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LTE Drive Test Parameters
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Some important indicator LTE drive test
parameters:

1. RSRP : Reference Signal Received Power. SEARCH This Blog | Web

2. RSRQ : Reference Signal Received Quality.
3. RSSI : Received Signal Strength Indicator. on WE
4. SINR : Signal to Interference Noise Ratio. Custom Search B
5. CQI : Channel Quality Index.
6. PCI : Physical Cell Identity.
7. BLER: Block Error Ratio. TELECOM FUNDAMENTALS
8. DL Throughput : Down Link Throughput. NB IOT Enabling New Business
9. UL Throughput : Up Link Throughput Opportunities
Jul 13, 2017 7:24 PM

ITU 5G use case demos 5G Operating

Platform Infrastr...
Jul 13, 2017 7:24 PM

This is the common key performance parameters for LTE drive test parameter we have to work out for LTE ICN Demo Rethinking mobility with
information centri...
drive test task.
Jan 6, 2017 4:09 PM

1. RSRP: ITU 5G demo Using ICN to simplify data

RSRP – The average power received from a single Reference signal, and Its typical range is around -44dbm delivery, mob...
(good) to -140dbm(bad). May 30, 2017 5:34 AM

RSRP (dBm) = RSSI (dBm) – 10*log (12*N) In Building Coverage Solutions Training
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2. RSRQ: Calculator
RSRQ – Indicates quality of the received signal, and its range is typically -19.5dB(bad) to -3dB (good).
Conversion Table

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LTE Call Processing and

Handover
•CPS (Call Processing
Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) is defined as the ratio N×RSRP/(E-UTRA carrier RSSI), Software): LTE Control &
where N is the number of RB’s of the E-UTRA carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth. Bearer Protocol processing
The measurements in the numerator and denominator shall be made over the same set of resource blocks. •OAM (Operation and Maintenance):
eNB Operation and Ma...
3. RSSI:
RSSI – Represents the entire received power including the wanted power from the serving cell as well as all LTE DRIVE TEST
PARAMETERS
co-channel power and other sources of noise and it is related to the above parameters through the following
RSRP :- Reference signal
formula:
receive power <<>> RSRQ
:Reference signal receive
RSRQ=N*(RSRP/RSSI) quality <<>> SINR :-Signal to Noise ...

Where N is the number of Resource Blocks of the E-UTRA carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth. What is MIMO?
RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) is a parameter which provides information about total received
wide-band power (measure in all symbols) including all interference and thermal noise. RSSI is not reported
to e-NodeB by UE. It can simply be computed from RSRQ and RSRP that are, instead, reported by UE.
RSSI = wideband power = noise + serving cell power + interference power
So, without noise and interference, we have that 100% DL PRB activity: RSSI=12*N*RSRP LTE frequency bands
Where: FDD and TDD LTE frequency
RSRP is the received power of 1 RE (3GPP definition) average of power levels received across all Reference bands FDD spectrum
Signal symbols within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth requires pair bands, one of
the uplink and one for the
RSSI is measured over the entire bandwidth
downlink, and TDD requires a single b...
N, number of RBs across the RSSI, is measured and depends on the BW

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4. SINR:
SINR is the reference value used in the system simulation and can be defined: 5 G Antenna Course FAQ
Wide band SINR GPRS GSM IMS Interview
SINR for a specific sub-carriers (or for a specific resource elements) Q&A LT E LTE
All measured over the same bandwidth! P r o t o c o l LTE Training
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RSSP vs RSRQ vs RSSI vs SINR R F Signaling Spectrum

Telco Magazine Telco Technology
Below is a chart that shows what values are considered good and bad for the LTE signal strength values: T o o l
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In simple terms the Reference Signal (RS) is mapped to Resource Elements (RE). This mapping follows a
specific pattern (see to below). Belize’s Smart Goes Live with FTS’
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So at any point in time the UE will measure all the REs that carry the RS and average the Solution - 07/19/2017 -
measurements to obtain an RSRP reading. InfiNet Wireless to showcase fastest
Channel estimation in LTE is based on reference signals (like CPICH functionality in WCDMA) Point-to-Point Wireless Solution in the
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In case more than one antenna is used (e.g. MIMO) the Resource elements allocated to reference Communications Testing Services
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Reference signals are modulated to identify the cell to which they belong
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Impact of serving cell power to RSRQ:

Example for noise limited case (no interference): If all resource elements are active and are transmitted with
equal power, then

RSRQ = N / 12N = -10.8 dB for 1Tx

RSRQ = N / 20N = -13 dB for 2Tx taking DTX into account
(because RSRP is measured over 1 resource element and RSSI per resource block is measured over 12 resource
elements).
Remember that RSSI is only measured at those symbol times during which RS REs are transmitted – We do
not have to take into the count DTx!!!
So, when there is no traffic, and assuming only the reference symbols are transmitted (there are 2 of them
within the same symbol of a resource block) from a single Tx antenna then the RSSI is generated by only the
2 reference symbols so the result becomes

RSRQ = N / 2N = -3 dB for 1Tx

RSRQ = -6dB for 2Tx
SNR vs. RSRP

RSRP is measured for a single subcarrier, noisepower for 15KHz= -125.2dBm

Noise figure = 7 dB
Temperature = 290 K

Assumption: RSRP doesn’t contain noise power

Power Calculation Example

Lets try to calculate RSRP, RSSI and RSRQ for one very simple case of one resource block with 12 sub
carriers and 0.5 ms in time domain. Let’s assume the power of reference symbols (shown by red square) and
power of other symbols carrying other data channels (shown by blue square) is same i.e. 0.021 watt Since
RSRP is linear average of downlink reference signal for given channel bandwidth therefore

RSRP = 10*log (0.021*1000) = 13.2 dBm

While RSSI is total received wide-band power. Therefore we have to add power of all 12 carriers in the given
resource block

RSSI = 10*log(0.021*1000)+10*log(12) = 24 dBm

RSRQ is now simple ratio of RSRP to RSSI with N=1

RSRQ = 10*log(0.021/(12*0.021)) = -10.79 dB

Understanding dBm vs dB

dB is ratio between two power values while dBm is used to express an absolute value of power. So when we
mention RSRP and RSSI we shall always use dBm since we are talking about absolute power values but we
need to use dB with RSRQ since it is the ratio of RSRP to RSSI

5. CQI:
The Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) contains information sent from a UE to the eNode-B to indicate a suitable
downlink transmission data rate, i.e., a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) value. CQI is a 4-bit integer
and is based on the observed signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the UE. The CQI estimation
process takes into account the UE capability such as the number of antennas and the type of receiver used
for detection. This is important since for the same SINR value the MCS level that can be supported by a UE
depends on these various UE capabilities, which needs to be taken into account in order for the eNode-B to
select an optimum MCS level for the transmission. The CQI reported values are used by the eNode-B for
downlink scheduling and link adaptation, which are important features of LTE.
In LTE, there are 15 different CQI values randing from 1 to 15 and mapping between CQI and modulcation scheme,
transport block size is defined as follows (36.213)
6. PCI:
Cell ID sets the physical (PHY) layer Cell ID. This PHY-layer Cell ID determines the Cell ID Group and Cell ID
Sector. There are 168 possible Cell ID groups and 3 possible Cell ID sectors; therefore, there are 3 * 168 =
504 possible PHY-layer cell IDs. When Cell ID is set to Auto, the demodulator will automatically detect the
Cell ID. When Cell ID is set to Manual, the PHY-layer Cell ID must be specified for successful demodulation.
The physical layer cell id can be calculated from the following formula:

PHY-layer Cell ID = 3*(Cell ID Group) + Cell ID Sector

When Sync Type is set to C-RS, the Cell ID Auto selection will be disabled, and Cell ID must be specified
manually. This is because the demodulator needs to know the values of the C-RS sequence to use for
synchronization and because Cell ID determines these values. See RS-PRS for more information.

7. BLER:
3GPP TS 34.121, F.6.1.1 defines block error ratio (BLER) as follows: "A Block Error Ratio is defined as the
ratio of the number of erroneous blocks received to the total number of blocks sent. An erroneous block is
defined as a Transport Block, the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of which is wrong."

8/9. DL/UL Throughput:

assume a 2×5 MHz LTE system. We first calculate the number of resource elements (RE) in a subframe (a
subframe is 1 msec):
12 Subcarriers x 7 OFDMA Symbols x 25 Resource Blocks x 2 slots = 4,200 REs
Then we calculate the data rate assuming 64 QAM with no coding (64QAM is the highest modulation for
downlink LTE):
6 bits per 64QAM symbol x 4,200 Res / 1 msec = 25.2 Mbps
The MIMO data rate is then 2 x 25.2 = 50.4 Mbps. We now have to subtract the overhead related to control
signaling such as PDCCH and PBCH channels, reference & synchronization signals, and coding. These are
estimated as follows:
PDCCH channel can take 1 to 3 symbols out of 14 in a subframe. Assuming that on average it is 2.5
symbols, the amount of overhead due to PDCCH becomes 2.5/14 = 17.86 %.
Downlink RS signal uses 4 symbols in every third subcarrier resulting in 16/336 = 4.76% overhead
for 2×2 MIMO configuration
The other channels (PSS, SSS, PBCH, PCFICH, PHICH) added together amount to ~2.6% of
overhead

The total approximate overhead for the 5 MHz channel is 17.86% + 4.76% + 2.6% = 25.22%.
The peak data rate is then 0.75 x 50.4 Mbps = 37.8 Mbps.
Note that the uplink would have lower throughput because the modulation scheme for most device classes is
16QAM in SISO mode only.
There is another technique to calculate the peak capacity which I include here as well for a 2×20 MHz LTE
system with 4×4 MIMO configuration and 64QAM code rate 1:

Downlink data rate:

Pilot overhead (4 Tx antennas) = 14.29%
Common channel overhead (adequate to serve 1 UE/subframe) = 10%
CP overhead = 6.66%
Guard band overhead = 10%

Downlink data rate = 4 x 6 bps/Hz x 20 MHz x (1-14.29%) x (1-10%) x (1-6.66%) x (1-10%) = 298 Mbps.
Uplink data rate:
1 Tx antenna (no MIMO), 64 QAM code rate 1 (Note that typical UEs can support only 16QAM)
Pilot overhead = 14.3%
Random access overhead = 0.625%
CP overhead = 6.66%
Guard band overhead = 10%

Uplink data rate = 1 * 6 bps/Hz x 20 MHz x (1-14.29%) x (1-0.625%) x (1-6.66%) x (1-10%) = 82 Mbps.
Alternative to these methods, one can refer to 3GPP document 36.213, Table 7.1.7.1-1, Table 7.1.7.2.1-1 and
Table 7.1.7.2.2-1 for more accurate calculations of capacity.

To conclude, the LTE capacity depends on the following:

Channel bandwidth
Network loading: number of subscribers in a cell which impacts the overhead
The configuration & capability of the system: whether it’s 2×2 MIMO, SISO, and the MCS scheme.

Throughput Troubleshooting

DL

UL
 Labels: Drive Test , Optimization-4G

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