2011 Census of India

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The 12 th Indian Census was conducted in two phases, house listing and population enumeration. House
listing phase began on 1 April 2010 and involved collection of information about all buildings. Information
15th Census
for National Population Register was also collected in the first phase, which will be used to issue a 12-digit of India
unique identification number to all registered Indian residents by Unique Identification Authority of General information
India(UIDAI). The second population enumeration phase was conducted between 9 and 28 February 2011. Country India
Census has been conducted in India since 1872 and 2011 marks the first time biometric information was
Date taken 2010-2011
collected. According to the provisional reports released on 31 March 2011, the Indian population increased to
121 crore with a decadal growth of 17.64%.[2] Adult literacy rate increased to 74.04% with a decadal growth Total population 1,210,193,422
of 9.21%. The motto of census 2011 was 'Our Census, Our future'. Percent change 17.70%[1]
Spread across 29 states and 7 union territories, the census covered 640 districts, 5,767 tehsils, 7,933 towns and Most populous state Uttar Pradesh (199,812,341)
more than 6 lakh villages. A total of 27 lakh officials visited households in 7,933 towns and 6 lakh villages, Least populous state Sikkim (610,577)
classifying the population according to gender, religion, education and occupation.[3] The cost of the exercise
was approximately ₹2,200 crore (US$340 million)[4] – this comes to less than $0.50 per person, well below the estimated world average of $4.60 per person.[3]
Conducted every 10 years, this census faced big challenges considering India's vast area and diversity of cultures and opposition from the manpower involved.

Information on castes was included in the census following demands from several ruling coalition leaders including Lalu Prasad Yadav, Sharad Yadav and SP
suprimo Mulayam Singh Yadav supported by opposition parties Bharatiya Janata Party, Akali Dal, Shiv Sena and Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.[5]
Information on caste was last collected during the British Raj in 1931. During the early census, people often exaggerated their caste status to garner social status
and it is expected that people downgrade it now in the expectation of gaining government benefits.[6] Earlier, there was speculation of conduction caste-based
census in 2011, first time after 80 years since 1931, to find the exact population of Other Backward Class (OBCs) in India,[7][8][9][10] which was later accepted
and Socio-Economic Caste Census 2011 was conducted whose first findings were revealed on 3 July 2015 by Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley.[11] Mandal
Commission report of 1980 quoted OBC population at 52%, though National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) survey of 2006 quoted OBC population at
41%[12]

There is only one instance of a caste-count in post-independence India. It was conducted in Kerala in 1968 by the Communist government under E M S
Namboodiripad to assess the social and economic backwardness of various lower castes. The census was termed Socio-Economic Survey of 1968 and the results
were published in the Gazetteer of Kerala, 1971.[13]

Contents
1 Census
2 Information
2.1 House-listings
2.2 Population enumeration
2.3 National Population Register
3 Census report
4 Population
5 Religious demographics
6 Literacy
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links

Census
C Chandramauli was the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India for the 2011 Indian Census. Census data was collected in 16 languages and the
training manual was prepared in 18 languages. In 2011, India and Bangladesh also conducted their first-ever joint census of areas along their border.[14][15] The
census was conducted in two phases. The first, the house-listing phase, began on 1 April 2010 and involved collection of data about all the buildings and census
houses.[16] Information for the National Population Register was also collected in the first phase. The second, the population enumeration phase, was conducted
from 9 – 28 February 2011 all over the country. The eradication of epidemics, the availability of more effective medicines for the treatment of various types of
diseases and the improvement in the standard of living were the main reasons for the high decadal growth of population in India.

Information
House-listings

The House-listing schedule contained 35 questions.[17]

Building number Ownership status of the house Availability of kitchen

Census house number Number of dwelling rooms Fuel used for cooking
Predominant material of floor, wall and roof of the census house Number of married couple the household Radio/Transistor
Ascertain use of actual house Main source of drinking water Television
Condition of the census house Availability of drinking water source Computer/Laptop
Household number Main source of lighting Telephone/Mobile phone
Total number of persons in the household Latrine within the premises Bicycle
Name of the head of the household Type of latrine facility Scooter/Motor cycle/Moped
Sex of the head Waste water outlet connection Car/Jeep/Van
Caste status (SC or ST or others) Bathing facility within the premises Availing Banking services.

Population enumeration
The Population enumeration schedule contained 30 questions.[18][19]
The Population enumeration schedule contained 30 questions.[18][19]

Name of the person Other languages known

Seeking or available for work
Relationship to head Literacy status
Travel to place of work
Sex Status of attendance (Education)
Birthplace
Date of birth and age Highest educational level attained
Place of last residence
Current marital status Working any time during last year
Reason for migration
Age at marriage Category of economic activity
Duration of stay in the place of migration
Religion Occupation Nature of industry
Children surviving
Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe Trade or service
Children ever born
Disability Class of worker
Number of children born alive during last one year
Mother tongue Non economic activity

National Population Register

The National Population Register household schedule contained 9 questions.[20]

Name of the person and resident status

Name of the person as should appear in the population register
Relationship to head
gender
Date of birth
Marital status
Educational qualification
Occupation/Activity
Names of father, mother and spouse

Once the information was collected and digitised, fingerprints were taken and photos collected. Unique Identification Authority of India was to issue a 12-digit
identification number to all individuals and the first ID was to have been issued in 2011.[21][22][23]

Census report
Provisional data from the census was released on 31 March 2011 (and was updated
on 20 May 2013).[24][25][26][27][28] Transgender population was counted in
population census in India for first time in 2011.[29][30] The official count of the third
gender in India is 4.9 lakh[31]

Population Total 1,210,854,977

Males 623,724,248

Females 586,469,174

Literacy Total 74%

Males 82.10%

Females 65.50%

Density of population per km2 382

Sex ratio per 1000 males 940 females

Child sex ratio (0–6 age group) per 1000 males 919

Decadal growth of Indian population (1901–201

1).
Population
The population of India as per 2011 census was 1,210,193,422.[32] India added 181.5 million to its population since 2001, slightly lower than the population of
Brazil. India, with 2.4% of the world's surface area, accounts for 17.5% of its population. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state with roughly 200 million
people. A little over 5 out of 10 Indians live in the six states of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.[33] Of the
121 crore Indians, 83.3 crore (68.84%) live in rural areas while 37.7 crore stay in urban areas.[34][35] 45.36 crore people in India are migrants, which is 37.8% of
total population.[36][37][38]

India is the homeland of major belief systems such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism, while also being home to several indigenous faiths and tribal
religions which have survived the influence of major religions for centuries.

Ever since its inception, the Census of India has been collecting and publishing information about the religious affiliations as expressed by the people of India.
In fact, population census has the rare distinction of being the only instrument that collects this diverse and important characteristic of the Indian population.
 Population distribution in India by states

State / Decadal
Sex Literacy
Union % of total Rural[42] Urban[42] Area[43] Density Growth%
Rank Type Population[39] Males Females Ratio rate
Territory population[40] [41] Population Population (km²) (/km²) (2001-
(%)
(UT) 2011)

1 Uttar Pradesh State 199,812,341 16.5 104,480,510 95,331,831 930 67.68 155,111,022 44,470,455 240,928 828 20.1%

2 Maharashtra State 112,374,333 9.28 58,243,056 54,131,277 929 82.34 61,545,441 50,827,531 307,713 365 16.0%

3 Bihar State 104,099,452 8.6 54,278,157 49,821,295 918 61.80 92,075,028 11,729,609 94,163 1,102 25.1%

4 West Bengal State 91,276,115 7.54 46,809,027 44,467,088 950 76.26 62,213,676 29,134,060 88,752 1,030 13.9%

Andhra
5 State 84,580,777 6.99 42,442,146 42,138,631 993 67.02 56,361,702 28,219,075 275,045 308 11.1%
Pradesh

Madhya
6 State 72,626,809 6.00 37,612,306 35,014,503 931 69.32 52,537,899 20,059,666 308,245 236 20.3%
Pradesh

7 Tamil Nadu State 72,147,030 5.96 36,137,975 36,009,055 996 80.09 37,189,229 34,949,729 130,058 555 15.6%

8 Rajasthan State 68,548,437 5.66 35,550,997 32,997,440 928 66.11 51,540,236 17,080,776 342,239 201 21.4%

9 Karnataka State 61,095,297 5.05 30,966,657 30,128,640 973 75.36 37,552,529 23,578,175 191,791 319 15.7%

10 Gujarat State 60,439,692 4.99 31,491,260 28,948,432 919 78.03 34,670,817 25,712,811 196,024 308 19.2%

11 Odisha State 41,974,218 3.47 21,212,136 20,762,082 979 72.87 34,951,234 6,996,124 155,707 269 14.0%

12 Kerala State 33,406,061 2.76 16,027,412 17,378,649 1,084 94.00 17,445,506 15,932,171 38,863 859 4.9%

13 Jharkhand State 32,988,134 2.72 16,930,315 16,057,819 948 66.41 25,036,946 7,929,292 79,714 414 22.3%

14 Assam State 31,205,576 2.58 15,939,443 15,266,133 958 72.19 26,780,526 4,388,756 78,438 397 16.9%

15 Punjab State 27,743,338 2.29 14,639,465 13,103,873 895 75.84 17,316,800 10,387,436 50,362 550 13.7%

16 Chhattisgarh State 25,545,198 2.11 12,832,895 12,712,303 991 70.28 19,603,658 5,936,538 135,191 189 22.6%

17 Haryana State 25,351,462 2.09 13,494,734 11,856,728 879 75.55 16,531,493 8,821,588 44,212 573 19.9%

18 Delhi UT 16,787,941 1.39 8,887,326 7,800,615 868 86.21 944,727 12,905,780 1,484 11,297 21%

Jammu and
19 State 12,541,302 1.04 6,640,662 5,900,640 889 67.16 9,134,820 3,414,106 222,236 56 23.7%
Kashmir

20 Uttarakhand State 10,086,292 0.83 5,137,773 4,948,519 963 79.63 7,025,583 3,091,169 53,483 189 19.2%

Himachal
21 State 6,864,602 0.57 3,481,873 3,382,729 972 82.80 6,167,805 688,704 55,673 123 12.8%
Pradesh

22 Tripura State 3,673,917 0.30 1,874,376 1,799,541 960 87.22 2,710,051 960,981 10,486 350 14.7%

23 Meghalaya State 2,966,889 0.25 1,491,832 1,475,057 989 74.43 2,368,971 595,036 22,429 132 27.8%

24 Manipur State 2,721,756 0.21 1,290,171 1,280,219 992 79.21 1,899,624 822,132 22,327 122 18.7%

25 Nagaland State 1,978,502 0.16 1,024,649 953,853 931 79.55 1,406,861 573,741 16,579 119 -0.5%

26 Goa State 1,458,545 0.12 739,140 719,405 973 88.70 551,414 906,309 3,702 394 8.2%

Arunachal
27 State 1,383,727 0.11 713,912 669,815 938 65.38 1,069,165 313,446 83,743 17 25.9%
Pradesh

28 Puducherry UT 1,247,953 0.10 612,511 635,442 1,037 85.85 394,341 850,123 479 2,598 27.7%

29 Mizoram State 1,097,206 0.09 555,339 541,867 976 91.33 529,037 561,997 21,081 52 22.8%

30 Chandigarh UT 1,055,450 0.09 580,663 474,787 818 86.05 29,004 1,025,682 114 9,252 17.1%

31 Sikkim State 610,577 0.05 323,070 287,507 890 81.42 455,962 151,726 7,096 86 12.4%

Andaman
32 and Nicobar UT 380,581 0.03 202,871 177,710 876 86.63 244,411 135,533 8,249 46 6.7%
Islands

Dadra and
33 UT 343,709 0.03 193,760 149,949 774 76.24 183,024 159,829 491 698 55.5%
Nagar Haveli

Daman and
34 UT 243,247 0.02 150,301 92,946 618 87.10 60,331 182,580 112 2,169 53.5%
Diu

35 Lakshadweep UT 64,473 0.01 33,123 31,350 946 91.85 14,121 50,308 32 2,013 6.2%

TOTAL India 35 1,210,854,977 100 623,724,248 586,469,174 943 73.00 833,087,662 377,105,760 3,287,240 382 17.64%

Religious demographics
The religious data on India Census 2011 was released by the Government of India on 25 August, 2015.[44][45][46] Hindus are 79.8% (966.3 million), while
Muslims are 14.23% (172.2 million) in India.[47][47][48][49]and Christians are 2.30 % (28.7 million). For the first time, a "No religion" category was added in the
2011 census.[50][51] 2.87 million were classified as people belonging to "No Religion" in India in the 2011 census.[52][53] - 0.24% of India's population of 1.21
billion.[54][55] Given below is the decade-by-decade religious composition of India till the 2011 census.[56][57][58] There are six religions in India that have been
awarded "National Minority" status - Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists and Parsis.[59][60] Sunnis, Shias, Bohras, Agakhanis and Ahmadiyyas were
identified as sects of Islam in India.[61][62][63] As per 2011 census, six major faiths- Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains make up over 99.4% of
India’s 121 crore population, while “other religions, persuasions” (ORP) count is 82. Among the ORP faiths, six faiths- 49.57 lakh-strong Sarna, 10.26 lakh-
strong Gond, 5.06 lakh-strong Sari, Doni Polo (3.02 lakh) in Arunachal Pradesh, Sanamahi (2.22 lakh) in Manipur, Khasi (1.38 lakh) in Meghalaya dominate.[64]
Maharashtra is having the highest number of atheists in the country with 9,652 such people, followed by Meghalaya (9,089) and Kerala.[65]

Population trends for major religious groups in India (1951–2011)

 Religious Population Population Population Population Population Population Population
group % 1951 % 1961 % 1971 % 1981 % 1991 % 2001 % 2011[66]

Hinduism 84.1% 83.45% 82.73% 82.30% 81.53% 80.46% 79.80%

Islam 9.8% 10.69% 11.21% 11.75% 12.61% 13.43% 14.23%

Christianity 2.3% 2.44% 2.60% 2.44% 2.32% 2.34% 2.30%

Sikhism 1.79% 1.79% 1.89% 1.92% 1.94% 1.87% 1.72%

Buddhism 0.74% 0.74% 0.70% 0.70% 0.77% 0.77% 0.70%

Jainism 0.46% 0.46% 0.48% 0.47% 0.40% 0.41% 0.37%

Zoroastrianism 0.13% 0.09% 0.09% 0.09% 0.08% 0.06% n/a

Other religions / No religion 0.43% 0.43% 0.41% 0.42% 0.44% 0.72% 0.9%

Literacy
Any one above age 7 who can read and write in any language with an ability to understand was considered a literate. In censuses before 1991, children below the
age 5 were treated as illiterates. The literacy rate taking the entire population into account is termed as "crude literacy rate", and taking the population from age 7
and above into account is termed as "effective literacy rate". Effective literacy rate increased to a total of 74.04% with 82.14% of the males and 65.46% of the
females being literate.[67]

S.No. Census Year Total (%) Male (%) Female (%)

1 1901 5.35 9.83 0.60

2 1911 5.92 10.56 1.05

3 1921 7.16 12.21 1.81

4 1931 9.50 15.59 2.93

5 1941 16.10 24.90 7.30

6 1951 16.67 24.95 9.45

7 1961 24.02 34.44 12.95

8 1971 29.45 39.45 18.69

9 1981 36.23 46.89 24.82

10 1991 42.84 52.74 32.17

11 2001 64.83 75.26 53.67

12 2011 74.04 82.14 65.46

The table lists the "crude literacy rate" in India from 1901 to 2011.

See also
Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011
Demographics of India
Other Backward Class
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
List of Other Backward Classes

Notes
"Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Census 2011" (PDF). Census of India, 2011.

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External links
Official Website
Census India 2011 - Population of India

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