Thermodynamics

1. For a given liquid at atmospheric pressure, which process can occur at any temperature?

A. boiling B. evaporation C. melting D. solidification

2. Which quantity must be the same for two bodies if they are to be in thermal equilibrium?
A. internal energy B. potential energy C. temperature D. mass

3. Two bodies are in thermal equilibrium. Which condition must apply?

A. Their heat capacities arc equal.
B. Their internal energies arc equal.
C. They are at the same temperature.
D. They emit and absorb electromagnetic radiation at the same rate.

4. How is the Avogadro constant defined?

A. the constant n in the equation 𝑝𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇
B. the constant N in the equation 𝑝𝑉 = 𝑁𝑘𝑇
C. the number of atoms in 0.012 kg of carbon – 12
D. the number of particles in 0.001 kg of hydrogen – 1

5. 20 g of oxygen at a temperature of 100 ⁰C occupy a cubic container of side 20 cm. The mass of a mole of
oxygen is 32 g. What is the pressure of the oxygen in the container?
A. 12 kPa B. 65 kPa C. 240 kPa D. 7800 kPa

6. What is 273 K on the Celsius scale of temperature?

A. – 0.15 ⁰C B. 0 ⁰C C. 0.15 ⁰C D. 273. 15 ⁰C

7. What thermodynamic temperature is equivalent to 501.85 ⁰C?

A. 775.01 K B. 775.00 K C. 774.85 K D. 228.85 K

8. The temperature of a body at 100 °C is increased by ∆𝜃 as measured on the Celsius scale. How is this
temperature change expressed on the Kelvin scale?
A. ∆𝜃 + 373 B. ∆𝜃 +273 C. ∆𝜃 + 100 D. ∆𝜃

9. A system absorbs 80 J through heating while doing 100 J of external work. What is the change in the internal
energy or the system?
A. – 100 J B. – 20 J C. +80 J D. +180 J

10. An ideal gas has a volume of 8.70 m3 and contains 1.44 x 1026 molecules. Its pressure is 9.80 x 104 Pa. What is
its temperature?
A. 156 K B. 429 K C. 4290 K D. 29600 K

11. The temperature of 1 kg of hydrogen gas is the same as that of 1 kg of helium gas if
A. the gases have the same internal energy.
B. the gases radiate energy at the same rate.
C. the gas molecules have the same root mean square speed.
D. the gas molecules have same mean translational kinetic energy.

12. A temperature may be measured by using a constant-volume gas thermometer and measuring the pressure
of the gas both at the triple point of water and at the unknown temperature. Which one of the following
procedures is necessary if two gas thermometers, using different real gases, are to agree?
A. Use gases of the same density in both thermometers.
B. Use gases of the same specific heat capacity in both thermometers.
 C. Take readings at very low pressures in both thermometers.
D. Use the same mass of gas in both thermometers.

13. Which statement concerning the evaporation and boiling of a liquid is true?
A. Boiling always occurs at a higher temperature than evaporation.
B. Evaporation and boiling are unaffected by changes in the surface area of the liquid.
C. Evaporation occurs at any temperature whereas the boiling point depends on the external pressure.
D. Evaporation results in the loss of the most energetic molecules from a liquid whereas in boiling, all
molecules have the same energy.

14. An electric kettle contains 500 g of water at 15 °C. The heating clement of the kettle is rated at 2.2 kW and
the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 x 103 J kg-1 K-1. What is the minimum time it takes to raise the
temperature of the water to 100 °C?
A. 22 s B. 81 s C. 95 s D. 8.1 x 104 s

15. The thermodynamic temperature of an ideal gas raised from T to 2T. Which quantity must be doubled?
A. the root-mean-square speed of the molecules
B. the square of the mean speed of the molecules
C. the mean speed of the molecules
D. the mean-square speed of the molecules

16. Which statement about the first law of thermodynamics is correct?

A. The heating of a system equals the increase of its internal energy plus the work done on the system.
B. The increase in the internal energy of a system equals the heating of the system plus the work done by
the system.
C. The increase in the internal energy of a system equals the heating of the system plus work done on the
system.
D. The work done on a system equals the increase of its thermal energy plus the heating of the system.

17. What is the number of hydrogen atoms, in terms of the Avogadro constant NA, in one mole of water H2O?
1 2
A. 3 𝑁𝐴 B. 3 𝑁𝐴 C. 𝑁𝐴 D. 2𝑁𝐴

18. Air is injected from a cylinder of compressed air into a balloon of volume V, causing its diameter to double.
What is the work done against the pressure p of the atmosphere?
A. pV B. 3 pV C. 4 pV D. 7 pV

19. The molecules of an ideal gas at thermodynamic (absolute) temperature T have a root-mean-square speed
VRMS. The gas is heated to temperature 2T. What is the new root-mean-square speed of the molecules?
A. √2𝑉𝑅𝑀𝑆 B. 2𝑉𝑅𝑀𝑆 C. 2√2𝑉𝑅𝑀𝑆 D. 4𝑉𝑅𝑀𝑆

20. What is the approximate number of atoms in a cubic meter of an ideal gas at a temperature of 27 ⁰C and a
pressure of 1x105 Pa?
A. 1x1021 B. 1x1022 C. 6x1023 D. 2x1025

21. The root-mean-square speed of the molecules of an ideal gas in a sealed container is v. The gas is heated
until the pressure in the container is trebled. Assuming that the volume of the container remains unchanged,
the value of the r.m.s. speed is now
A. 9v B. 3v C. √3v D. v