http://www.grinningplanet.com/2008/01-08/water-pollution-solutions-article.

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 Don't litter — Litter from land is carried by wind or rivers to oceans and beaches. So,
don't litter. It's also good if you can occasionally pick up someone else's litter. Every litter
bit help. (Sorry.) Anyway... A healthy sea turtle somewhere thanks you. Also consider
taking part in the annual International Coastal Cleanup.
 Fence Me In — Construction sites expose dirt. Rain carries the dirt into streams,
causing sediment pollution. Better enforcement is needed to ensure that builders use
proper mitigation actions, such as mud fencing and regular near-site road cleaning.
Do Some Tax Shifting — If we reduce personal and corporate income taxes and increase
taxes on chemicals, petroleum products, packaging, and other sources of water pollution, we'll
get less pollution—with the market, not regulation, driving the change

 Set Cruise Control — All countries should pass laws to prevent cruise ships from
dumping untreated sewage, graywater, and oily bilge water into oceans and coastal
waters. Globally, coast guards should coordinate enforcement efforts.
http://www.kitsapcountyhealth.com/environment/pic.php

WATER POLLUTION IDENTIFICATION & CORRECTION

The mission of the Water Pollution Identification & Correction program is to protect the public
from waterborne illness and other water quality related hazards. Water that is polluted with fecal
bacteria is our primary concern. Our job is to ensure that surface waters are safe and sanitary so
you don't get sick when you swim in them or eat the shellfish. Our program is nationally
recognized for its innovation and effectiveness. Our work on your behalf includes:
 Collecting water samples
 Investigating fecal bacteria sources of water pollution; and
 Taking steps to correct problems

The work of public health centers on prevention. This means an important part of our job is to
ensure that you have the information necessary to do your part in helping to prevent water
pollution.

Water pollution is one of the biggest threats to the environment today.

The best solution for water pollution is prevention. While preventing
water pollution may seem to be an overwhelming subject to tackle,
there are a number of things that the average person can do.
https://oilsplat.wordpress.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-
cleaning-agents/
Advantages and Disadvantages of Cleaning Agents

Dispersents
Advantages

 Oil is prevented from moving into sensitive environments or

standing onshore. This eliminates or reduces damage to important
coastal habitats, marine life or coastal facilities (biologically
sensitive shoreline environments)
 Small chemically dispersed oil droplets not prone to re-coalescing.
This means that treated oil is unlikely to form tar balls or patties.
 Reduces risk to birds & mammals (seabirds & fur-bearing marine
mammals). The oil interferes with animal’s ability to maintain body
temperature, thus causing death due to hypothermia. With the oil
being dispersed, there is less or no effect on birds and mammals.
 Oil concentrations are extremely low and dilute quickly in ocean.
This limits the overall impact to sensitive environmental resources

Disadvantages

 Dispersion process moves oil from surface to water column. This

exposes water column & near shore shallow bottom-dwelling
organisms to oil.
 Both dispersants and dispersed oil particles are toxic to some
marine organisms
 Effectiveness of dispersant is dependant on type of oil spilled,
weather conditions & how quickly the dispersant is applied onto oil
slick.
 Has to be mixed with oil & water: Some energy required for
effective dispersion
 Heavier oils or highly emulsified oils are less amenable to
successful dispersion

Surface Washing Agents

Advantages

 Work best with light oils

 Can remove even light sheens
 Treated oil is less flammable
 Likely to be used by trained individuals in specific response
conditions.
 Manual recovery from effective containment should be straight
forward

Disadvantages

 Reduced effectiveness with emulsified, viscous oils due to poor

mixing
 Reduced effectiveness with low temperatures due to increased oil
viscosity
 Require training in proper use of new products
 General broadcasting of loose material could be a problem in open
areas and in high wind conditions that would inhibit effective
containment and recovery
 Effective containment is an issue-especially in conditions of
currents, tides, and wind. Recovery of all material from the
environment is highly desirable due to product persistence.

Bioremediation Agents
Advantages

 Bacteria consumes oil till there is no residue left

 Bioremediation agents stimulate bacteria that is already present
 Helpful in treating spills in clean environments such as untainted
streams that lack nutrients (i.e. oxygen & nitrogen)
 Increasing the amount of bacteria is safe because after they finish
the task of eating the oil, they simply expire.
 Increasing the amount of microorganisms can degrade oil spills
more rapidly

Disadvantages
 The nature of the hydrocarbons: different hydrocarbons are easier
to break down.
 The availability of nutrients: biodegradation requires oxygen &
nitrogen from nitrates
 Biodegradation is a slow process & often remains incomplete,
particularly with heavy oil
 Not a good choice to clean up oil spills due to inability to degrade
large volumes of oil
 Only useful as finishing technique to remove residual oil
 Employed at various stages of the oil spill cleanup rather than the
main cleaning agent