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statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was an
influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the
founder of the nation's financial system, the Federalist Party, the United States
Coast Guard, and The New York Post newspaper. As the first Secretary of the
Treasury, Hamilton was the main author of the economic policies of the George
Washington administration. He took the lead in the funding of the states' debts by
the Federal government, as well as the establishment of a national bank, a system
of tariffs, and friendly trade relations with Britain. His vision included a strong
central government led by a vigorous executive branch, a strong commercial economy,
with a national bank and support for manufacturing, plus a strong military. Thomas
Jefferson was his leading opponent, arguing for agrarianism and smaller government.
Hamilton was born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis. Orphaned as a child he was
taken in by a prosperous merchant. As a precocious young teenager he was sent to
New York to pursue his education. Hamilton took an early role as the American
Revolutionary War began. In 1777, he became a senior aide to General Washington in
running the new Continental Army. After the war, Hamilton was elected as a
representative to the Congress of the Confederation from New York. He resigned to
practice law, and founded the Bank of New York.
Hamilton was a leader in seeking to replace the weak national government, and led
the Annapolis Convention in 1786, which spurred Congress to call a Constitutional
Convention in Philadelphia. He helped achieve ratification by writing 51 of the 85
installments of The Federalist Papers, which to this day remain the single most
important reference for Constitutional interpretation.
Hamilton continued his legal and business activities in New York City, and was
active in ending the legality of the international slave trade. Vice President Burr
ran for governor of New York State in 1804, and Hamilton campaigned against him as
unworthy. Taking offense, Burr challenged him to a duel in which Burr shot and
mortally wounded Hamilton, who died the next day on July 12, 1804.