Unit 6 - Intermolecular Forces CER Summative Part 6

Claim: Water can be separated from ethanol by the process of distillation.

Reasoning Sentence Stems

When looking at the evidence, I noticed that…
This data supports my claim because…
Our results showed that…
Based on our results, we believe that…
Most likely, what happened is that…
Another possible reason that…
This reason is unlikely because…

To receive a 4 (Exceeding Standards) you will need to write this in a NARRATIVE format.

Evidence Reasoning

Distillation is the process of purifying a substance by heating or cooling. Water can be separated from
ethanol because they have two different boiling points. As you can see in the distillation set up, “the
liquid can be heated to force components, which have different boiling points, into the gas phase. The
gas phase form is then condensed back into liquid form and collected.” This basically means that the
water is condensed into a gas stage as its boiling point is different from ethanol. This happens
because the kinetic energy was strong enough to break the Van Der Waals forces with molecules.
Once the water evaporates into a gas, ethanol is distilled. Ethanol was distilled because the kinetic
energy was not strong enough to break the Van Der Waals forces with molecules.
The boiling point for ethanol is 100 C as you can see in the boiling charts. The boiling point for
water on the other hand is 78.4 C. Molecules in the water break apart faster due to Van Der Waals
forces being weaker than ethanol. This happens because when heating a substance, one is
evaporating. The two begin to separate during the process of heating. There is only enough kinetic
energy to break the Van Der Waals forces of water and not enough to break ethanol. The molecules
within water have weaker force attraction. This explains why boiling point of water is lesser than
ethanol.
Distillation Set-up

Distillation is a widely used method for separating mixtures based on differences in the conditions
required to change the phase of components of the mixture. To separate a mixture of liquids, the liquid
can be heated to force components, which have different boiling points, into the gas phase. The gas is
then condensed back into liquid form and collected. Repeating the process on the collected liquid to
improve the purity of the product is called double distillation. Although the term is most commonly
applied to liquids, the reverse process can be used to separate gases by liquefying components using
changes in temperature and/or pressure.

Distillation is used for many commercial processes, such as production of gasoline, distilled water,
xylene, alcohol, paraffin, kerosene, and many other liquids. Types of distillation include simple
distillation (described here),fractional distillation (different volatile 'fractions' are collected as they are
produced), and destructive distillation (usually, a material is heated so that it decomposes into
compounds for collection).

Boiling Points

Substance Boiling Point (°C)

water 78.4
 Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) 100

Rubric rating submitted on: 6/14/2016, 11:21:48 AM by jposhaughnessy@cps.edu

4 3 2 1 0

PS1-3.1 Correctly Correctly Generally Incorrectly DNA

Describes the describes the describes the describes the describes the
relationship relationship relationship relationship relationship
between the between the between the between the between the
measurable property and the property and the property and the property and the
properties of a strength of strength of strength of strength of
substance and electrical forces electrical forces. forces. electrical forces.
the strength of and uses
the electrical examples.
forces between
the particles of
the substance.
Your score: 3

PS1-3.2 Correctly Correctly Generally Incorrectly DNA

Describes why explains explains explains explains
the strength of why/how the why/how the why/how the why/how the
the electrical electrical forces electrical forces forces cause the electrical forces
forces between cause the cause the property. cause the
the particles of property and property. property.
the chosen uses examples.
substances cause
the observable
phenomenon.
Your score: 3

Evidence Evidence is Student meets Evidence is Evidence is DNA

sufficient to most but not all present but is not absent OR not
LA.9-10.WHST.9- support claim. requirements for sufficient relevant to claim
10.1.b sufficient
Your score: 3 Evidence is evidence. Evidence is Evidence is
specific/detailed. sometimes absent OR not
Evidence is vague. relevant
specific/detailed.

Reasoning Student clearly Student meets One part, One or zero DNA
explains why and one of the two sometimes parts, often
LA.9-10.WHST.9- how the scientific parts for a 4 unclear, unclear,
10.1.c event occurred contradictory, or contradictory, or
Your score: 2 using BOTH of or inconsistent. inconsistent.
the following:
 Student ties Student Partially
unobservable meets both parts
scientific for a 4
phenomena to
evidence

Student creates a
logical line of
reasoning based
on established
logical reasoning
chains

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