International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Research (IJCTER)

e-ISSN 2455–1392 Volume 3 Issue 8, August 2017 pp. 20 – 25

Scientific Journal Impact Factor : 4.23
http://www.ijcter.com

World of Internet of Things:Applications of IoT

S.A.Khavare1, K.A.Patil2
1
Computer Science and Engineering, BVCOE Kolhapur, swatikhavare@gmail.com
2
Computer Science and Engineering,pkirti10@gmail.com

Abstract— The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical
and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers and the
ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer
interaction. A thing, in the Internet of Things, can be a person with a heart monitor implant, a farm
animal with a biochip transponder, an automobile that has built-in sensors to alert the driver when
tire pressure is low or any other natural or man-made object that can be assigned an IP address and
provided with the ability to transfer data over a network. This paper focuses on different
applications of IoT in real life including automation, security, management etc. There are lots of
technologies are being part of Internet of Things. When IoT is augmented with sensors and actuators,
the technology becomes an instance of the more general class of cyber-physical systems, which also
encompasses technologies such as smart grids, virtual power plants, smart homes, intelligent
transportation and smart cities. Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its embedded computing
system but is able to interoperate within the existing Internet infrastructure.
Keywords— IoT; Cloud Computing; Automation; Sensors
I. INTRODUCTION
IoT has evolved from the convergence of wireless technologies, micro-electromechanical
systems (MEMS), micro services and the internet. The convergence has helped tear down the silo
walls between operational technologies (OT) and information technology (IT), allowing
unstructured machine-generated data to be analyzed for insights that will drive improvements. The
“Internet of Things” also known as “Web of things” or “Internet of Everything” is a concept where
the objects will be connected to the Internet and be able to identify themselves to other devices
without human interaction. IoT describes a world where anything can be connected and
communicated in an intelligent fashion and will be context aware. Key technology enablers include
device miniaturization, more powerful and lower costs microprocessors, smart sensors, location
devices and actuators. Integration of “smart devices” and “smart Sensors” with the Internet implies
that devices will utilize an IP address which will act as a unique identifier resulting in ever more
complex systems and interactions. The IoT platforms provide numerous functions, such as access to
devices, ensuring the proper installation and behavior of the device, data analytics, and
interoperable connection to the local network, cloud, or other devices. Finally, all of the components
in an IoT environment should be tied together by networks through various wireless and wire
line technologies, standards, and protocols to provide pervasive connectivity. The different
components of IoT are described in Table 1.

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 International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Research (IJCTER)
Volume 03, Issue 08; August – 2017 [Online ISSN 2455–1392]

IoT Components Description

Sensors Sense the physical environment
Actuators Affect the physical environment
Virtual Objects Electronic tickets, Agendas, Books, Wallets
People Ex.: Humans can control the environment via mobile apps
Ex.: Cloud services – can be used to:
• Process big data and turn it into valuable information
Services
• Build and run innovative applications
• Optimize business processes by integrating device data.
Type of middleware used to connect IoT components (objects, people,
services, etc.) to IoT. Provide numerous functions:
• Access to devices
Platforms
• Ensuring installation/behavior of device
• Data analytics
• Interoperable connection to local network, cloud or other devices.
IoT components are tied together by networks, using various wireless and
Networks wire line technologies, standards, and protocols to provide pervasive
connectivity.

Table 1.Components of IoT

1.1 Application sectors of IOT

1.1.1 Manufacturing
Connected Cars: Diagnostics, automatic crash notification, stolen vehicle tracking, roadside
assistance, remote activities, voice recognition, vehicle updates and connected media
Indoor Air Quality: Monitoring of toxic gas and oxygen levels inside chemical plants to ensure
workers and goods safety
Temperature Monitoring: Control of temperature inside industrial and medical fridges with sensitive
merchandise
Vehicle Auto-diagnosis: Information collection from CanBus to send real time alarms to emergencies
or provide advice to drivers
1.1.2. Consumer Products
Smart inventory: Tracking Asset indoor location by using active (ZigBee) and passive tags of
inventory status and replenish at economic reordering level
Smart logistics: Track shipping and goods for better control over shipping and suggest right quantity
of goods per shipping
Remote Control Appliances: Switching on and off remotely appliances to avoid accidents and save
energy
Swimming pool remote measurement: Control remotely the swimming pool conditions
1.1.3. Retail
Supply chain control: Monitoring of storage conditions along the supply chain and product tracking
for traceability
NFC (Near Field Communication) payment: Payment processing based in location or activity
duration for public transport, gyms, theme parks, etc
Intelligent shopping apps: Getting advices in the point of sale according to customer habits,
preferences, presence of allergic components for them or expiring dates
Smart product management: Control of rotation of products in shelves and warehouses to automate
restocking processes

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 International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Research (IJCTER)
Volume 03, Issue 08; August – 2017 [Online ISSN 2455–1392]

1.1.4. Utilities
Potable water monitoring: Monitor the quality of tap water in cities
Water Leakages: Detection of liquid presence outside tanks and pressure variations along pipes
Smart Grid: Energy consumption monitoring and management
Tank level: Monitoring of water, oil and gas levels in storage tanks and cisterns
Photovoltaic Installations: Monitoring and optimization of performance in solar energy plants
Silos Stock Calculation: Measurement of emptiness level and weight of the goods

1.1.5. Public Sector

Smart Parking: Monitoring of parking spaces availability in the city
Structural health: Monitoring of vibrations and material conditions in buildings, bridges and
historical monuments
Electromagnetic Field Levels: Measurement of the energy radiated by cell stations and Wi-Fi routers
Traffic Congestion: Monitoring of vehicles and pedestrian levels to optimize driving and walking
routes
Smart Lighting: Intelligent and weather adaptive lighting in street lights
Waste Management: Detection of rubbish levels in containers to optimize the trash collection routes
Smart Roads: Intelligent Highways with warning messages and diversions according to climate
conditions and unexpected events like accidents or traffic jams

II. APPLICATIONS OF IOT

2.1. Home Automation
Internet of things is a growing network of everyday object-from industrial machine to consumer
goods that can share information and complete tasks while you are busy with other activities.
Wireless Home Automation system(WHAS) using IoT is a system that uses computers or mobile
devices to control basic home functions and features automatically through internet from anywhere
around the world, an automated home is sometimes called a smart home.
The main objectives of research [1] [2]is to design and implement a home automation system using
IoT that is capable of controlling and automating most of the house appliances through an easy
manageable web interface. The proposed system has a great flexibility by using Wi-Fi technology to
interconnect its distributed sensors to home automation server

Fig.1. Block Diagram of Home Automation System

The model shown in Fig 1 consists of different sensors like temperature, gas, motion and LDR(light
Dependent Register). Threshold levels for the required sensors are set. The sensor data are sent to the
web server and stored in the cloud. The data can be analyzed anywhere any time. If the sensor

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 International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Research (IJCTER)
Volume 03, Issue 08; August – 2017 [Online ISSN 2455–1392]

parameters are greater than the threshold level then the respective alarms are raised and the required
actuation is done for the controlling of the parameters. This system has different capabilities to raise
alarm with different criterion as Temperature and humidity, Motion detection Fire and smoke
detection, Light level. The system can be expanded for energy monitoring, or weather stations. This
kind of a system with respective changes can be implemented in the hospitals for disable people or in
industries where human invasion is impossible or dangerous, and it can also be implemented for
environmental monitoring. There are other systems [3] [4] and many more are proposed with
objective of home automation.

2.2. Women Security

The IoT plays an important role in security. The paper [5] focuses on a security system that is
designed merely to serve the purpose of providing security to women so that they never feel helpless
while facing such social challenges. A device is proposed which is the integration of multiple
devices, hardware comprises of a wearable “Smart band” which continuously communicates with
Smart phone that has access to the internet. The application is programmed and loaded with all the
required data which includes Human behavior and reactions to different situations like anger, fear
and anxiety. This generates a signal which is transmitted to the smart phone. The software or
application has access to GPS and Messaging services which is pre-programmed in such a way that
whenever it receives emergency signal, it can send help request along with the location co-ordinates
to the nearest Police station, relatives and the people in the near radius who have application. This
action enables help instantaneously from the Police as well as Public in the near radius who can
reach the victim with great accuracy.

Fig. 2.Security System for Women

In cases of abuse, the app directs the smart phone to perform the following tasks:
1. Sends message to the family members along with the co-ordinates.
2. Co-ordinates is sent to nearest police station requesting immediate action.
3. Also sends information to people in near vicinity requesting public attention.

2.3. Drunken Driving Detection:

The authors of paper [6] proposed a model based on IoT is aim to safeguard drunk and drowsy
drivers especially at night. It includes analysis of alcohol concentration, eye-blinking rate and the
rate at which the car is made to turn to detect a drunken or drowsy state and hence undertake
protective measures. Such measures include speed reduction, triggering an alarm, informing the
traffic control, activation of auto-pilot etc.
Various cheap sensors are available for detection of alcohol levels. However, it is clear that solely
relying on such sensors is not an effective solution to the drunken driving problem. Therefore, the
authors proposed a holistic method to combine a number of factors and personalize for specific
people, instead of a generalized approach.

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 International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Research (IJCTER)
Volume 03, Issue 08; August – 2017 [Online ISSN 2455–1392]

The parameters considered for the current work are:

1. Alcohol content
2. Eye blink rate and facial recognition
3. Acceleration and general movement of the car
4. Nature of the road, i.e. likelihood of accidents
The raw data from the alcohol sensor is passed and threshold, depending on the alcohol levels. It
can be easily detected using a variety of sensors.

2.4. Smart Highways

This paper [7] proposes a system for smart highways of future cities. Common city roads have to
face many problems such as traffic jams which cause loss of valuable time. And also there is no
display indication on our roads for showing traffic conditions in the city. This paper proposed a
wireless sensor based system which will be situated in the city roads and read the traffic data and
send it to the displays or road signs which are digital led boards providing information about all data.
The second part of system consist accident detection system based on the sound sensor it records the
sound of accident and with the help of that it decides whether accident has happen or not depending
on intensity of sound and if accident get detected it will send MSG through GSM modem to nearest
police station and hospital. The next provision in this system is bridge overflow detection. In many
areas water flows over the bridges in monsoon and that causes heavy traffic jams and kilometer long
lines of vehicles. To avoid this water overflow sensor will read the water data of the river bridge and
send to control station which will send this to active LED road signs where that will be displayed.
The fourth provision is for the landslides happening in the hilly areas which are the cause of traffic
jams and heavy loss. These different scenarios are depicted in Fig 3 . There are different systems
[8][9][10][11][12] are proposed to focus on smart transport system.

Fig.3. (a)Water Sensor detect water over the bridge (b) Ultrasonic sensor detect landslide happened in hilly area

III. CONCLUSION
Internet of things is a new internet application which leads to an era of smart technology
where there exists thing-thing communication rather than human-human communication. Through
IOT, each and every object in this world can be identified, connected and take decisions
independently. Technologies such as RFID, wireless sensor networks and embedded systems play a
vital role in forming an IOT application. It is used in many applications in healthcare, agriculture,
women security, smart buildings, transportations etc.

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 International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Research (IJCTER)
Volume 03, Issue 08; August – 2017 [Online ISSN 2455–1392]

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