MP Ls Arabic

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‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ )‪(MPLS‬‬

‫‪Multi Protocol Label Switching‬‬
‫
‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﻞ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‬
‫
‬
‫ ‬ ‫ ‬
‫ﺃﲪﺪ ﺻﻘﺮ ﺃﲪﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺓ‬
‫‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺷﻜﺮ‬
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‫ﺍﻹﻫﺪﺍء‬
‫*ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﻷﻥ ﺃﻛﻮﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬

‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻧﲔ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻲ‪...‬ﺃﻣﻲ‬
‫* ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺎﱄ ﻭﲢﻤﻞ ﻋﺐء ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻌﻲ‬

‫ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫*ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‪...‬ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﺭﻛﻮﻧﻲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬

‫ﺇﺧﻮﺗﻲ‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬MPLS ‫ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬

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‫ ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬MPLS ‫ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
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‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬

,
MPLS TE ‫ ﻭ‬BGP MPLS VPN's ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
BGP MPLS VPNs &' ,
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‫‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻖ ‪ :A‬ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮ ‪ MPLS‬ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫"‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ )‪(Glossary‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ )‪(Reference's‬‬
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!
version 12.1
!
hostname Core-LSR-A
!
ip subnet-zero
ip cef
٥٢
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.255
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface Ethernet1/0
no ip address
shutdown
no cdp enable
!
no ip address
shutdown
no cdp enable
!
no ip address
shutdown
no cdp enable
!
no ip address
shutdown
no cdp enable
!
interface FastEthernet2/0
IP unnumbered loopback0
tag-switching ip
!
tag-switching ip
!
!
router ospf 10
network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
!
ip classless
no ip http server
!
no cdp run
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
transport input none
line aux 0
٥٣
line vty 0 4
password cisco
no login
!
end
:EDGE LSR B ?Q G 0
!
version 12.1
!
hostname Edge-LSR-B
!
ip subnet-zero
ip cef
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.255
!
ip address 10.10.20.1 255.255.255.0
!
no ip address
shutdown
no cdp enable
!
no ip address
shutdown
no cdp enable
!
no ip address
shutdown
no cdp enable
!
tag-switching ip
!
no ip address
shutdown
no cdp enable
!
router ospf 10
network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
٥٤
!
ip classless
no ip http server
!
no cdp run
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
password cisco
no login
!
End
CORE LSR C ?Q G 0
The following output is from the EDGE LSR C Router.
!
version 12.1
!
hostname Edge-LSR-C
!
ip subnet-zero
ip cef
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.10.10.3 255.255.255.255
!
ip address 10.10.30.1 255.255.255.0
!
no ip address
shutdown
no cdp enable
!
no ip address
shutdown
no cdp enable
!
no ip address
shutdown
no cdp enable
!
٥٥
tag-switching ip
!
no ip address
shutdown
no cdp enable
!
router ospf 10
network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
!
ip classless
no ip http server
!
no cdp run
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
password cisco
no login
!
end
٥٦
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
MPLS ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬MPLS ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬

"MPLS VPN's"
( "
HIJK VPN ?@ "
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MPLS -L/ ,"
MPLS VPN 8 2"
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‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬MPLS ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
"MPLS VPN's"
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MPLS VPN's Layer 3 VPN Layer 2 VPN : (X (") !
Comment Layer 2 Layer 3 MPLS
Virtual Tunnels VPNs
Circuits
Ease of setup Must have advanced Low Medium High
and monitoring and automated
management flow-through systems to
quickly roll out new services,
enforce security and QoS
policies, and support Service-
Level Agreements (SLAs).
Security Must offer different levels of High High High
security, including tunneling,
encryption, traffic separation,
authentication, and access
control.
Scalability Must be able to scale the Medium Medium High
provisioning of VPN services
from small and medium-sized
businesses to large enterprise
customers.
QoS Must be able to assign priority High Must be High
to mission-critical or delay- implemented
sensitive traffic and manage using other
congestion across varying technologies
bandwidth rates.
Provisioning Direct and indirect costs of High Medium Low
costs provisioning the VPNs.
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MPLS VPN :; < (") &'
:"

M4 +F P # BQ 3
(P2 P1) P A>0! N& ;7 A
Router P1
!
! CEF forwarding needs to be enabled
!
ip cef
!
interface loopback0
ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface Ethernet 0
ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.0
tag-switching ip
!
ip address 10.10.11.1 255.255.255.0
tag-switching ip
!
router ospf 1
network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 10.10.11.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router P2
!
!
ip cef
٨٤
!
interface loopback0
ip address 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.255
!
ip address 10.10.11.2 255.255.255.0
tag-switching ip
!
ip address 10.10.12.1 255.255.255.0
tag-switching ip
!
router ospf 1
network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 10.10.11.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 10.10.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
MBGP
P% '
1 ,
- PE ?Q
PE2 PE1 A>0! ;7B
Router PE1
!
!
ip cef
!
! define RED VPN
!
ip vrf RED
rd 100:1
route-target export 100:1000
route-target import 100:1000
!
interface loopback0
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.255
!
! Ethernet 0 to connect to P router
!
ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
tag-switching ip
!
! Ethernet 1 to connect to CE router
!
ip vrf forwarding RED
ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0
!
٨٥
router ospf 1
network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
Router bgp 100
!
! establish BGP session with other PE
!
neighbor 10.10.10.4 remote-as 100
neighbor 10.10.10.4 update-source Loopback0
!
address-family vpnv4
neighbor 10.10.10.4 activate
neighbor 10.10.10.4 send-community both
exit-address-family
!
! command for VPN RED
!
address-family ipv4 vrf RED
redistribute connected
exit-address-family
!
Router PE2
!
!
ip cef
!
! define RED VPN
!
ip vrf RED
rd 100:1
!
interface loopback0
ip address 10.0.0.4 255.255.255.255
!
! Ethernet 0 to connect to P router
!
ip address 10.10.12.2 255.255.255.0
tag-switching ip
!
! Ethernet 1 to connect to CE router
!
ip vrf forwarding RED
ip address 192.168.200.1 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
٨٦
network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 10.10.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
Router bgp 100
!
! establish BGP session with other PE
!
!
exit-address-family
!
!
exit-address-family
.MPLS %) ) )N

Y .6 0 PE ?Q B +1 CE ?Q E
-
2 ?
PE # BQ >1 /6 0 IP ) 03 & 2 R" 7 0 PE !3 CE B ( C
Redistribute )F R )B PE's ) MBGP 3 L , ? <A /MBGP + R" 0$
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0 !3 # B
0
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# B

."7 # B
R" +
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%
4 ?
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CE # BQ 3
CE >0! ;7C
Router CE1
!
ip address 192.168.100.2 255.255.255.0
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.100.1
!
Router CE2
!
ip address 192.168.200.2 255.255.255.0
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.200.1
٨٧
B<
(d`) % /* '2 #H VPN L %3 !" * 1 MPLS-VPN E3
.
MPLS-VPN 0 . "7 '2 ' *
VPN
# % B5 @ MPLS-VPN (") &'
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, +
'2 CE ?Q 3

: M4
A B5 A CE 0! ;7 Y

Router CE1
!
ip address 192.168.100.2 255.255.255.0
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.100.1
!
MBGP >0 /0 . % ' * '2 ?

K $ H
.* '2 ?

* # !" 7 !" * 1 K
A 0 . ;
;
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)
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OSPF , ?
>0
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. B !3 ""
٨٨
PE B OSPF J'Z # % B5 @ MPLS-VPN (") &'
; K ;+0 C '2 A '2 # BQ R" .OSPF Area0 !3 CE # BQ '

CE PE ")7
?"
P% OSPF 3 !3 PE # BQ G .( ; 4 B"7
O
; "
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CE B OSPF J' PE >0! ;7 2Y

Router PE1
!
! define RED VPN
!
ip vrf RED
rd 100:1
!
! Configuration for ospf for VPN RED
!
router ospf 10 vrf RED
network 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
area 0 sham-link 192.168.100.2 192.168.103.2 cost 40
!
Router bgp 100
!
! establish BGP session with other PE.
! One set of BGP peering command is shown for brevity
!
!
٨٩
exit-address-family
!
!
redistribute ospf 10
exit-address-family
UH /VRF RED ) @%v 2 OSPF

" O7C ;H /8 , M4
VRF ) MBGP ) $ H , .Router ospf 10 vrf RED F .VPN ID
.VRF RED 0 OSPF # B
0] T "
g router ospf 10 4$ F ] /RED
MPLS- )
C"0 "7 M7 CE3 CE1

"" "7 /(d`) % !3 *
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C"0 "7 /
+ 1+ MPLS-VPN "7 OSPF Z /VPN
CN. "7 .PE1 PE3
BQ
(sham link) C
. "7 @%^ / " % - CO
M)4 .MPLS-VPN
>0
- /C
. "7 ' .
+ "7 *
area 0 sham-link 192.168.100.2 192.168.103.2 cost F C
. "7 ,
- F =C .PE2 192.168.103.2 /PE1 192.168.100.2
/40
.A '2 OSPF P%
CE ?Q 3 , B<
.PE2
g
.A B5 A OSPF J' CE 0! ;7 3Y

Router CE1
!
ip address 192.168.100.2 255.255.255.0
!
Interface Serial 0
ip address 192.168.200.1 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 10
network 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.200.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
>0) ?) #)2 =C /*

VPN % B4 ' '2 * 7 MPLS-VPN
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"2
72 C" #H WAN % L
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ATL d
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BGP MPLS VPN ! .( ,) !
No. Name of the VPN Route Distinguisher ASN:VPN-ID
1. QoS VPN 100:10
2. KU-TIOC VPN 100:30
3. KU-ATL VPN 100:20
.VPN's $ ?Q 3 '4

#+0 #.v
# B
+1 .VPN ) I C RD - [
.VPN (VRF) "+ -[
g :#
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jake(config)#ip vrf qos-vpn
jake(config-vrf)# rd 100:10
jake(config-vrf)# route-target export 100:10
jake(config-vrf)# route-target import 100:10
jake(config-vrf)#end
١٠٣
jake(config)#ip vrf ku-tioc-vpn
jake(config)#ip vrf ku-atl-vpn

.IP B 67^0 B IO [ VRF #1v :#
jake(config)#interface atm1/0/0.100 tag-switching
jake(config-subif)#ip vrf forwarding qos-vpn
jake(config-subif)# ip address 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0
jake(config-subif)#end
# )" ')
. # , % BGP Pf%
g PE ?Q !3 PE ?Q # " #77^0 :#
.VPN VRF
jake(config)#router bgp 20
jake(config-router)# no synchronization
jake(config-router)# no bgp default ipv4-unicast
jake(config-router)# neighbor 2.2.2.1 remote-as 20
jake(config-router)# neighbor 2.2.2.3 remote-as 20
jake(config-router)# address-family vpnv4
jake(config-router-af)# neighbor 2.2.2.1 activate
jake(config-router-af)# neighbor 2.2.2.1 send-community extended
jake(config-router-af)# neighbor 2.2.2.3 activate
jake(config-router-af)# neighbor 2.2.2.3 send-community extended
jake(config-router-af)# exit-address-family
jake(config-router)#end
) ) ) # , % BGP P%g
+ CE ?Q !3 PE ?Q # " #77^0 :"#
.VPN 4 7 # "
jake(config)#router bgp 20
jake(config-router)#address-family ipv4 vrf qos-vpn
jake(config-router-af)#redistribute connected
jake(config-router-af)# redistribute static
jake(config-router-af)# no auto-summary
jake(config-router-af)# no synchronization
jake(config-router-af)# exit-address-family
jake(config-router)#end
burlingame-tag (ATL) kctagrouter (TIOC) # BQ B % 3 #+0 #HfC^
١٠٤
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:IO -7 U 0A ++0 >0 B
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.) 7 O0 RH . A8. @/ # VRF -7 P
.1 % KU TIOC KU-ATL
0F
% Qos VPN 3 $
.(% @ VRF's : (;! _;
jake#show ip vrf interfaces
Interface IP-Address VRF Protocol
ATM1/0/0.100 192.168.20.2 qos-vpn up
) qos-vpn VRF ) 8v 2 ATM 1/0/0.100 C HC M4
8 F
.192.168.20.2 C HC" IP
. $ ) (;! (85 (9 VRF 1% _;
jake#show ip vrf detail
VRF ku-atl-vpn; default RD 100:20
No interfaces
Connected addresses are not in global routing table
Export VPN route-target communities
RT:100:20
Import VPN route-target communities
RT:100:20
No import route-map
VRF ku-tioc-vpn; default RD 100:30
No interfaces
RT:100:30
RT:100:30
No import route-map
VRF qos-vpn; default RD 100:10
Interfaces:
ATM1/0/0.100
RT:100:10
RT:100:10
No import route-map
)1"g RD's /[ VRF's #O
7C +g
!"F "show"
)B # B

VPN # % RD's VRF ) 8" HC /VRF's )
;L.) =
RH ?
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. !" B
3
7
١٠٥
Connected " ) IO ( RH E g
g
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" addresses are not in global routing table
:VRF & IP ! ! _;"

jake#show ip route vrf qos-vpn
B 192.168.10.0/24 [200/0] via 2.2.2.1, 16:17:00
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, ATM1/0/0.100
B 199.2.52.0/24 [200/0] via 2.2.2.3, 15:19:00
#A )03 ),O, IO) B< . VRF ) + IP ?
IO F +g
(TIOC) )% ) 1 *) "B" 3 .VPN )) IH L. ,O, '2" 1
. %) IH) !3 BGP + 7 B !3
%^ (ATL) 199.2.52.0 % 192.168.10.0
+) ?)Q H) !)3 % % 7 192.168.20.0 % ; 4
8 ( B<
.CF M4 RH ATL TIOC %^

atm1/0/0.100
C B
.VRF L -1K CEF ! _;,

jake#show ip cef vrf qos-vpn
Prefix Next Hop Interface
0.0.0.0/32 receive
192.168.10.0/24 2.2.2.1 XTagATM92
192.168.20.0/24 attached ATM1/0/0.100
192.168.20.0/32 receive
192.168.20.2/32 receive
192.168.20.255/32 receive
199.2.52.0/24 2.2.2.3 XTagATM93
224.0.0.0/24 receive
255.255.255.255/32 receive
) %)^ g
.VRF Jake ) + CEF (for jake) IO F B<g
2.2.2.1 ') Xtag ATM92 H)C +) ?)Q HB "7 192.168.10.0 % !"F
Xtag ATM93 B + 199.2.52.0 % !3 7
;4
.
*.C1 (Kctagrouter)
)7 192.168.20.0 % ;4
( B<g
.
*.C1 (Burlinghanetag) 2.2.2.3 '
.ATM 1/0/0.100 C HC + % %
L 8L) (NLRI) (&'L (L $ 1% A VPN-IPV4 1% >P72
.BGP
jake#show ip bgp vpnv4 all
BGP table version is 13, local router ID is 2.2.2.2
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i – internal
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? – incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path

Route Distinguisher: 100:10 (default for vrf qos-vpn)
*>i192.168.10.0 2.2.2.1 0 100 0i
١٠٦
*> 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ?
*>i199.2.52.0 2.2.2.3 0 100 0i
) .),O, PE # BQ BGP
N VPN-IPV4 # " 8 F B<
)1 #A 0$ ] /jake F # B

(199.2.53.0 192.168.10.0) VPN %
!)3 7 BO0

#.C1 .IGP # B
#" B !3
% "i" 1
.1
+ =C B<^ %
.!
0 : (1%K VRF 7 - A (1)K ) 7 >P7
jake#show ip bgp vpnv4 all tags
Network Next Hop In tag/Out tag
Route Distinguisher: 100:10 (qos-vpn)
192.168.10.0 2.2.2.1 notag/34
192.168.20.0 0.0.0.0 27/aggregate(qos-vpn)
199.2.52.0 2.2.2.3 notag/30
) 1 )O !3 in tag
% .> = VPN-IPV4 # O/> IO F B<g
) 2 O

R" A 2.2.2.1 . /jake .H O !3
% out tag
4) !)3 ^
!" ."notag" R"
8 0$ ] /= VPN 1+
R)"
-) / % % "7 VPN ."h`" O + B] (192.168.20.0) VPN
."27" "0 O ? !" ?
3 %g
VPN-IPV4 > =
: )D =

Y . $ (* 1 >) #
3 > >0^
Qos #0 . + ?Q B '2 M
7 #
(i% >) 0X MPLS
) #)f g .O

Y . 1 O0
P
A i% > 81" VPN
-
4) ) ping >. #") v .
,A 2 (kctagrouter jake)
BQ O !" Debug
) PE # BQ
?"1 L ,
P !1
i% > 81 > .Qos VPN ) N B
.(`a) %
Nested Label
Nested
Remains
Label unchanged
)1 F & A) @ MPLS VPN (&' (",) &'
١٠٧
:! 1% B.
)K ) ?
# " '
.

/
K 4 Extranet %

# )" ')
. B
KU-ATL VPN RH 0 . & ;
1 E 0 !3
(Router Reflector) ?)
= ) TIOC ) v /TIOC VPN ) 4 7
#") v . ;
" + BGP % ?
=
.
.ATL KU
BGP G. #"
.
?
#A '
# RH . ?Q !3 #. >, TIOC !3 ATL KU # B

.* % "7 ATL !3 KU % % #
8
/TIOC
.TIOC > ? % % $ #
P ,K
kctagrouter(config)#router bgp 20
kctagrouter(config-router)#address-family vpnv4
kctagrouter(config-router-af)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 activate
kctagrouter(config-router-af)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 route-reflector-client
kctagrouter(config-router-af)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 send-community extended
kctagrouter(config-router-af)#neighbor 2.2.2.3 activate
kctagrouter(config-router-af)#neighbor 2.2.2.3 route-reflector-client
kctagrouter(config-router-af)#neighbor 2.2.2.3 send-community extended
kctagrouter(config-router-af)#exit-address-family
kctagrouter(config-router)#end
: % !" KU BGP # " !+^
jake#show ip bgp neighbors
BGP neighbor is 2.2.2.1, remote AS 20, internal link
BGP version 4, remote router ID 2.2.2.1
BGP state = Established, up for 00:13:59
Last read 00:00:59, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds
Neighbor capabilities:
Route refresh: advertised and received
Address family VPNv4 Unicast: advertised and received
Received 1296 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue
Sent 1297 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue
Route refresh request: received 0, sent 0
Minimum time between advertisement runs is 5 seconds
For address family: VPNv4 Unicast
BGP table version 19, neighbor version 19
Index 1, Offset 0, Mask 0x2
2 accepted prefixes consume 120 bytes
Prefix advertised 4, suppressed 0, withdrawn 1
.TIOC ') BGP " 670

KU ATL PE ?Q IO 8 <O
/ )0X G.) !3 ?C L% = ?Q = >1

IO G.F
VPN # B
>
.?
# " '
. 81
H ] RH
١٠٨
. @/ ) B5 # % VPN (9; : -
Extranet ) '2 '

H #A /VPN's * ; '2

.)
)B/B ' *
VRF 8 ] M
B
" !" Cisco 8
+ ] !" .Intranet
) ;4)
H3 * # B >0 PE ?Q 7A > -
4 !"
RH
# )B >0) )
N
.
C "7 =C 8 *
4 R" !" 7
.VPN's *
8) ) ?)Q >1
/
C B/B =C !" VRF's * P%^ .C"0

,K) $ #
P G .+1
0F VRF 3 03 A
H0@
8 VRF 03
.# 1
+ =C
jake(config)#interface ATM1/0/0.100 tag-switching

jake(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0
jake(config-subif)#no ip directed-broadcast
jake(config-subif)#tag-switching atm control-vc 100 32
jake(config-subif)#tag-switching ip
jake(config-subif)#exit
jake(config)#interface ATM1/0/0.200 tag-switching

jake(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.0
jake(config-subif)#no ip directed-broadcast
jake(config-subif)#tag-switching atm control-vc 200 32
jake(config-subif)#tag-switching ip
jake(config-subif)#end

4 > 3 BGP ?
'
. # " .snag !" B % #3 #
v
:"
jake#sh ip bgp vpnv4 all tags

Route Distinguisher: 100:10 (qos-vpn)
129.237.120.0/21 2.2.2.4 notag/29
192.168.10.0 2.2.2.1 notag/29
199.2.52.0 2.2.2.3 notag/30
jake#sh ip vrf brief
Name Default RD Interfaces
ku-atl-vpn 100:20
ku-tioc-vpn 100:30
qos-vpn 100:10 ATM1/0/0.100
ATM1/0/0.200
. # B C"0 VPN H !3 TIOC N B -
4 ping >. #" ^
١٠٩
:VPN (9; 1% ' : -
R)H )2 .BGP +) # , ?
6
70 3 PE ?Q CE ?Q 7

Linux PC 7 burlingame-tag ?Q ' # , % ATL Solaris PC (CAFine) 7

drag(7200) snag )7 "Zebra" >0 BGP + ?Q ' TIOC (tagtrial-pc)
#"7 7 0 F
KU-ATL KU-TIOC % #v .BGP + jake ' KU
# 0A #
v
7
4 # " % 81" .IO H^ CE # C
4/# BQ !3
:

:@ VRF's (;! _; (I
jake#show ip vrf interfaces
Interface IP-Address VRF Protocol
XTagATM94 192.168.20.2 ku-atl-vpn up
ATM1/0/0.100 192.168.20.2 ku-tioc-vpn up
C"0 # B KU PE ?Q =C
"7 CE 2 R !"F ( B<
.
C"0 VPN's )
!" B .IP =C B
" 67^0 ?
. VRF ! : IP ! ! _; (II
jake#show ip route vrf ku-tioc-vpn
B 192.168.10.0/24 [200/0] via 2.2.2.1, 00:03:25
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, ATM1/0/0.100
jake#show ip route vrf ku-atl-vpn

C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, XTagATM94
B 199.2.52.0/24 [200/0] via 2.2.2.3, 00:03:52
CE # BQ # " !" 7 PE # BQ <O
/IO * < N
)
.
7)/
)A # )BQ O0 1 VPN )
L 4F - "7

.BGP + VPN L 4 2 1^ # B
/# ,
; 4
<O
8) ((&' ( H7 $ 1%) NLRI A VPN-IPV4 1% _; (III
:A1 & BGP
jake#show ip bgp vpnv4 all
Route Distinguisher: 100:20 (default for vrf ku-atl-vpn)
*> 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ?
*>i199.2.52.0 2.2.2.3 0 100 0?
Route Distinguisher: 100:30 (default for vrf ku-tioc-vpn)
*>i192.168.10.0 2.2.2.1 0 100 0?
*> 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ?
.0! 5 : (1% VRF >! - A ) )7 7 _; (IV
kctagrouter#show ip bgp vpnv4 all tags
Route Distinguisher: 100:20
192.168.20.0 2.2.2.2 notag/29
Route Distinguisher: 100:30 (ku-tioc-vpn)
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 27/aggregate(ku-tioc-vpn)
١١٠
192.168.20.0 2.2.2.2 notag/28
'2 ; ;
< R"
kctagrouter >Y !" !"F VPN-IPV4 > # B<v
.VPN ) ;L. #
/E 0 '2 # O 1
?] /KU VPN
% IP ! 1% _; (V
jake#show ip route
2.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
O 2.2.2.3/32 [110/2] via 2.2.2.3, 01:12:57, XTagATM93
C 2.2.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
O 2.2.2.1/32 [110/2] via 2.2.2.1, 01:12:57, XTagATM92
129.237.0.0/21 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 129.237.120.0 is directly connected, Ethernet6/1/0
> ) ?)
) ;L. #
VPN # B
IO ?
G A
.VPN ;L. =
? + VPN L 4 !3 7 ?
A 0 -
4 U ]
.PE-CE BGP 1% _;(VI
snag#show ip route
C 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 192.168.60.0/24 is directly connected, ATM1/0
S 192.168.10.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.20.2
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, ATM5/0.100
C 129.237.120.0 is directly connected, Ethernet3/0
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 129.237.127.254
snag )) + # BQ '
] /BGP + jake ) 7 (CE ?
Q ) snag
.(CF ) jake ?<O
RH jake !3 BGP + &.^
jake#sh ip bgp vpnv4 all
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? – incomplete

Route Distinguisher: 100:20 (default for vrf ku-atl-vpn)
*> 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ?
*>i199.2.52.0 2.2.2.3 0 100 0?
Route Distinguisher: 100:30 (default for vrf ku-tioc-vpn)
*>i2.0.0.0 192.168.20.1 0 100 0?
*>i129.237.0.0 192.168.20.1 0 100 0?
*>i192.168.10.0 2.2.2.1 0 100 0?
*>i192.168.20.0 192.168.20.1 0 100 0?
*>i192.168.60.0 192.168.20.1 0 100 0?
8)1 >
HB ; 4
#. 2 129.237.0.0 2.0.0.0 # B
<O
>0) / !" TIOC . VRF PE !3 CE '2 # B

'
'
. > ?
) )$ .Zebra >0) * )% Kctagrouter ') BGP # )" 6
70 Linux PC
# )" ) , # )" * 1" # B
81 > .1 " ? % Kctagrouter
١١١
=)C >0
? <O > ;4
.VPN L 4 '
!" &.^ CE PE # BQ
BGP
.C"0 ;HC ' B + C"0 VPN's IP
:(5<

R)" 0
. BC" "7 '+2 % ?
* 3 !" * 2 MPLS % 3
')+2 8)
+ ) 7A 0 -
4 B =C !3

@ 8
+ *.

.ATL 0X % KU-TIOC)
N B
C
4

3 > . C "7

) 7
UH HC 8"Yv .* % "7 TIOC !3 KU #H

H)C ) ATL TIOC !)3 )7 >) ? CF !+g
%g
.TIOC KU
.( ATL KU
+
UH HC) XTagATM 93
jake#show tag-switching forwarding-table
Local Outgoing Prefix Bytes tag Outgoing Next Hop
Tag tag or VC or Tunnel Id switched interface
26 4/47 2.2.2.1/32 0 XT93 point2point
27 4/33 2.2.2.3/32 0 XT9 3 point2point
28 Aggregate 192.168.20.0/24[V] 0
29 Aggregate 192.168.20.0/24[V] 0
30 Untagged 129.237.0.0/16[V] 0 AT1/0/0.100 point2point
31 Untagged 2.0.0.0/8[V ]0 AT1/0/0.100 point2point
32 Untagged 192.168.60.0/24[V 0 AT1/0/0.100 point2point
33 4/47 192.168.10.0/24[V] 0 XT93 point2point
:"
!+g
RH 8 TDP - %
jake#show tag-switching tdp discovery
Local TDP Identifier:
2.2.2.2:0
TDP Discovery Sources:
Interfaces:
ATM1/0/0.100: xmit
XTagATM93: xmit/recv
TDP Id: 2.2.2.3:2
XTagATM94: xmit
!3 <O

$
Y XTagATM 92 <O
:
#L 7$
+^ TIOC !3 KU ping >. .ATL !3 BB
g
TIOC
jake#ping 2.2.2.1
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 72/73/76 ms
:# %)
H)C ) # )Y )2 KU !3 TIOC B < .
, "7 '+1^
: X ping #L 73 jake 3 !+g
.XTagATM 92
jake#show tag-switching forwarding-table
١١٢
26 2/34 2.2.2.1/32 0 XT92 point2point
27 4/33 2.2.2.3/32 0 XT93 point2point
28 Aggregate 192.168.20.0/24[V] 0
29 Aggregate 192.168.20.0/24[V] 0
33 2/34 192.168.10.0/24[V] 0 XT92 point2point
jake#show tag-switching tdp discovery
Local TDP Identifier:
2.2.2.2:0
TDP Discovery Sources:
Interfaces:
ATM1/0/0.100: xmit
TDP Id: 2.2.2.1:1
TDP Id: 2.2.2.3:2
XTagATM94: xmit
jake#ping 2.2.2.1
jake#ping 2.2.2.3
ATL !)3 KU )
$ H " 73ms ?

ping .
$ ] RH .2ms !3 ping .
P "7 #
v .TIOC !3 ATL
")" 8)1 .XTagATM 92 H)C ) H) TIOC !3 B '
X B<g
. @+0 "7 % BB

g
2, IO # 0A
:(B) (15) -1) "

) ) . )
P^/- 4^
$ -" ++0 !" Ls 8" # 0 #
v
.- 4g

++0 ] PE ?Q !" *
VPN 6
70
Per - PE
Function. Number of Lines
Defining the new VPN with a VRF 4
Associating the VRF with an interface 2
Establishing PE-PE BGP sessions 3 per PE
Establishing PE-CE static sessions 2
Per CE:
Function. Number of Lines
Establishing PE-CE static sessions 1
Establishing PE-CE BGP sessions 3
)B ) $ -" ++0 ] B '2 ' N . d -
: <
:
.'2 ) '2

+ $ > B + (BGP ) CE +0 d •
١١٣
router(config)#router bgp 25
router(config-router)#address-family ipv4 vrf site1-vpn ! name of vpn
router(config-router-af)#redistribute connected
10*(4+2+2)+3 = 83 lines per PE

*
VRF -
++0 ` •
router(config)#ip vrf site1-vpn

router(config-vrf)#rd 100:30
router(config-vrf)#route-target export 100:30
router(config-vrf)#route-target import 100:30
HC VRF 8 $ +0 •
router(config)#interface atm1/0.100 tag-switching
router(config-if)#ip vrf forwarding site1-vpn
router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1
PE-CE BGP # " +0 PE-PE BGP G. ++0 h •
router(config)#router bgp 20
router(config-router)#no synchronization
router(config-router)#no bgp default ipv4-unicast ! for PE-PE
router(config-router)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 20 ! for PE-PE
router(config-router)#address-family ipv4 vrf ku-tioc-vpn

router(config-router-af)#redistribute connected ! for PE-CE
router(config-router-af)#neighbor 192.168.10.10 remote-as 120 ! for PE-CE
router(config-router-af)#no auto-summary
router(config-router-af)#no synchronization
router(config-router-af)#exit-address-family
router(config-router)#address-family vpnv4
router(config-router-af)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 activate ! for PE-PE
router(config-router-af)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 send-community extended
router(config-router-af)#exit-address-family
+)0 h U
RH .

0X '
] PE-PE BGP G. L ,
. ;1 T %
:!) ",
(O(I)) )
+0 *
. R .HC + ++0 4
P +1 >."
/#
P (
) ')2 ) *
. ' ++0
+0 *
. R .VPN's *
. ' ++0
.*
VPN R > H3 PE ?Q 3 #
P U R A CE ?Q
:"
1 ZN 6"0
)
" 2 ') 7 O IP ?
>0 VPN # % L = @ MPLS >0
.d
.
, 1+" ?Q 7A #H

"1 VPN # % 4 ' * $
١١٤
%) #v H3
, 1+ VPN # % ?K UH F E =C MPLS VPN .
.M
7
'2 "7 PE's +1
8
+ % * ?Q
1 MPLS VPN "1 .h
.?
# " % H0@ VPN
L %)$ ) 8
+ VPN's L ; . +3 MPLS VPN K .`
.>Q0 * # BQ VPN's ?
# "

C
4) R" A '2
>0 * 3
3 ; 4
MPLS VPN .a
. L 4 >0 * 3

) !)3 ')
RH ?
# " '
. MPLS VPN .b
.*
B ' extranet
.
# A # % K IP # 0 >< MPLS VPN K
.
:(& ()
,
:(aa) % !" MPLS TE 0 >
192.168.1٥0.0
Fa/0/0
Fa6/0/0 snag 192.168.110.0
drag atm1/0/0 7206
7206 atm0/0/0 atm6/0
atm5/0
atm5/0 jaks
atm6/0 7507
192.168.1٠٢.0 qost2
192.168.1٢٠.0
qost1
MPLS TE ;7 (,,) &'
: ;D ,
:"
U
"1 MPLS !3 4$ MPLS TE > .O #$
MPLS TE
. > ' Cisco IOS 12.0(7) T
'4 >
H .?Q !" MPLS
RH >."
MPLS TE 5 :&
.MPLS >
H '
!" > $
drag(config)# mpls traffic-eng tunnels
drag(config)# interface FastEthernet0/0
drag(config-if)# mpls traffic-eng tunnels
١١٥
H) ')
.H)C !"
. ( RSVP .
– @/ H1; RSVP (. B9
.RSVP . ( ' 3
MPLS TE %
drag(config)# interface FastEthernet0/0
drag(config-if)# ip rsvp bandwidth 1000 1000
.MPLS TE ) IGP) OSPF >0^ :IGP H1; MPLS (& ()

) :&
)
MPLS TE ) % # BQ '
] / % g SPF

: % !" "area" 1+ ?Q" ID ' [ ^
drag(config)# router ospf 10
drag(config-router)# mpls traffic-eng router-id Loopback0
drag(config-router)# mpls traffic-eng area 10
. ;N TC HC / IH Loopback >0
gv
_L% a'LZ : :& .LSP's (& L& E$) A -/4 a'Z X –-/4 ^'7 "
+) g
) ;

.B /
"4F
F / (.
.CF M4 $ RH !" ,.

B T4 ?
3 %g

(IGP
drag(config)# interface Tunnel2
drag(config-if)# ip unnumbered Loopback0
drag(config-if)#no ip directed-broadcast
drag(config-if)# tunnel destination 2.2.2.5
drag(config-if)# tunnel mode mpls traffic-eng
drag(config-if)# tunnel mpls traffic-eng autoroute announce
drag(config-if)# tunnel mpls traffic-eng priority 7 7
drag(config-if)# tunnel mpls traffic-eng bandwidth 100
drag(config-if)# tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 1 dynamic
:M8 2,
LSP ) %) ) ?
* 3 / 7 '4 / 7A @" #
v
) ) #H *)
* 2

0 ' 2 #v .LSP's * !" .
100 I )1 ). ( * 2 67^0 .

#H
1"
"
F #77^0
.kbps
.O, #1"

B #1 ' drag v – () (> A LFIB _;
.#1 3 2 drag ) LFIB E
drag#show tag-switching forwarding-table
26 1/51 2.2.2.2/32 0 AT5/0.100 point2point
Pop tag 2.2.2.2/32 0 Fa0/0 192.168.150.2
27 28 2.2.2.5/32 0 Fa0/0 192.168.150.2
1/87 2.2.2.5/32 0 AT5/0.100 point2point
١١٦
28 1/80 192.168.101.0/24 0 AT5/0.100 point2point
Pop tag 192.168.101.0/24 0 Fa0/0 192.168.150.2
29 29 192.168.110.0/24 0 Fa0/0 192.168.150.2
1/88 192.168.110.0/24 0 AT5/0.100 point2point
drag#show tag-switching forwarding-table

26 1/51 2.2.2.2/32 0 AT5/0.100 point2point
Pop tag 2.2.2.2/32 0 Fa0/0 192.168.150.2
27 Untagged[T] 2.2.2.5/32 0 Tu2 point2point
Untagged[T] 2.2.2.5/32 0 Tu25 point2point
28 1/80 192.168.101.0/24 0 AT5/0.100 point2point
Pop tag 192.168.101.0/24 0 Fa0/0 192.168.150.2
29 Untagged[T] 192.168.110.0/24 0 Tu2 point2point
)) 7)C % #"g

B #2 O, L %3 <O
/1 # B<$
.
1C LSPs
:(& ()
5 _;
drag#show mpls traffic-eng tunnels brief

Signalling Summary:
LSP Tunnels Process: running
RSVP Process: running
Forwarding: enabled
Periodic reoptimization: every 3600 seconds, next in 2139 seconds
TUNNEL NAME DESTINATION STATUS STATE
drag_t2 2.2.2.5 up up
drag_t2 5 2.2.2.5 up up
drag_t2 225 2.2.2.5 up up
Displayed 3 (of 3) heads, 0 (of 0) midpoints, 0 (of 0) tails
.

B 1 BA O, #1 8 ( B<g
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drag#show mpls traffic-eng topology brief
My_System_id: 2.2.2.4, Globl Link Generation 156
IGP Id: 2.2.2.2, MPLS TE Id:2.2.2.2 Router Node
link[0 ]:Intf Address: 192.168.102.1 Generation 125
Nbr IGP Id: 2.2.2.4, Nbr Intf Address:192.168.102.2
١١٧
IGP Id: 192.168.150.1, Network Node
Nbr IGP Id: 2.2.2.4,
Nbr IGP Id: 2.2.2.2
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. 0 G 0 1"
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jake#show ip explicit-paths
PATH 1 (strict source route, path complete, generation 4)
1: next-address 2.2.2.5
2: next-address 2.2.2.4
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Table A-1. MPLS Commands

Tag-Switching
MPLS Command Command Description
ip cef ip cef Enables Cisco Express Forwarding. (Global
mode)
ip cef distributed ip cef distributed Enables Distributed Cisco Express
Forwarding for modules that support
distributed processing, such as the Versatile
Interface Processor (VIP). (Global mode)
clear mpls traffic- No equivalent tag- Reinitializes the automatic bandwidth
eng auto-bw switching adjustment feature on a platform. (Exec
timers command mode)
mpls atm control- tag-switching atm Configures the VPI and VCI to be used for
vc control-vc the initial link to the label-switching peer
device. (Interface mode)
mpls atm vpi tag-switching atm Configures the range of values to be used in
vpi the VPI field for label VCs (LVCs).
(Interface mode)
mpls ip (global tag-switching ip Enables MPLS forwarding of IPv4 packets
configuration) (global along normally routed paths for the
configuration) platform. (Global mode)
mpls ip (interface tag-switching ip Enables MPLS forwarding of IPv4 packets
configuration) (interface along normally routed paths for a particular
configuration) interface. (Interface mode)
mpls ip default- tag-switching ip Enables the distribution of labels associated
route default-route with the IP default route. (Global mode)
mpls ip propagate- tag-switching ip Sets the time-to-live (TTL) value when an
ttl propagate-ttl IP packet is encapsulated in MPLS. (Exec
mode)
mpls ip ttl- No equivalent tag- Specifies how a packet with an expired TTL
expiration pop switching value is forwarded. Forwards packets using
command the global IP routing table or the original
label stack, determined by the number of
labels in the packet. (Privileged Exec mode)
١٣٣
Tag-Switching
mpls label No equivalent tag-
Specifies the default label distribution
protocol (global switching
protocol for the platform. (Global mode)
configuration) command
mpls label No equivalent tag- Specifies the label distribution protocol to
protocol (interface switching be used on a given interface. (Interface
configuration) command mode)
mpls label range tag-switching tag- Configures the range of local labels
range downstream available for use on packet interfaces.
(Global mode)
mpls ldp address- No equivalent tag- Specifies the advertisement of platform
message switching addresses to a label-controlled ATM (LC-
command ATM) LDP peer. (Interface mode)
mpls ldp tag-switching Controls the distribution of locally assigned
advertise-labels advertise-tags (incoming) labels via the Label Distribution
Protocol (LDP). (Global mode)
mpls ldp No equivalent tag- Causes the interpretation of the for prefix-
advertise-labels switching access-list parameter for mpls ldp advertise-
old-style command labels commands to be interpreted according
to the method used in earlier software
versions. (Global mode)
mpls ldp atm tag-switching atm Controls the mode used for handling label
control-mode allocation-mode binding requests on LC-ATM interfaces.
(Global mode)
mpls ldp atm vc- tag-switching atm Controls whether vc-merge (multipoint-to-
merge vc-merge point) capability is supported for unicast
label VCs. (Global mode)
mpls ldp backoff No equivalent tag-
Configures parameters for the LDP backoff
switching
mechanism. (Global mode)
command
mpls ldp tag-switching tdp Configures the interval between
discovery discovery transmission of consecutive LDP discovery
hello messages, or the hold time for a
discovered LDP neighbor, or the neighbors
from which requests for targeted hello
messages may be honored. (Global mode)
mpls ldp No equivalent tag- Specifies the transport address advertised in
discovery switching LDP Discovery Hello messages sent on an
transport-address command interface. (Interface mode)
١٣٤
Tag-Switching
mpls ldp explicit- No equivalent tag- Causes a router to advertise an Explicit Null
null switching label in situations where it would normally
command advertise an Implicit Null label. (Global
mode)
mpls ldp holdtime tag-switching tdp Changes the time for which an LDP session
holdtime is maintained in the absence of LDP
messages from the session peer. (Global
mode)
mpls ldp loop- No equivalent tag-
Enables the LDP optional loop-detection
detection switching
mechanism. (Global mode)
command
mpls ldp maxhops tag-switching atm Limits the number of hops permitted in an
maxhops LSP established by the downstream-on-
demand method of label distribution.
(Global mode)
mpls ldp neighbor No equivalent tag- Configures a password key for use with the
switching TCP Message Digest 5 (MD5) Signature
command Option for the session TCP connection with
the specified neighbor. (Global mode)
mpls ldp router-id No equivalent tag- Specifies a preferred interface for
switching determining the LDP router ID. (Global
command mode)
No equivalent tag-
mpls ldp targeted- Configures the use of LDP for "targeted"
switching
sessions sessions. (Global mode)
command
mpls mtu tag-switching mtu Sets the per-interface maximum
transmission unit (MTU) for labeled
packets. (Interface mode)
mpls traffic-eng No equivalent tag- Enables automatic bandwidth adjustment for
auto-bw timers switching a platform and starts output rate sampling
command for tunnels configured for automatic
bandwidth adjustment. (Global mode)
No equivalent tag-control- Configures the use of VSI on a particular
MPLS command protocol vsi master control port. (Interface mode)
No equivalent tag-switching atm Configures a router subinterface to create
MPLS command multi-vc one or more tag VCs over which packets of
different classes are sent. (ATM
subinterface submode)
١٣٥
Tag-Switching
No equivalent tag-switching atm Specifies an interface or a subinterface as a
MPLS command vp-tunnel VP tunnel. (Interface mode)
No equivalent tag-switching cos- Creates a class map that specifies how
MPLS command map classes map to label VCs when combined
with a prefix map. (Global mode)
No equivalent tag-switching Configures a router to use a specified CoS
MPLS command prefix-map map when a label destination prefix matches
the specified access list. (ATM subinterface
submode)
show mpls atm- show tag-
Displays specified entries from the ATM
ldp bindings switching atm-tdp
label-binding database. (Exec mode)
bindings
show mpls atm- show tag- Displays the ATM MPLS capabilities
ldp capability switching atm-tdp negotiated with LDP neighbors for LC-
capability ATM interfaces. (Exec mode)
show mpls show tag- Displays the contents of the MPLS label
forwarding-table switching forwarding information base (LFIB). (Exec
forwarding-table mode)
show mpls show tag- Displays information about one or more
interfaces switching interfaces that have been configured for
interfaces label switching. (Exec mode)
show mpls ip No equivalent tag-
Displays information about label bindings
binding switching
learned by LDP. (Exec mode)
command
show mpls label No equivalent tag-
Displays the range of local labels available
range switching
for use on packet interfaces. (Exec mode)
command
show mpls ldp No equivalent tag- Displays information about the configured
backoff switching session setup backoff parameters and any
command potential LDP peers with which session
setup attempts are being throttled.
(Privileged Exec mode)
show mpls ldp show tag- Displays the contents of the label
bindings switching tdp information base (LIB). (Privileged Exec
bindings mode)
show mpls ldp show tag- Displays the status of the LDP discovery
discovery switching tdp process or a list of interfaces over which the
discovery LDP discovery is running. (Privileged Exec
١٣٦
Tag-Switching
mode)
show mpls ldp show tag- Displays the status of Label Distribution
neighbor switching tdp Protocol (LDP) sessions. (Privileged Exec
neighbor mode)
show mpls ldp show tag- Displays the available LDP (TDP)
parameters switching tdp parameters. (Exec mode)
parameters
No equivalent show tag- Displays information about the
MPLS command switching tsp- configuration and status of selected tunnels.
tunnels (Privileged Exec mode)
No equivalent show xtagatm Displays information about the LSC's view
MPLS command cross-connect of the cross-connect table on the remotely
controlled ATM switch. (Exec mode)
No equivalent show xtagatm vc Displays information about terminating VCs
MPLS command on extended label ATM (XTagATM)
interfaces. (Exec mode)
debug mpls debug tag-
Displays changes to label-switching entries
adjacency switching
in the adjacency database. (Exec mode)
adjacency
debug mpls atm- debug tag- Displays information about the VCI
ldp api switching atm-tdp allocation of label VCs, label-free requests,
api and cross-connect requests. (Exec mode)
debug mpls atm- debug tag- Displays information about the state of the
ldp routes switching atm-tdp routes for which VCI requests are being
routes made. (Exec mode)
debug mpls atm- debug tag-
Displays information about LVC state
ldp states switching atm-tdp
transitions as they occur. (Exec mode)
states
debug mpls events debug tag- Displays information about significant
switching events MPLS events. (Privileged Exec mode)
debug mpls ldp debug tag- Displays information about the
advertisements switching tdp advertisement of labels and interface
advertisements addresses to LDP peers. (Privileged Exec
mode)
debug mpls ldp debug tag- Displays information about addresses and
bindings switching tdp label bindings learned from LDP peers by
bindings means of LDP Downstream Unsolicited
label distribution. (Privileged Exec mode)
١٣٧
Tag-Switching
debug mpls ldp debug tag- Displays information about the target
targeted-neighbors switching tdp neighbor mechanism. (Privileged Exec
directed-neighbors mode)
debug mpls ldp debug tag-
Displays information about state transitions
peer state-machine switching tdp peer
for LDP sessions. (Privileged Exec mode)
state-machine
debug mpls ldp debug tag- Displays information about LDP messages
messages switching tdp pies sent to or received from LDP peers.
sent (Privileged Exec mode)
debug mpls ldp debug tag- Displays the contents of LDP messages sent
session io switching tdp pies to and received from LDP peers. (Privileged
received Exec mode)
debug mpls ldp debug tag- Displays information about state transitions
session state- switching tdp for LDP sessions. (Privileged Exec mode)
machine session state-
machine
debug mpls ldp debug tag- Displays information about the TCP
transport switching tdp connections used to support LDP sessions.
connections transport (Privileged Exec mode)
connections
debug mpls ldp debug tag- Displays information about events related to
transport events switching tdp the LDP peer discovery mechanism.
transport events (Privileged Exec mode)
debug mpls lfib debug tag- Displays detailed information about label
cef switching tfib cef rewrites being created, resolved, and
deactivated as CEF routes are added,
changed, or removed. (Privileged Exec
mode)
enc switching tfib enc encapsulations while label rewrites are
created or updated and placed into the label
forwarding information base (LFIB).
lsp switching tfib tsp rewrites being created and deleted as TSP
tunnels are added or removed. (Privileged
Exec mode)
debug mpls lfib debug tag- Traces what happens when label switching
state switching tfib state is enabled or disabled. (Privileged Exec
١٣٨
Tag-Switching
mode)
debug mpls lfib debug tag- Traces the allocation and freeing of LFIB-
struct switching tfib related data structures, such as the LFIB
struct itself, label rewrites, and label-info data.
debug mpls debug tag- Displays labeled packets switched by the
packets switching packets host router. (Privileged Exec mode)
# )BQ !" MPLS VPN's $ >0^ * MPLS VPN (A-2) B<g
.>

Table A-2. MPLS VPN Commands

MPLS VPN
Description
Command
address-family Enters the address family submode for configuring routing
protocols such as BGP, RIP, and static routing. (Router
mode)
address-family ipv4 Configures sessions that carry standard IPv4 address
[unicast] prefixes. (Router mode)
address-family ipv4 Specifies the name of a VPN routing/forwarding instance
[unicast] vrf vrf_name (VRF) to associate with submode commands. (Router mode)
address-family Configures sessions that carry customer VPN-IPv4 prefixes,
vpnv4[unicast] each of which has been made globally unique by the addition
of an 8-byte route distinguisher. (Router mode)
clear ip route vrf Removes routes from the VRF routing table. (Exec mode)
exit-address-family Exits the address family submode. (Address-Family mode)
import map Configures an import route map for a VRF. (VRF mode)
ip route vrf Establishes static routes for a VRF. (Global mode)
ip vrf Configures a VRF routing table. (Global mode)
ip vrf forwarding Associates a VRF with an interface or subinterface.
(Interface mode)
neighbor activate Enables the exchange of information with a neighboring BGP
router. (Address-Family mode)
rd Creates routing and forwarding tables for a VRF. (VRF
١٣٩
Table A-2. MPLS VPN Commands
MPLS VPN
Description
Command
mode)
route-target Creates a route-target extended community for a VRF. (VRF
mode)
show ip bgp vpnv4 Displays VPN address information from the BGP table.
(Exec mode)
show ip cef vrf Displays the CEF forwarding table associated with a VRF.
(Exec mode)
show ip protocols vrf Displays the routing protocol information associated with a
VRF. (Exec mode)
show ip route vrf Displays the IP routing table associated with a VRF. (Exec
mode)
show ip vrf Displays the set of defined VRFs and associated interfaces.
(Exec mode)
show tag-switching Displays label forwarding entries and information for
forwarding vrf advertised VRF routes associated with a particular VRF or IP
prefix. (Exec mode)
debug ip bgp Displays information related to processing BGPs. (Exec
mode)

) # BQ !" MPLS TE $ 0 MPLS (A-3) B<g
.>
Table A-3. MPLS Traffic Engineering Commands

MPLS Traffic
Engineering Command Description
append-after Inserts a path entry after a specific index number. (IP-
Explicit-Path mode)
index Inserts or modifies a path entry at a specific index. (IP-
Explicit-Path mode)
ip explicit-path Enters the subcommand mode for IP explicit paths to
create or modify named paths. (Global mode)
list Shows all or part of the explicit path or paths. (IP-
Explicit-Path mode)
metric-style narrow Configures a router to generate and accept old-style
TLVs. (Router mode)
١٤٠
MPLS Traffic
metric-style transition Configures a router to generate and accept both old-
style and new-style TLVs. (Router mode)
metric-style wide Configures a router to generate and accept only new-
style TLVs. (Router mode)
mpls traffic-eng Turns on the flooding of MPLS traffic engineering link
information into the indicated IS-IS level. (Router
mode)
mpls traffic-eng area Turns on MPLS traffic engineering for the indicated IS-
IS level. (Router mode)
mpls traffic-eng Overrides a link's IGP administrative weight (cost).
administrative-weight (Interface mode)
mpls traffic-eng attribute- Sets the user-specified attribute flags for the interface.
flags (Interface mode)
mpls traffic-eng flooding Sets a link's reserved bandwidth thresholds. (Interface
thresholds mode)
mpls traffic-eng link timers Sets the length of time that bandwidth is "held" for an
bandwidth-hold RSVP Path message while waiting for the
corresponding RSVP Resv message to come back.
(Global mode)
mpls traffic-eng link timers Sets the length of the interval used for periodic flooding.
periodic-flooding (Global mode)
mpls traffic-eng logging lsp Logs certain traffic engineering label-switched path
(LSP) events. (Router mode)
mpls traffic-eng logging Logs certain traffic engineering tunnel events. (Router
tunnel mode)
mpls traffic-eng reoptimize Forces immediate reoptimization of all traffic
engineering tunnels. (Exec mode)
mpls traffic-eng reoptimize Turns on automatic reoptimization of MPLS traffic
events engineering when certain events occur, such as when an
interface becomes operational. (Router mode)
mpls traffic-eng reoptimize Controls the frequency at which tunnels with
timers frequency established LSPs are checked for better LSPs. (Global
mode)
mpls traffic-eng router-id Specifies that the traffic engineering router identifier for
the node is the IP address associated with the given
interface. (Router mode)
١٤١
MPLS Traffic
Uses MPLS encoding for the implicit-null label in
mpls traffic-eng signaling
signaling messages sent to neighbors that match the
advertise implicit-null
specified access list. (Global mode)
mpls traffic-eng tunnels Enables MPLS traffic engineering tunnel signaling on a
device. (Global mode)
mpls traffic-eng tunnels Enables MPLS traffic engineering tunnel signaling on
an interface. (Interface mode)
next-address Specifies the next IP address in the explicit path. (IP-
Explicit-Path mode)
tunnel mpls traffic-eng Configures tunnel affinity (the properties the tunnel
affinity requires in its links) for an MPLS traffic-engineered
tunnel. (Interface mode)
tunnel mpls traffic-eng Configures a tunnel for automatic bandwidth adjustment
auto-bw and to control the manner in which the bandwidth for a
tunnel is adjusted. (Interface mode)
tunnel mpls traffic-eng Instructs the IGP to use the tunnel in its SPF/next-hop
autoroute announce calculation (if the tunnel is up). (Interface mode)
tunnel mpls traffic-eng Specifies the MPLS traffic engineering tunnel metric
autoroute metric used by an IGP autoroute metric. (Interface mode)
tunnel mpls traffic-eng Configures bandwidth required for an MPLS traffic
bandwidth engineering tunnel. (Interface mode)
tunnel mpls traffic-eng Configures a traffic engineering path option. (Interface
path-option mode)
tunnel mpls traffic-eng Configures the setup and reservation priority for a
priority traffic-engineered tunnel. (Interface mode)
tunnel mode mpls traffic- Sets the mode of a tunnel to MPLS for traffic
eng engineering. (Interface mode)
show ip explicit-paths Displays the IP explicit paths. An IP explicit path is a
list of IP addresses, each representing a node or link in
the explicit path. (Exec mode)
show ip ospf database Displays lists of information related to traffic
opaque-area engineering opaque link-state advertisements (LSAs),
also known as Type-10 opaque link area link states.
(Exec mode)
show ip ospf mpls traffic- Displays information about the links available on the
eng local router for traffic engineering. (Exec mode)
١٤٢
MPLS Traffic
show ip rsvp host Displays RSVP terminal point information for receivers
or senders. (Exec mode)
show isis database verbose Displays information about the IS-IS database. (Exec
mode)
show isis mpls traffic-eng Displays a log of 20 entries of MPLS traffic engineering
adjacency-log IS-IS adjacency changes. (Exec mode)
show isis mpls traffic-eng Displays the last flooded record from MPLS traffic
advertisements engineering. (Exec mode)
show isis mpls traffic-eng Displays information about tunnels considered in IS-IS
tunnel next-hop calculation. (Exec mode)
show mpls traffic-eng Displays tunnels that are announced to IGP, including
autoroute interface, destination, and bandwidth. (Exec mode)
show mpls traffic-eng link- Displays which tunnels have been admitted locally, and
management admission- their parameters (such as priority, bandwidth, incoming
control and outgoing interface, and state). (Exec mode)
show mpls traffic-eng link- Displays local link information currently being flooded
management by MPLS traffic engineering link management into the
advertisements global traffic engineering topology. (Exec mode)
show mpls traffic-eng link- Displays current local link information. (Exec mode)
management bandwidth-
allocation
show mpls traffic-eng link- Displays IGP neighbors. (Exec mode)
management igp-neighbors
show mpls traffic-eng link- Shows per-interface resource and configuration
management interfaces information. (Exec mode)
show mpls traffic-eng link- Displays a summary of the link management
management summary information. (Exec mode)
show mpls traffic-eng Displays the MPLS traffic engineering global topology
topology as currently known at this node. (Exec mode)
show mpls traffic-eng Displays the properties of the best available path to a
topology path specified destination that satisfies certain constraints.
(Exec mode)
show mpls traffic-eng Displays information about traffic engineering tunnels.
tunnel (Exec mode)
show mpls traffic-eng Displays summary information about traffic engineering
tunnel summary tunnels. (Exec mode)
١٤٣
MPLS Traffic
debug ip ospf mpls traffic- Displays information about traffic engineering
eng advertisements advertisements in OSPF LSA messages. (Exec mode)
debug isis mpls traffic-eng Displays information about traffic engineering
advertisements advertisements in ISIS LSA messages. (Exec mode)
debug isis mpls traffic-eng Displays information about traffic engineering-related
events ISIS events. (Exec mode)
debug mpls traffic-eng Displays information about traffic engineering area
areas configuration change events. (Exec mode)
debug mpls traffic-eng Displays information about automatic routing over
autoroute traffic engineering tunnels. (Exec mode)
debug mpls traffic-eng Displays information about traffic engineering LSP
link-management admission control on traffic engineering interfaces.
admission-control (Exec mode)
debug mpls traffic-eng Displays information about resource advertisements for
link-management traffic engineering interfaces. (Exec mode)
advertisements
debug mpls traffic-eng Displays detailed information about bandwidth
link-management allocation for traffic engineering LSPs. (Exec mode)
bandwidth-allocation
debug mpls traffic-eng Displays information about errors encountered during
link-management errors any traffic engineering link management procedure.
(Exec mode)
debug mpls traffic-eng Displays information about traffic engineering link
link-management events management system events. (Exec mode)
debug mpls traffic-eng Displays information about changes to the link
link-management igp- management database of IGP neighbors. (Exec mode)
neighbors
link-management links management interface events. (Exec mode)
debug mpls traffic-eng Displays information about traffic engineering LSP
link-management preemption. (Exec mode)
preemption
link-management routing management routing resolutions that can be performed
to help RSVP interpret explicit route objects. (Exec
mode)
debug mpls traffic-eng Displays information about unequal-cost load balancing
١٤٤
MPLS Traffic
load-balancing over traffic engineering tunnels. (Exec mode)
debug mpls traffic-eng path Displays information about traffic engineering path
calculation. (Exec mode)
debug mpls traffic-eng Displays information about traffic engineering topology
topology change change events. (Exec mode)
debug mpls traffic-eng Displays information about traffic engineering topology
topology lsa LSA events. (Exec mode)
debug mpls traffic-eng Displays information about errors encountered during
tunnels errors any traffic engineering tunnel management procedure.
(Exec mode)
debug mpls traffic-eng Displays information about traffic engineering tunnel
tunnels events management system events. (Exec mode)
debug mpls traffic-eng Displays information about MPLS label management
tunnels labels for traffic engineering tunnels. (Exec mode)
tunnels reoptimize reoptimizations. (Exec mode)
tunnels signalling signaling operations. (Exec mode)
debug mpls traffic-eng Displays information about state maintenance for traffic
tunnels state engineering tunnels. (Exec mode)
tunnels timers timer management. (Exec mode)

) # BQ !" MPLS QoS $ 0g /MPLS 0 * (A-4) B<g
.>
Table A-4. MPLS Modular QoS CLI (MQC) Commands

MPLS QoS
Description
Command
access-list rate- Configures an access list for use with committed access rate (CAR)
limit policies. (Global mode)
bandwidth Specifies a minimum bandwidth guarantee to a traffic class. A
minimum bandwidth guarantee can be specified in kilobits per
second or by a percentage of the overall available bandwidth.
(Policy map class submode)
١٤٥
MPLS QoS
Description
Command
class Specifies the name of the class whose policy you want to create, to
change, or to specify the default class before its policy is
configured. (Policy map mode)
class-map Creates a class map to be used for matching packets to the class
whose name you specify. (Global mode)
default Sets a command to its default value. (Policy map class submode)
fair-queue Specifies the number of queues to be reserved for the class. (Policy
map class submode)
match access- Configures the match criteria for a class map based on the specified
group access-control list (ACL) number. (Class-map mode)
match any Configures the match criteria for a class map to be successful
match criteria for all packets. (Class-map mode)
match class-map Uses a traffic class as a classification policy. (Class-map mode)
match cos Matches a packet based on a Layer 2 IEEE 802.1Q/ISL class of
service marking. (Class-map mode)
match Uses the destination MAC address as a match criterion in class-
destination- map configuration mode. (Class-map mode)
address mac
match input- Configures a class map to use the specified input interface as a
interface match criterion. (Class-map mode)
match ip dscp Identifies a specific IP differentiated service code point (DSCP)
value as a match criterion. (Class-map mode)
match ip Identifies IP precedence values as the match criteria. (Class-map
precedence mode)
match ip rtp Configures a class map to use the Real-Time Protocol (RTP)
protocol port as the match criteria. (Class-map mode)
match mpls Configures a class map to use the specified value of the EXP field
experimental as a match criterion. (Class-map mode)
match not Specifies the single match criterion value to use as an unsuccessful
match criterion in class-map configuration mode. (Class-map
mode)
match protocol Configures the match criteria for a class map based on the specified
protocol. (Class-map mode)
match qos- Identifies a specific QoS group value as a match criterion. (Class-
group map mode)
١٤٦
MPLS QoS
Description
Command
match source- Uses the source MAC address as a match criterion in class map
address mac configuration mode. (Class-map mode)
police Specifies a maximum bandwidth usage by a traffic class through
the use of a token bucket algorithm. This command is used to
police and apply various actions on input traffic. (Policy map class
submode)
policy-map Creates or modifies a policy map that can be attached to one or
more interfaces to specify a service policy. (Global mode)
priority Specifies the guaranteed allowed bandwidth (in kbps or percentage)
for priority traffic. The optional bytes argument controls the size of
the burst allowed to pass through the system without being
considered in excess of the configured kbps rate. (Policy map class
submode)
queue-limit Specifies the maximum number of packets queued for a traffic
class (in the absence of the random-detect command). (Policy map
class submode)
random-detect Enables a weighted random early detection (WRED) drop policy
for a traffic class that has a bandwidth guarantee. (Policy map class
submode)
rate-limit Configures CAR and DCAR policies. (Interface mode)
service-policy Attaches a policy map to an input interface, output interface, or
virtual circuit to be used as the service policy for that interface.
(Global mode)
random-detect Enables a WRED drop policy for a traffic class that has a
bandwidth guarantee. (Policy map class submode)
set atm-clp Sets the ATM cell loss priority bit. (Policy map class submode)
set cos Specifies a CoS value or values to associate with the outgoing
packet. The number is in the range 0 to 7. (Policy map class
submode)
set ip dscp Specifies the IP DSCP of packets within a traffic class. The IP
DSCP value can be any value between 0 and 63. (Policy map class
submode)
set ip Specifies the IP precedence of packets within a traffic class. The IP
precedence precedence value can be any value between 0 and 7. (Policy map
class submode)
set mpls Configures a policy to set the MPLS experimental field within the
experimental modular QoS CLI. (Policy map class submode)
١٤٧
MPLS QoS
Description
Command
show policy Displays the configuration of all classes comprising the specified
service policy map or all classes for all existing policy maps.
(Global mode)
show policy- Displays the configuration of the specified class of the specified
map class policy map. (Global mode)
show policy- Displays the configuration of all classes configured for all service
map interface policies on the specified interface. (Global mode)
١٤٨
‫ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ )‪(Glossary‬‬
‫‪١٤٩‬‬
١٥٠
(Glossary) ‫ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
AAL: ATM Adaptation Layer ATM N 1+

ABS: Automatic Protection Switching

F

ARIS: Aggregate Route-based IP Switching " ?
!" " IP

ARP: Address Resolution Protocol 2
AS: Autonomous System 1 > <
ASIC: Application Specific Integrated Circuit 8
+ *
" *
ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode .O 1 > <
AToM: Any Transport over MPLS MPLS 8 1+
1
BFD: Bidirectional Forwarding Detection G. $ - %
BGP: Border Gateway Protocol

CAR: Committed Access Rate >." H C
CE: Customer Edge . ?
CEF: Cisco Express Forwarding '
Cisco $
CIDR: Classless InterDomain Routing 1+O "0 ?

CLIP: Classical IP
O # A
CoS: Class of Service 0 -7
CR-LDP: Constraint Routed Label ?
> '
.
Distribution Protocol
CSR: Cell Switching Router
"0
?[
DS: Differentiated Service 4 C 0
DWDM: Dense Wavelength Division -
, + >
1 G.
Multiplexing
EGP: Exterior Gateway Protocol
0
FEC: Forwarding Equivalence Class x $ -7
FIB: Forwarding Information Base > # " * 2
FR: Frame Relay +F

FRR: Fast Reroute '
?
* 3
FRR: Fast Reroute '
?
* 3
FRTS: Frame Relay Traffic Shaping +F

,
GMPLS: Generalized MPLS > #A >

GRE: Generic Routing Encapsulation > ?
-
"P
GSMP: Generic Switch Management Protocol >
* 3
HDLC: High-Level Data Link Control E #
+ + >
١٥١
IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force # A # B E2
IFMP: Ipsilon's Flow Management Protocol Ipsilon 8 * 3
IGP: Internal Gateway Protocol
"0
IPOA: IP Protocol Over ATM .O 1 > < 8 # A
IPv6: Internet Protocol version6 # A 0
IPX: Internetwork Packet Exchange
% #
>.
IS-IS: Intermediate System to Intermediate + > < !3 + > <
System
ISP: Internet Server Provide # A 0 .
LANE: LAN Emulation
" % *
LDP: Label Distribution Protocol > '
.
LEC: LAN Emulation Client
" % * .
LER: Label Edge Router > ?[
LFIB: Label Forwarding Information Base > 3 # " * 2
LIS: Logical Internet Protocol Subnet 1+ # A 03 & 2
LMP: Ling Management Protocol "7 * 3
LSP: Label Switching Path >

LSR: Label Switching Router >
?[
MBGP: MultiProtocol BGP #A BGP
MP£S: Multi Protocol Lambda Switching #A N4

MPC: MPOA Client MPOA .
MPLS TE: Multi Protocol Label Switching MPLS
Traffic Engineering
MPLS: Multi Protocol Label Switching #A >

MPLS-VPN 7 0
4 A MPLS %
MPOA: Multi-Protocol Over ATM .O 1 > < 8
MPS: MPOA Server MPOA >0
MPS: MultiProtocol Server #A >[0
NAT: Network Address Translation %

NGN: Next Generation Network's > 1
# %
NHRP: Next Hub Resolution Protocol
*.C1
NLRI: Network Layer Reachability % 1+ !3 7 # "
INFORMATIO
NNHop: Next Next Hop
"
*.C1
OAM: MPLS Operation and Maintenance MPLS
7
P%
OPVN: Optical Virtual Private Network 7 0
4 A
N4 # %
١٥٢
OSC: Optical Cross Channels 7
N4 #1
OSI: Open System Internetwork TC 7 > <
OSPF: Open First Path First A
; 72F TC
P: Provider . ?[
PACH: Pseudo wire Associated Channel
4 A "7 + * 1

Header
PE: Provider Edge [. ?[
PHB: Per Hop Behavior *.C2 - 7
PLR: Point of Local Repair " TO7$ *1
PNNI: Private Network to Network Interface % HC !3 7 0 %
PoS: Packet over SONET SONET 8 .
PPP: Point-to-Point Protocol +1 !3 +1
PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network - B
%
PVC: Permanent Virtual Circuit 2K
4 A *
PXC: Photonic Cross Connects 7
C #O7
QoS: Quality of Service 0 *
RD: Route Distinguisher ?
.[

RIP: Routing Information Protocol ?
# "
ROLC: Routing Over Large Cloud's 04 8 ?

RRR: Routing with Resource Reservation 7 . ' ?

RSVP: Resource Reservation Setup Protocol 7 . 3
RSVP-TE: Resource Reservation Resource .) )3 ) '
Reservation Setup Protocol
7
SIN: Ship's-In-the Night
" C
SITA: Switching IP through ATM ATM # A

STII: Internet Stream Protocol Version II
, 0 # A 8
SVC: Switching Virtual Circuit
4 A
*
TDM: Time Division Multiplexing . >
1 G.
TDP: Tag Distribution Protocol O '
.
TE: Traffic Engineering
UBR: Unspecified Bit Rate
Y #

VC: Virtual Circuit
4 A *
VCI: Virtual Circuit Identifier 4 A
"0 -[
VoIP: Voice over IP # A #7
VPI: Virtual Path Identifier 4 A -[
١٥٣
VPLS: Virtual Private LAN Services M % # 0
7 0
4 A

VPN: Virtual Private Network 7 0
4 A %
VPN: Virtual Private Network 7 0
4 A %
VRF: Virtual Routing Forwarding 4 A ?
3
VRF: VPN Routing/Forwarding 7 0
4 A % ?
/ 3
WRED: Weighted Random Early Detection M[ N% - % A
. 0
١٥٤
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫)‪(References‬‬
‫‪١٥٥‬‬
١٥٦
(References) ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
1- YAN. K- Network Protocol, Javvin Technologies, USA, 2005, 342p.

2- AHMAD.S.A, DANDA.D & JAFAR.M.- Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS),
Tishreen University Journal of Studies and Scientific Research of Engineer
Sciences, Syria, VOL.28, NO.1, 2006, pp.179-198.
3- ARMITAGE.G- Qality of Service in IP Network, New Riders Publishing,
USA,2000 ,336p.
٤- DRAGOS.R, DRAGOS.S & COLLIER.M. - Design and implementation of an
MPLS based load balancing architecture for Web switching, School of Electronic
Engineering – DCU - Germany, 2002, 9p.
٥- ALWAYN.V- Advanced MPLS Design and Implementation, Cisco Press, USA,
2001, 496p.
٦- WELZL.M- Network Congestion Control -Managing Internet Traffic, John Wiley
& Sons Ltd, England, 2005, 263p.
7- RYAN.J- Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), The Applied Technologies
Group, 1998, 47p
8- GRAY.E.W- MPLS: Implementing The Technology, Addison-Wesely, USA,
March 2001, 191p.
9- LAUBACH.M- Classical IP and ARP over ATM, IETF 2225 RFC, Apr 1998, 28p.
10- HOLNESS.M.F- Congestion Control Mechanisms within MPLS Networks,
Department of Electronic Engineering –University of London, United Kingdom,
2000, 206p.
11- DUMORTIER.P- Toward a New IP over ATM Routing Paradigm, IEEE
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‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ )‪(MPLS‬‬

‫ ‬ ‫ ‬

‫ﺃﲪﺪ ﺻﻘﺮ ﺃﲪﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺓ‬

‫  

‫ '& ‪*2  345 *+ ,- *+ .

‫‪.  !" = 17 $ *2  / 345 8*>?  @.‬‬

‫*ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﻷﻥ ﺃﻛﻮﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬

‫* ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺎﱄ ﻭﲢﻤﻞ ﻋﺐء ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻌﻲ‬

‫*ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‪...‬ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﺭﻛﻮﻧﻲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬

, (MPOA) ATM -  % &   ,

NHRP ( #./ &   ",

 CSR (1   0!  ,,

 34 5 ARIS Tag Switching ,

 ‫ ﻭﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬MPLS ‫ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

 (Traffic Engineering) TE (& () 

 (Quality of Service) (  # ! 

" ATM IP & "

" &   : &' 3  1 ,

2 #   (; (&' (  ) 2

= MPLS # < "

"  B9  )  ( 

"" (LSR) )    0!  

"" (LER) A! )  0!  "

", (LSP) )    ) ,

", (FEC) C& )D E$ 2

", )  F & 

"2 )  B.  =

" (Tunneling) MPLS A (/ 

2 # % ( 

2 ) ( 9

‫ ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬MPLS ‫ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬

 !) ",

" M8 ,

2 !) ,

‫ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﱰﺣﺎﺕ‬MPLS ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬

 #  #& 2

 GMPLS 2

 OAM  &   "2

" (MPLS Labeled Multicast) MPLSL %  ,2

, MPLS ' 2

‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ )‪(Reference's‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ MPLS‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫  

 4 K ,

    

) BGP MPLS VPN # %  B :

: (&' A B5  

:  !  

.[`] % 1+ ?

:#$% &'   "

:()  ,

CLIP A A1  LIS !  () &'

:(LAN Emulation) LAN #& ,

.MPS's  MPCX's  7)     "+ #A    - 

RH .OSPF ,

:(Next Hop Resolution Protocol) NHRP ( #./ &   ",

NHRP &   (") &'

Hub and ) >

(HUB and Spoke) (&' $ (2) &'

:(Cell Switching Router) CSR (1   0!  ,,

 % / B 3  >0  VPI/VCI  G 0$ HC ' "1  ATM

‫ ‬ ‫ ‬

‫

‫ '& ‪2 345 + ,- *+ .

‫‪. !" = 17 $ 2 / 345 8>? @.‬‬

, (MPOA) ATM - % & ,

NHRP ( #./ & ",

CSR (1 0! ,,

34 5 ARIS Tag Switching ,

‫ ﻭﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬MPLS ‫ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

(Traffic Engineering) TE (& ()

(Quality of Service) ( # !

" ATM IP & "

" & : &' 3 1 ,

2 # (; (&' ( ) 2

= MPLS #< "

" B9 ) (

"" (LSR) ) 0!

"" (LER) A! ) 0! "

", (LSP) ) ) ,

", (FEC) C& )D E$ 2

", ) F &

"2 ) B. =

" (Tunneling) MPLS A (/

2 # % (

2 ) ( 9

!) ",

" M8 ,

2 !) ,

# #& 2

GMPLS 2

OAM & "2

" (MPLS Labeled Multicast) MPLSL % ,2

, MPLS ' 2

‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ )‪(Reference's‬‬

‫

4 K ,

) BGP MPLS VPN # % B :

: (&' A B5

: !

.[`] % 1+ ?

:#$% &' "

:() ,

CLIP A A1 LIS ! () &'

:(LAN Emulation) LAN #& ,

.MPS's MPCX's 7) "+ #A -

RH .OSPF ,

:(Next Hop Resolution Protocol) NHRP ( #./ & ",

NHRP & (") &'

(HUB and Spoke) (&' $ (2) &'

:(Cell Switching Router) CSR (1 0! ,,

% / B 3 >0 VPI/VCI G 0$ HC ' "1 ATM

Cell Switching Router ; () &'

:Ipsilon's IP :1)7 2,

#) 2 .)2F !"

IPSILON IP - (=) &'

:34 5 ARIS Tag Switching ,

Tag switching (&' () &'

) 3 3 * #

ARIS (&' ! A ( ) ;7 () &'

. 6 1 !

C ?Q

!" ; U > < L

6 1 ! :; < () &'

: ! )7

MPLS (&' A! () &'

) ) 0 U.

:VPN ($ (9 &'

!)" ) ) ) % . * 2 !" .#1

MPLS-VPN (&' ( (3) &'

# A H0F 72F 8

:(Quality of Service) ( # !

)"+ ) -

:ATM IP & "

:(BGP- Free Cores) BGP & : &' 3 1 ,

BGP & : ( MPLS (&' (") &'

:# (; (&' ( ) 2

* $ #7 ' #

: ( MPLS ,

:MPLS 2

)73 ) AToM