F.

Flow chart and Reaction

1. a) Reaction with NaOH

CrCl3 MnSO4 Fe(NH3)2SO4 FeCl3 CoCl2 NiCl2 ZnCl2 CuSO4

Added into different test tubes

Added drop by drop (≤10 drops) NaOH 1M

Greyish White White Brownish Blue Green White Blue

blue precipitate precipitate red precipitate Precipitate precipitate precipitate
precipitate precipitate

Added excess NaOH 1M solution

Precipitate White Precipitate Pink Blue Green Reddish Blue

insoluble precipitate( dissolved precipitate precipitate Precipitate brown precipitate
+) precipitate (+)
(+)
A. Reaction with NaOH
a) [Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3NaOH (aq) ⇌ [Cr(H2O)3(OH)3](s) + 3H2O(aq)
[Cr(H2O)3(OH)3] (s) + 3NaOH (aq) ⇌ [Cr(OH)6]3-(aq) + 3H2O(aq)
b) [Mn(H2O)6]2+(aq) + NaOH (aq) ⇌ [Mn(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) + H2O(aq)
[Mn(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) + NaOH (aq) ⇌ [Mn(H2O)3 (OH)3] (s) + H2O(aq)
c) [Fe(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + NaOH (aq) ⇌ [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2] (s)
[Fe(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) + NaOH (aq) ⇌ [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] (aq) +2H2O(aq)
d) [Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq) + NaOH (aq) ⇌ [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] (s) + H2O(aq)
[Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] (s) + 2NaOH (aq) ⇌ [Fe(H2O)2(OH)4] (aq) + 2H2O(aq)
e) [Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2NaOH (aq) ⇌ [Co(H2O)4(OH)2] (s)
[Co(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) + NaOH (aq) ⇌ [Co(H2O)3(OH)3] (aq) + 2H2O
f) [Ni(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + NaOH (aq) ⇌ [Ni(H2O)2(OH)4](s)
[Ni(H2O)2(OH)4](s)+ NaOH (aq) ⇌ [Ni(H2O)3(OH)3] (aq)
g) [Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) ⇌ [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) + 2H2O (aq)
[Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) + 4NaOH ⇌ [Cu(H2O)3(OH)3] (s) + 4H2O (aq)
b) Reaction with Ammonia

CrCl2 CuSO4 Mn(SO4) Fe(NH3)2SO4 ZnCl2 FeCl3 CoCl2 NiCl

solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution

Taken 1 mL and added into test tube

Added NH3 2 M solution drop by drop

Greyish blue White

precipitate Blue White White Brwonish Blue Green
precipitate
precipitate precipitate precipitate red precipitate precipitate
precipitate

Added excess NH3 solution

Precipitate Precipitate Precipitate Precipitate Precipitate Brwonish Precipitate Dark blue

dissolve dissolve dissolve dissolve dissolve red dissolve precipitate
precipitate
B. Reaction with Ammonia
a) [Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3NH3 (aq) ⇌ [Cr(H2O)3(OH)3](s) + 3NH4+(aq)
[Cr(H2O)3(OH)3](s) + 6NH3 (aq) ⇌ [Cr(H2O)2(OH)4] - (s) + 6NH4+(aq)
b) [Mn(H2O)6]2+(aq) + NH3 (aq) ⇌ [Mn(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) + NH4+ (aq)
[Mn(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) + NH3 (aq) ⇌ [Mn(H2O)3(OH)3]- (s) + NH4+ (aq)
c) [Fe(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + NH3 (aq) ⇌ [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2] (s)
[Fe(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) + NH3 (aq) ⇌ [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] - (aq)
d) [Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq) + NH3 (aq) ⇌ [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] (s)
[Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] (s)+ NH3 (aq) ⇌ [Fe(H2O)2(OH)4] - (aq)
e) [Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2NH3 (aq) ⇌ [Co(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) + 2NH4+ (aq)
[Co(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) + 6NH3 (aq) ⇌ [Co(H2O)3(OH)3] - (s) + 6NH4+ (aq)
f) [Ni(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2NH3 (aq) ⇌ [Ni(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) + 2NH4+ (aq)
[Ni(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) + 6NH3 (aq) ⇌ [Ni(H2O)3(OH)3] - (s) + 6NH4+ (aq)
g) [Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2NH3 (aq) ⇌ [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) + 2NH4+ (aq)
[Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) + 6NH3 (aq) ⇌ [Cu(H2O)3(OH)3] - (s) + 6NH4+ (aq)
h) [Zn(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2NH3 (aq) ⇌ [Zn(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) + 2NH4+ (aq)
[Zn(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) + 6NH3 (aq) ⇌ [Zn(H2O)3(OH)3] - (s) + 6NH4+ (aq)
 c) Reaction with NH4SCN 0,1 M
CrCl3 CuSO4 Mn(SO4) Fe(NH3)2SO4 solution ZnCl2 FeCl3 CoCl2 NiCl2
solution solution solution solution solution solution solution

Each solution take 1 m and pour into different test tube

Added NH4CNS 1mL 1M
Observe the changes

Blue solution (almost Green Colorless Brownish red Colorless Colored Pink Green Solution
same with previous solution solution solution solution solution
solution
color)

C. Reaction with NH4CNS

a) [Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq) + NH4SCN(aq) ⇌ [Cr(SCN)]3+ f. [Ni(H2O)6]2+(aq) + NH4SCN(aq) ⇌ [Ni(SCN)]2+
b) [Mn(H2O)6]2+(aq) + NH4SCN(aq) ⇌ [Mn(SCN)]2+ g. [Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + NH4SCN(aq) ⇌ [Cu(SCN)]2+
CrCl
3+
c) [Fe(H2O)6] CuSO
(aq) + NH4SCN(aq) ⇌ [Fe(SCN)]
Mn(SO )
2+
Larutan Fe(NH h.SO
) ]2+(aq) + NH4SCN(aq)
[Zn(H2O)4ZnCl FeCl ⇌ [Zn(SCN)]
CoCl
2+
NiCl2
d) [Fe(H2O)6]2+(aq) + NH4SCN(aq) ⇌ [Fe(SCN)]2+
3 4 4 3 2 4
solution
3 2
solution solution solution solution solution solution solution
e) [Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) + NH4SCN(aq) ⇌ [Co(SCN)]2+

d) blank solution
Each solution take 1 m and pour into different test tube
Added aquadest 1mL into each test tube
Observe the changes

Blue solution (+) Greenish Blue Colorless Yellow solution Colorless Yellow Solution Pink Solution Soft Green
Solution solution (--) solution (--) Solution (--)
D. Blank Solution
a) CrCl3 (aq) + H2O (l)  [Cr(H2O)6]3+ f) NiCl2 (aq) + H2O (l)  [Ni(H2O)6]2+ (aq)
b) MnSO4 (aq) + H2O (l)  [Mn(H2O)6]2+ (aq) g) CuSO4 (aq) + H2O (l)  [Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq)
c) Fe(NH3)2SO4 (aq) + H2O (l)  [Fe(H2O)6]2+ (aq) h) ZnCl2 (aq) + H2O (l)  [Zn(H2O)6]2+ (aq)
d) FeCl3 (aq) + H2O (l)  [Fe(H2O)6]3+ (aq)
e) CoCl2 (aq) + H2O (l)  [Co(H2O)6]2+ (aq)
2. Formation of complex ions by Transition metal ions
a) complex Cr(III)

2 mL diluted CrCl3 solution 0.1M

Added into test tube

Added 2-5 drops of Na2C2O4 solution (if
there is no changes , please added more)
Shaken it

Green solution (++)

Reaction Complex Cr (III)

CrCl3(aq) + Na2C2O4(aq)  [Cr(C2O4)3]3-(aq) + 2Na+ + 3Cl-

b) complex Fe (II) and Fe (III)

1 ml of Fe(II) solution (FeSO4) 2 mL of FeCl3 solution

Added into test tube Added into test tube

Added 2-3 drops of 1.10 Added 2 drops of SCN solution
Phenantroline solution Brownish Red
Shaken it

Added 2-5 drops of Na2C2O4 solution

Yellow solution (--) Shaken it

Orange

Reaction Complex Fe (II)

FeSO4(aq) + H2O(ℓ) + 1.10 Phenantroline(aq) → [Fe(1.10 Phenantroline)3]2+
 After added by 1,10-phenanthroline forms complex compound:

Reaction Complex Fe (III)

FeCl3(aq) + 3NH4CNS(aq)  Fe(CNS)3(aq) + 3NH4Cl
Fe(CNS)3(aq) + Na2C2O4(aq)  Fe(C2O4)(aq) + 2Na+ + CNS-
c) complex Cobalt (II)

1 mL of CoCl2 solution 1 mL of CoCl2 solution

Added into different test tube Added into different test tube
Added few drops of Added few drops of
ethylenediamine Na2EDTA
Shaken Shaken
Color changes Color changes

[CoCl2(en)2]Cl
cis-dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride

d) complex Nikel (II)

1 mL of Ni (II) solution 1 mL of Ni (II) solution

Added into different test tube Added into different test tube
Added few drops of Added few drops of DMG
ethylenediamine Shaken
Shaken
Color changes Red Precipitate
 1 mL of Ni (II) solution
Added into different test tube
Added few drops of Na-
EDTA
Shaken
Green Precipitate

e) complex Cu (II)
(1) CuSO4.5H2O CuCl2.2H2O
- Put into watch glass
Put into watch glass
- Observed the physical
Observed the physical
properties
properties

Result Result

(2) 1 mL CuSO4.5H2O 1 mL CuSO4.5H2O

Put into test tube Put into test tube
Added few drops off Added few drops off Na-
ethylenediamine EDTA
Written the complex ions Written the complex ions
which is formed which is formed
3. Changing of Oxidation Number
Result Result
a) Changing of Fe2+ to Fe3+

1 mL of FeSO4 solution

Added into test tube

Reaction Fe2+ to Fe3+
Added 2-3 drops of HNO 4M
Fe (aq) + HNO3(aq) + 3H+  Fe3+ + NO(g) + 2H2O(l)
3 2+

Fe3+ + NaOH  Fe(OH)3(s)

Heated it around 1-2 minutes
Cooled b) Changing of Cr2+ to Cr3+
DirtyNaOH
Added Green 2M slightly 1 mL of K2Cr2O7 solution
Precipitate

Added into test tube

Heated it
Added 1-2 granule of Zn
Added 1.5 ml HCl Concentrate
Heated until
Turbid there
Blue is a reaction
solution

Added 1 ml solution into another test tube

Added HNO3 concentrate slightly while
shaken
Dark Green Solution
Reaction Cr6+ to Cr3+
K2Cr2O7(aq) + 14HCl  2Cr3+ + 3Cl2 + 2K+ + Cl- + 7H2O(l)