Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Ore Mill
Steel
Energy
Steel
Rust
Corrosion
Conventional
Current Flow
Fe++
Iron ion
e-
Cathode Anode
Electron flow
• Soil Corrosivity
– Resistivity
– pH
– Salts
• Bi-metallic effect
• Mixed soils
• Differences in oxygen
Excavation
Clay
Corrosion
Pipe Native Soil
Sand
Corrosion Current Corrosion
Copper
ground
-200 mV Bare steel pipe
-500 mV
Coating flaw
Steel pipe
Coating
Corrosion
Copper
ground
Tank floor
Corrosion Corrosion
Clay lump
Copper
ground
Tank floor
Corrosion
Concrete or asphalt
• Material selection
• Bedding
• Coatings
• Cathodic Protection
Coating flaw
Coating
Steel
Anode
• Galvanic
• Impressed Current
Galvanic Anode
Exothermic
weld
Pipe
-500mV
Magnesium anode
-1700mV
Galvanic Cathodic Protection
Coating
Coating damage
Pipe
Magnesium
anode
Bare steel tank bottom
AC Power
Rectifier
Structure
(+) (-)
Anode
Impressed Current
Anode
Rectifier
Impressed Current
Rectifier Tank
20’
Anode
Impressed Current
Ground wire
Anode
Instrument
Dielectric gasket
Conduit
Anode
Instrument
Dielectric gasket
Conduit
Anode
Shunt
Ring
terminals
Test station
Tag
Anode
Pipeline
Galvanic
anode
Coating
Pipe
Weld
wall
Coating
12” sand
Liner
Anode array
Anode
Completed Before Testing
Set to
DC volts
Pipe
Reference cell
Soil
6”
Galvanic Anode Current
Set to
DC millivolts
Shunt
Impressed Current Rectifier Unit
Transformer
adjustments
Meters
Breaker Volts Amps
Shunt
Potential Potential
plus gradient Cell of steel
Impressed
anode Voltage
gradient
Emeasured = Ptank + I R
• Galvanic anodes
– -850mV or more negative with anodes connected
• Impressed current
– -850mV or more negative “instant-off”
-or-
– 100mV polarization shift
100mV Polarization Criteria
-1104 “On”
Polarization 167
-525 “Native”
Conclusions