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ذ4 بةرط,
-1592006 ئازارى2706 طؤظارى ئةكاديميانى كوردستان نةوروزى
( لثةرة
164) A ) بةشى1(
Abstract
In the paper we develop a mathematical model to study the stationary equation of heat in one dimension.
This model leads to incorporate a cooling system for a computer radiator. The model will be implemented
by using numerical simulation.
E-mail : areeali@hotmail.com
159
(KAJ) Kurdistan Academicians Journal, March 2006 , 4(1) part A
ذ4 بةرط, 2006 ئازارى2706 طؤظارى ئةكاديميانى كوردستان نةوروزى
A ) بةشى1(
Programming
Optimization
High level language
Visualization
160
(KAJ) Kurdistan Academicians Journal, March 2006 , 4(1) part A
ذ4 بةرط, 2006 ئازارى2706 طؤظارى ئةكاديميانى كوردستان نةوروزى
A ) بةشى1(
where q is the flux of heat by the unit of h2 h3
θ m− 1 = θ ( xm − h) = θ ( xm ) − hθ ′( xm ) + θ ′ ( xm ) − θ ′ ′ ( xm ) + O(h 4 )
surface and time [Watt/m²], hc is a surface 2 6
→ (7)
h2 h3
coefficient of thermal transfer [W/(m² θ m+ 1 = θ ( xm + h) = θ ( xm ) + hθ ′( xm ) + θ ′ ( xm ) + θ ′′ ( xm ) + O(h 4 )
2 6
Kelvin)] and p is the perimeter of the
surface. Mathematical Analysis
If we denote θ ( x) = T ( x) − Ta , our
Dividing equation (1) by S dx for dx → 0
mathematical model becomes:
,
because the radiator layers is sufficiently
− θ ′′( x) + a( x)θ ( x) = 0, where 0 < x < L
thin. → (5)
θ (0) = θ 0 , and θ ′( L) = 0
dq hc ( x) p
− − (T −Ta ) = 0 → ( 2) The hypothesis a ( x) > 0, play a crucial
dx S role to make our model in one solution
(existence, uniqueness) [9,10].
The Fourier law express the proportionality
between head flux and gradient of When a (x) is a constant function, there is
temperature [6]: another important information in the
practical point of view. This information is
the existence of an exact solution of
dT equation (5).
q = −k , k is thermal conductivity
dx
[W/(mk)]
cosh[ a ( L − x)]
2
θ ( x) = θ0 → ( 6)
d T
h ( x) p cosh( a L)
−k 2 + c (T − Ta ) = 0 → (3) Model Sampling
dx S
Finally, the distribution of temperature will
The first step in sampling consist in
be described by the ODE:
decomposition the segment [ 0, L] in M
L
d 2T intervals of length h = . We obtain thus
− 2 + a ( x )( T − Ta ) = 0 → (4) M
dx the mesh that consists of M + 1 points of
abscises x m = mh , m = 0,1,..., M . The
hc ( x) p This equation is idea of the numerical resolution is to find
a ( x) = [1 / m²] defined for
kS an approximation Θ m of the exact solution
0 < x < L , so it θ m = θ ( x m ) . To obtain the discrete
must add the boundary conditions [2,7]
equation which take the values θ m , we
T (0) = T0 (Dirichlet type condition) need to sampling the derivation operator.
dT By using Taylor series expansion about x m
= 0 (Neuman type condition)
dx x =L
and adding these relations in below, we
That is heat transfer through the final
obtain a development of the second
section q L is negligible in comparison to
derivation at the point x m [4,9,10].
the flux through the initial solution q 0 .
161
(KAJ) Kurdistan Academicians Journal, March 2006 , 4(1) part A
ذ4 بةرط, 2006 ئازارى2706 طؤظارى ئةكاديميانى كوردستان نةوروزى
A ) بةشى1(
θ m +1 − 2θ m + θ m −1 Consider the case that we take one layer of
θ ′′( x m ) = + O( h 4 ) → (8) Aluminium, of section 4[mm] * 50[mm]
h2
From the eq(8), we can approximate the and L=40[mm]. The temperature of the
operator of second derivation by the first processor T0 = 46 °C
term of the development and eq(5) and the ambient temperature is Ta = 20 °C
becomes . For Aluminium, the thermal
conductivity is 164 [W /(m k )] and the
Θ m +1 − 2Θ m + Θ m −1 coefficient of heat transfer take the
− + am Θ m = 0 → (9)
h2 [
constant value hc = 200 W /(m k ) . By
2
]
taking inaccount the above data [7], we can
Using study the variation of temperature
θ (0) = θ 0 = Θ 0 and θ ′( L) = Θ ′( L) = 0
distribution on the Aluminium layer
range [ 0, L] .
eq(8) is writing for the index
m = 1,2,..., M − 1 and form a linear system After implemented our algorithm, we
present the output results on the Fig(4).
as:
Θ Θ
2 + h 2 a1 −1 0 ... ... 0 1 0
Θ 0
−1 2 + h 2 a2 −1 ... ... 0
2
Θ 3 0
0 −1 2 + h a3 2
−1 ... 0
= .
.
.
0 0 ... 0 −1 1 + h aM − 1 Θ 0
2
M−1
162
(KAJ) Kurdistan Academicians Journal, March 2006 , 4(1) part A
ذ4 بةرط, 2006 ئازارى2706 طؤظارى ئةكاديميانى كوردستان نةوروزى
A ) بةشى1(
our calculation because the numerical have only taken the first order of Taylor
solution is close to the exact solution. expansion.
We tested our algorithm for another case in
[
which the value of hc = 10 W /(m k ) .
2
]
The last result was showing on the Fig(5).
This figure explains that the decreasing of
the temperature is very low about 1 °C . In
fact the value of hc depend on the air flow
and it proportional directly with it.
Conclusion
In the paper, the results show the
efficiency of the given algorithm in terms
of time computation and precession. For
different values of surface coefficient of
thermal transfer the numerical solution is
Fig(5) : Comparison between numerical close to the exact solution.
and exact solution for h=10 Our perspectives of this work are to study
Nevertheless, at the neighbour of x = L the the non stationary heat equations which
two curves would be divergent because we describe the time evolution of our system.
The expect results will be compared with
the current work.
References
[1] Griewank,A., Computational Differentiation ,Springer ,2001.
[2] Shah,A. , Sammakia,B., and Srihari,H., A Numerical Study of the Thermal
Performance of an Impingement Heat Sink-Fin Shape Optimization ,May 30 June
IEEE On Thermal Phenomena, 2002, (02), 298-306.
[3] Long ,C. A., Essential Heat Transfer, 1999, printed in Malaysia, ISBN 0- 582-29279-4.
[4] Kincaid ,D. and Cheney,W., Numerical Analysis, 2002, printed in the US of American,
ISBN 0-534-3805-8.
[5] Agonafer,D.,Markell,J.,Sammakai,B.,and Lehmann,G., Numerical Investigate Of
Enclosure Effect on Spot Cooling Devices, IEEE On Thermal Phenomena,
2004 4, 339-343.
[6] Morrison ,I. , Flow responsive modelling of internal surface convection, 2001,
Proceedings of Building Simulation ’01, 923-930.
[7] Danaila,I. and Hecht,F., Simulation numérique en C++, 2003, Paris, ISBN 2-10-006975-6.
[8] Saini,M., and Weeb,R., Heat Rejection Limits of Air Cooled Plane Fin Heat Sink
For Computer Cooling , IEEE Transactions on , 2003 , 26 (1), 71- 79.
[9] William ,H. and Saul ,A., Numerical Recipes in C++, 2002, by Cambridge University,
ISBN 0-521- 75033-4.
[10] Ortega,J.M, and Grimshaw,A.S., C++ and Numerical Methods, Oxford University
Press,1999.
163
(KAJ) Kurdistan Academicians Journal, March 2006 , 4(1) part A
طؤظارى ئةكاديميانى كوردستان نةوروزى 2706ئازارى , 2006بةرط 4ذ
( )1بةشى A
الخلصة
في هذا البحث طورنا نموذج رياضي لدراسة المعادلة الثابتة لحرارة ذات البعد واحد .نعالج
نموذج بأستخدام محاكاة الرياضية.
164