It allows project managers to see, in the middle of a project, whether they can meet the schedule if they continue working as they have been. m)LOB Disadvantages:- 1)Inability to
generate a clear critical path of the project schedule, relative to the one provided by CPM schedules. 2) Could only be divided by location. 3) In CPM scheduling the user could divide project by
location and other systems like trades, in LOB only location. 4) Productivity rates in LOB schedule do not include the effect of crews‟ learning curve, or if the individuals working in the crews
changed.