ANIMATION

• Animation is the rapid display of a sequence of 2D or 3D artwork or model positions in order to create an illusion of
motion or life.
• Animation adds to graphics the dimensions of time, which tremendously increase the potential of transmitting the
desired information.

Types of animation:

1. 2-D animation
The term "2D" refers to animation that is created using two dimensional drawings.
Classic hand drawn animation is the main example for this type.

2-D Animation are of two types:

➢ Cel Animation:
• A traditional form of animation used in the production of cartoons or animated movies where each frame
of the scene is drawn by hand.
• Cel stands for celluloid which is a clear sheet with images drawn on them
• A full-length feature film produced using cel animation would often require a million or more drawings to
complete
➢ Path animations:
• The process of animating one or more objects moving along a predefined path through the scene is
known as path animation. The path is called a motion path.
• The path can be a straight line or have a number of curves

Path animations can be created in two ways:

• Create a path with a curve tool or identify an existing path, and attach the object to the path.
• Move the object through a series of locations in the scene, creating a path through these locations.

The animated object by default maintains a consistent orientation to the path along the full length of the path.
After creating the basic path animation, you can refine it in various ways, as follows:
• Reshape the path.
• Change the orientation of the object to the path along the whole path, or in specific parts of the path.
• Animate the object so that it deforms (bends) around curves in the path.
• Change the object's speed of movement along the whole path, or in specific parts of the path.
2. 3-D animation:
• Animating objects that appear in a three-dimensional space. They can be rotated and moved like real
objects
• 3D animation is at the heart of games and virtual reality, but it may also be used in presentation graphics
to add flair to the visuals
Keyframes:

• In any smooth transition in an animation, 1st and last frame are called key frames.
• Rest of the frames if the animation clip are called inbetween.
• Keyframes along with inbetween creates an illusion of movement.

Here in the above figure first and last frames are called Keyframes, and the rest are called in-betweens.

Tweening:
• “Tween” is actually short for “in-between”, and refers to the creation of successive frames of animation
between key frames.

• The process of generating intermediate frames between two images to give the appearance that
the first image evolves smoothly into the second image is called tweening.
Onion Skinning
• Onion skinning is a term for a technique used in creating animated cartoons and editing movies to see
several frames at once.

• This way, the animator can take decisions on how to create or change an image based on the previous
image in this sequence
 Morphing:

• Transformation of object shape from one form to another is called Morphing (Metamorphosis)
• Three frames form a morph from George W.Bush into Barack Obama

Keyframe 1 inbetweens keyframe 2