, .
$PE 6721
Predicting Phase Behavior of
Condensate/Crude-Oil Systems Using Methane
Interaction Coefficients
D. L. Katz, SP&AIME, U. of Michigan
A. Fuoozabadi, Abadan Instituteof Technology
Introduction
Prediction of phase behavior of complex hydrocarbon
systems has improved gradually. Recent papets using
equations of state for predicting phase fugacities of con-
stituents have extended their usefulnessto higher boiling
compmenfs .1-5Using extended analysis with boiling
points of higher boiling hydrocarbon groups and their
densities and molecular weights provides a basis for
improvement when predicting phase behavior. At the
high pressureof reservoir condkions, properties of these
Cd+groupsare impor~t.
Using the Peng-Robutson5equation of state has the
advantageof improving accuracywhencalculatingliquid
density. When used by Bergman et af.4’6with extended
gas analyses, the equation gave good prediction of dew
points and liquid yield at pipelineconditions. Bergmanet
al, used interaction coefficients but did not completely
explore their usage since phase behavior of condensates
at pipeline conditions appeared rather insensitive to the
Co+interactioncoefficients.
This paper reports the extension of the Peng-
Robinson-AGA procedure for phase prediction of con-
densates and natuml-gas/crude-oil systems at reservoir
wnditions. New interaction coefficients were found
necessary for methane and Ce+ constituents (especially
the highest boiling group, such as Cm+)so that experi-
mental behavior could be matched by prediction. Steps
for developing interaction parameters are presented.
Then, agreementbetween measuredand predicted phase
0148-21%/78/001 1-6721$0025
@197880ciety o! Pemleum Enghews OfAME
Thispaper extends the Peng-Robinson-AGA procedure forcomputingphase behavior to include
gas-coruknsate and crude-oil systems at reservoir conditions. Irnwaction coeficientsfiom
wethane to the C6+ groups were correlated with liquid density. With these coefficients, the
behavior of gas condimsate systems maybe predicted reliably.
NOVEMBER, 1978
behavior up to pressures of 64121 kpa (9,300 psia) is
shown for several crude oil and condensate systems.
Calculations of Phase Behavior
The equationof state, using the relationshipof fugacity to
partial molal volumes, is used to compute the fugacity of
each component !n both liquid and gaseous phases. At
equilibrium the fugacity of each component in liquid
equals its fugacity in the gaseous state.
Basic parameters for each constituent are the critical
properties, normal boiling point or vapor pressure. For
hextme and heavier groups present in natural-gas and
crudeoil systems, average normal boiling point, liquid
density, and molecular weight are used7instead of mea-
sured properties available for pure components.
For systemscontaining variousmolecularfamilies, the
interactioncoefficients between the primary constituents
must be includedto accountfor the degree of compatibil-
ity. Here methane and higher boiling C6+groups are the
principal components for which interaction coefficients
appear sigtilcant.
Since propertiesof Cd+groupsin crudeoil and ccmden-
sates are needed here, generalizedproperties are given in
the absence of measured values.
Properties of Hexanes and Heavier Groups
Average boiling @nts, liquid densities, and molecular
weights were reported by Bergman et al, 8 from C6
through C15,based on analysis of 26 condensates and
naturallyrecurring liquid hydrocarbons. This correlation
I
1649
 . .

500 I I I i I I /
1/ I
0Wgmon,Tek EkIGatz
xLiquid
I t }
0.s ..-. J’=-.<. A====iJ v.mr~ffm,nc~ump~H.c~t”+/’’;-;

100 — -4.- !__i !

as
[,//,
-50 0
1,/,
100 200
1,!
300 400
,11500
-100
I
0 100
I
300
I
400
I
5C9
NORMAL BOILING POINT, % NORMAL%?LING POINT, W

Fig. l—Density vs boiling Wlnts of hydrocarbongroups Incrude F@. 2—Molecu!&rw boiling pointsof hydrocarbongroups in
oil and condensatesystems, crude oil and condensatesystems,

was extended to a normal boiling point of 5W”C using

added data8”e for use with reservoir condensates and Development of Interaction Coefficients
crudeoils. Table 1and Figs, 1and 2 give average proper- Initial trials of predicting bubble points of crude oils with
ties for groups of compounds boiling between 0.5°C the Peng-Robinson-AGAprocedure failed to give good
above the previous n-paraffinsl” and O.5°C above the agreement, even though extended analyses up to C20+
carbon number used to identify the group, The higher were used. The interaction coefficient, used earlier by
boiling point properties are only best estimates and are Zudkevitch and Joffe,ll was inserted in the equation of
used for systems for which propefiies and/or analyses state by Peng-Robinson.s Using alternative interaction
have not been performed at these high boiling points, coefficients showed promise as a way of modifying the
TABLE 1–GENERALIZED PROPERTIESOF PETROLEUMHEXANEPLUS GROUPS
Average
Hydrooertron Soiling Range Boiling Point DensHy Moleoular
Group Vc) w) ~c) —~F) (g/ml) Weight
c, 36.5 to 69.2 97.9 to 156.7 63.9 147 0.665 64
c, 69.2 to 96.0 156.7to 210.1 91.9 197,5 0.722 96
$8.0 to 126,1 210,1to 259.1 116.7 242 0.745 107
2 126.1to 151,3 259.1 to 304.4 142.2 266 0.784 121
~ 1S1.3 to 174,6 304.4 to346.4 165.8 330.5 0.778 134
174.6to 196.4 346.4to 365.5 187.2 369 0.769 147
C,* 186,4to 216.6 365.5 to 422.2 208.3 407 0.800 181
G3 216,6 to 235,9 422.2 to 456.7 227.2 441 0.611 175
C*4 235.0to 253,9 456+7to 469,2 246.4 475.5 0.622 190
:: 253.9 to 271.1 469.2 to 520 266 511 0.632 206
271,1 to 287.3 520 to 547 263 542 0.839 222
c,? 287 to 303 547 to 577 572 0.847 237
:,: 303 to 317 577 to 603 % 505 0.852 251
317 to331 603 to 628 325 617 0.857 263
C.zll 331 to 344 62~ to 652 336 640.5 0,662 275
C2, 344 to 357 652 to 675 351 0,667 291
G42 357 to 369 675 to 698 363 E 0.672
369 to 361 696 to 717 375 707 0.877 R
$4 381 to 392 7f7 to 737 366 727 0.881
302 to 402 737 to 758 397 747 0.665 E5
C*, 402 to 413 756 to 775 766 0s69
c27 413 to 423 775 to 703 419 0.893 ::
C*B 423 to 432 793 to 810 429 :: 0.896
432 to 441 810 to 626 438 817 0.838 402
$ 441 to 450 626 to 842 0.902 416
450 to 459 642 to 657 455 0.906 430
Gw 459 to 488 657 to 874 463 r: 0.309
466 to 476 674 to 686 471 0.912 456
24 476 to 483 668 to WI 478 r5 0,014 472
CM 463 to 491 901 to 915 466 808 0.917 466
C3e 493 022 0.919 500
C37 500 0.922 514
506 :: 0.924 528
$8 515 050 0.026 542
522 972 0.028 656
c,, 528 082 0.930 570
C42 993 0.931 864
c. 540 1,004 0.933 598
C.sl 1,017 0.935 612
C4S rd 1,027 0.937 628

1650
procedure. Accordingly, interaction coefficients for
methane binaries were compiled based on bubble points
along withdescriptivepropertiesthat might allow a corre-
lation related to known propertiesof the C8+groups. The
interactioncoefficients obtained are the values fhat gave
minimum error for the bubble point for the range of
temperatm and pressure indicated in Table 2, using data
from Refs. 12through 20.
The use of liquid density at 15.5°C (60°F) for the
binary component in the methane binary gave a cor-
relation of the interaction coefficients for these systems
(Fig. 3).
Interactioncoefficientsfornonhydrocarbom used here 1 I 1 I 1 I I I 1 I
are 0.12 for nitrogenhydrocarbons,20’21 and 0.1 SforC02 005 0.60 070 a90 Lo
OENSITY AT 15.5”~ghnf
hydrocarbons.8 Ethane and propane intel action
coefficient were considered with other hydrocmbons. fl . 3—lnteractbn coefficient from methaneto other
hyr?rocarbonsas a functbn of the densityof the iwavler
Because of the variation found with temperatun! and hydrocarbon,
pressure, and the relatively small influence on the predic-
tions, the value of 0,01 used in the Peng-Robinson-AGA
procedure was continued. The interaction coefficients
between nitihane and ethane through n-pentane were Hoffman et al. 8Lean-Gas Condensate
zero. Later, the significance of the interaction coeffl- Hoffman et al.’s data on the gas-cap material at the
cients for methane and the last composite group, such as reservoir temperature of 93, 9°C (201°F) are the most
Cm+, will be discussed. complete because true boiling-point distillations with
densities and molecularweights were determinedon cute
Natural-Gas Condensate Systems corresponding to n-paraffins up to C22. The analysis
The natural-gascondensatesystem used whencomparing given and the densities and molecular weights for each
experimentaldata with calculated valuesis listed in Table cut were used to predict(1) dew-point pressure,(2) liquid
3. The measured dew-point pressure at stated tempera- yield as a function of pressure down to 3551 kFa (515
tures, the liquid yield when flashed at given temperatures psia), and (3) vapor-liquid equilibrium ratios all at
and pressures, and the corresponding equilibrium ratios 93,90C, Table 4 compares experimental data, predicted
are used to give three methods for comparison. For each values in this study, and, published predictions by
system, the extended analysis was available. The predic- Starling.i Fig. 4 compares equilibrium ratios. The dew-
tions for the condensates were based on the interaction point pressure and liquid-yiekiprpdictions are excellent,
coefficients of Fig. 3, which is correlated on liquid den- end predicted equilibrium ratibs for methane have an
sity of the hydrocarbon groups as developed here. For average absolute error of 0.76% with experimentaldata.
natural-gas condensates, none of the experimental data
being compared were used to generate the calculation Starlingl Rkh-Gas Condensate (Fluid B)
procedure. Each comparisonwill be discussed in turn. Starling reported the analysis on a rich-gas condensate
TABLE 2—INTERACTIONCOEFFICIENTSFOR BINARY METHANE/HYDROCAftBON SYSTEMS
Boning D&y Pressure Temperature
Heavier Intereotbn Point Moiecuiar Range Range
Comwnent Coeffwnt —(“c) 1S,6”C)
— Weight (kPa) (=’c) Ref.
nC4 0.02 -0.50 0.584 58.12 4100to12400 71.1,87.8,104.4,121.1 12
nC8 0.02 38.07 0.6312 72.15 4100to16100 71.1,104,4,137.8 12
nCa 0.025 68,74 0.6F40 86.18 4050 to 16200 75,100,150 13
G 0.025 88.43 0.5882 100.20 4100t020800 71.1,104.4,137.8 14
nc, 0.036 126.86 0.7068 114.23 4050 to 7080 75,100,150 15
rlc* 0.035 150.80 0.7217 128.26 4050 to 30400 75,100,160 16
nClo 0.035 174.12 0.7341 142.28 4100 to 32750 71.1,104.4,137.8 12
a 0.054 343,8 0.795 282.57 500 to 8050 40 17
E??nzene 0.08 80.03 0.6s44 78.11 9970 to 24200 37.8,71.1,104.4 18,19
Cycbhexerw 0.03 80.72 0.7834 84.16 4100t024 100 71,1,104.4,137.8 20
TABW=~wwNm~/CRUM~LSwTUSUwDIN COMPARlSt3NSOFEXPERlMENTALWl~
PREDfCTEDBEHAVtOR
Temperature Range Pressure Range
Authors System ~c) ~F) (kPa x 10+) (paia)
Hoffman,etal.s Condensate,crude
83.8B 201 26.43 to 3.55 3,842to 616
Starting! C&%eate 10JIJ glJ 214,250 26.16 to 3.55 3,705 to 515
Rohrl&J crude on .,. 120,200 7.22 to 64.63 1,047to 9,374
stalKwJf and
crude Ofl 48.88,121.11 120,250 6.26 to 38.13 1,010to 6,530
Katz end
l+aohmut~ Crude oil 03.33 200 0.813to 16.54 118to2,333
Evarmand Harriet Crudeo!i 87.78 1s0 7.65 to 41.37 l,l10t06,000

NOVEMBER, 1978 16S1

 TABLE4-COMPARISON OF PREDICTEt)WtTH EXPERIMENTAL DATA FOR GAS-OAPCDMP~lllm OF
HOFFMAN ot8L@AT 36.9%
Ylsld*Ltquki
Pressure Expsrtmental This work Starlingl
(kP@
—— (pals) (rrrVm”xlOe) (bbVMMsof)
(rnVmaxlOo) (trbl/MMsef) (n$/m’xlO$) (bbl/MMaef)
20098 2,915 51,02 9.07 64.60 Q.60 63.66 11.3
17340 2,516 69.97 12.44 70.26 12.49 77.62 13.8
13633 2,016 67,52 15.56 84.40 15.02 90.66 1601
19446 1,515 95.51 16,08 92.87 16,51 96.44 17.6
8998 1,015 95.29 16,94 04,50 16.60 97.31 17.3
3551 515 84.82 15.08 88.00 15.25 83.81 14.0
Experimentaldew-poht pressureis36430 kPa (3,642 psia),
Predicteddew pokrtforthis studyis26682 kPa (3,670 pale),Starllngt>35267 kPa (6,116 psia).
Averageabsolutedeviationbetweenexperimentaland pradictsdylslds forthisstudy 1s2.6%,and8,2% for Starling.
“Llquldbulunwal raprtad pmawe andtempaa!urw oaa standardcrx@kmafor nwtrk unkaare 15°Cand 101.326 kPa.

with extended analysis to Cm, but did not include liquid
densities and molecular weights for the groups. His
analysis with generalized liquid densities and moleeular
weights of Table 1 were used with the interaction coeftl-
cienta in Fig. 3. Dew-point measurements at temperat-
ures of 101.1*C am’ 121.1°C (214°F and 25(PF) are
wmpaiwd with predictions along with liquid yields at
these temperatures in Table 5. The method in this study
showed no improvement when predicting dew-point
pressure, but a modest improvement when predicting
liquid yieId, Note that the Starling method involved re-
PRESSLJRE
, Psio
gression analysis on measured equilibrium ratios to de-
termine parameters for the common Bendict-Webb-
Rubm equation of state and then predictions were made
on the same systems.
Crude-OiUNatural-GasSystems
Dataavailableforcrude-oil/natum!-gassystems are listed
in Table 3. Before making phase calculations, extended
analyseshad to be preparedfor some systems by convert-
ing distillations to individual hydrocarbon groups us-
ing the generalized properties in Table 1. Density and
molecular weight of the last fraction were adjusted
to provide an over-all match of reported density and
molecularweight of the ~+ fmction.

‘0- (R& ~to)

Pteliminaq trials when predicting the behavior of
crude-oilhatural-gas systems indicated that the interac-
tion coefficient relationship with density did not give
satisfactoryresults whenextendedto the last fraction. We

-
kJ5L=-
c knew that asphrdticand high-boiling constituents occur-
I
\ ‘ ring in the “last fntction, ” such as C20+,were not likely
Prsdktsd: to have a continuous volatility behavior when measured
C3 in terms of liquid density. In the work of Rokmdzqand
1.0 ●
Standing and Katz?’$the downward curvature of the
vapor-liquid equilibrium ratios with increased pressure
was unexpected. At that time, the explanation was that
‘-c{a’ concentrationof the high-boiling and asphaltic fractions
in the liquid state by retrograde vaporizationof the inter-
“-%.+] mediate constituents was responsible for the behavioq
~
equilibriumcell contents were approachingdew points at
increasedpressure. One might, therefore, expeet to have
,01 %==+++ a discontinuity in the interaction-coefficient/density
E
m
-. [j ; /: function as the last constituent is reached. Accordingly,
tineinteraction coefficient for the last group was deter-
mined from even a single reliable point (a bubble point,
for example)because its use for predicting equilibria for
other conditions is shown to be reliable.
Hoffman et aLs Crude-Oil System
Data are composed of composition of the equilibrium
liquid and gas phases at93.!PC(201°F)and26455 kPa
(3,837 psia)at reservoirconditions. The interactioncoef-
ficient of the last group, Cm+, is computed using the
bubblepoint pressure of the liquid of 0.17. Using this -
value, the gas-condensate composition calculatedas part
“.”.,L-Ju&JJ of the bubblqxint computation is compared with the
1ooo 40,000 measuredcomposition of the gas-cap fluid in Table 6.
PRESSURE;kpo
Roland23Natural-GatdCrude-OilSystem
Fig. 4—Comparisonof prediotedwith experimentalK values of
Hoffmanetal,”condensateat 93.WC(201°F), Based on the distillation curve, density and molecular “
1652 JOURNALOF PETROLEUM
T2CHNOU)OY
,

TABLE 5-COMPARISON OF PREDtCTED WtTH EXPERIMENTAL DATA FOR STARLING’ CONDENSATE AT

TEMPERATURES OF 101.1and 121.l°C (214”mMf 28(FC)
LiquidYield”
Pressure Temperature Experimental Thie work Starling
(kPa) (peia) (%) (rn’/m3xl&) (bbl/MMsof) (m’/m’xl&) (bbi/MMeof) (m’/m$x109 (bbl/MMsof)
G 2,015 101.1 880.2 166.5 823.60 148.4 1058.9 187.9
10445 1,515 101.1 677.5 156.0 780.7 136.8 390.0 178.0
6928 1,015 101.1 822.9 145.3 706.5 125.8 872.4 165.1
3661 515 101.1 848.8 115,3 576.0 102.4 872.4 119.7
13893 2,016 121.1 672.2 119.5 6S0.2 122.7 830.8 147.7
8722 1,265 121.1 711.0 126,4 633.9 112.7 755.4 134.3
Oew-PointTemperature Measured(kPa) This Study (kPa) Starling(kPa)
101,1’C (214”F) 26156 (3,795 psla) 26641 24 235to25614
121.l°C (250”F) 24235 (3,515 P$ia) 25788 23 548to24235
“Lk@dKIkmraal rermrtedmeawre andterrrpwature,and gas srandardcmritbmsfw metricunts are 15°C ard 101.326 kPa. Avers@ absolutedetia!bn kmthh studyla9.4”/.
wit 12.1”/0forStarting.

weight of the C7+residue, and the generalized properties
in Table 1, an extended analysis up to the ~u+ group was
conducted for the crude oil of constant composite com-
position of Roland.m
The interaction coefficient for methane through C=+
was computed by adjusting methane K values for the
24587-kPa (3,566 psia) and 38480-kPa (5,581 psia)
runs at 1200F.Tne equilibrium ratios of all other runs of
constant composition then were computed. FYedicted
equilibrium ratios at 93.3°C (2W°F) are compared with
experimentaldata in Flg. 5. The average absolute devia-
tion of 14runs at 93.3°C (200”F)for methane K values is
2.30%. However, if the K value of the runat54917 kPa
PRESSURE, psio
10.0
200
i 111111 t 1I1
500 1000
F c1
(7,965 psia), which seems to be in some e~or~ is ex-
cluded, the absolute deviation will improve to 1.68%.
Furthermore, for 13 runs of 48.9°C (120”F)and 93.3°C
(2W”F) and below 46471 kPa (6,740 psia). absolute
deviation for methane equilibrium ratios is only 0.83%.
MethaneK values and componentsthrough Cc+(Table7)
indicate excellent agreement between predicted and
measured values.
Stsnding and Katz24Natural-Gas/Crude-Oil
System
Six runs were selected fmm Standing and Katz data.
These runs belong to 49,9”API crude oil with a GOR of
650 mVm3 (3,660 scf/bbl) at 48 .9°C ( 120°F) and
121.1°C(250”F). Standing28gives extended analysis for
crude oil with cut intervals of 37.8°C (100°F), and also
data for molecular weight and density of high-boiling
3000 10,000
constituents vs boiling point.
Ii
The interaction coefficient between methane and the
last group, with boiling points starting at 371. l°C
(7000F),was obtained by using the methane K values for

b‘/
.D Experimen?ol two runs at 121.1°C (250°F) w~thpressures of 21960
- Colculoted
kPa (3,185 psia) and 29715 kPa (4,310 psia). Fig. 6
compares predicted with experimental K values for three
______.;; -7 -,~.
1 1.
I .0 runs at 48.9’C (120”F).The proposed pweedure is capa-
o “J”” ble of predicting downward curvature of ethane through
heptane plus K values at high pressures, Deviation of the
C4
K values is given in Table 7.
x I ‘ ~“:
g C5 Katz and Hachmuth25
,1:0 f
a
-i 1,” .7, Crude-Oil/Natural-Gas System
~ 0.1 ~ -C61<7 ”-!”! .:
Although the composite composition is not provided for

-.”)”-
E ~’. .
m :0 this set of early data on the equilitilum ratios of the
~ ,, ,,4
2w
1“
TABLES-COMPARISON OF PREDICTED WITH MEASURED
\jl/ GAS-CAP PHASE COMPOSlllON WITH HOFFMANot s/.-

.—--l Measured
0.01 .+ .;-;.? Composition Bubble Point
c;
. of Gas-Cap Calculatbn on
Well Effiuent Crude Oil
Component (moi%) (MO!%)
c, 91.35 92.12
0s 4.03 3,504
G 1.5s 1.52
I I I nC& 0.19 0.16
0.001.
moo 10,000 !00,000 Go 0.156 0.116
FIWSSLfRE . kPo C15 0.060 0.046
0.0036
Fig. 5—Comparbon of prediotedwith ex rimentaiK vaiuesfor
Rolandmcrde oil at 93.9 (?k+’:~:
(20tTF). 00019

NOVEMBER, 1978 1653

 ,

TABLE 7—AVERAGE ASSOLUTE PERCENTAGE DEVIATtON FOR METHANE TNROUGH

C,+ K VALUES FOR C13UDE-OILSYSTEMS
Component Roland= Standingand Katz’” Katz and HachmuthZO Evansand Harrk$
c, 2.4* 2.2 2.3 28
c, 3.0 4.8 2.3 9.6
G 3.4 8.1 3.6 6.8
c, &o 10,3
c, 4.3 1:: F3 13.1
cc 8.7 13.6 10.1 13.9
c,+ 1Q.8 18.9 33.5, 37.2
Equilibria
compared 20 8 7 10
●
Average abaolutadetiatbns aa pefoemtofexpadnmntalva!uva

crude-oil/natural-gas system, the smoothness of the Evans and Harrisg

measuredK values indicates that the compositecomposi-
tion change is negligible. Based on this assumption, one
can compute the composite composition in the cell.
Vapor- and liquid-phase compositions of the run at
12024 kPa (1,744 psia) and 93.3°C (20(YF)were se-
lectedto compute the composite composition. Liquid and
vapor phasesof this run were combined as 2 mol gas and
1mol liquid, Extended analysis was conducted the same
way as for Roland crude oil. The interaction coefficient
for methaneand the last fxaction(i.e., ~s+) wasobtained
by matching predicted vaporizatitxr to equal 66,67%,
With this value of interaction coefficient;,K values were
predicted for other rur at 93.3°C (200”F).Table’7indi-
cates that predicted values agree well with experimental
measurements.
Crude-Oil/Natural-Gas System
Extended analysis for the crude oil was conducted for up
to CM+;the intemction coefficient between this last fmc-
tion and methane was obtained by adjusting methane K
values for runs of Mixture B. Fig. 7 compares predicted
with experimental K values for constituents of Mixture
A, and Table 7 shows percentagedeviations,
General Comparison
Table 8 assembles the interaction coefficient between
methane and the last group for crude oils, accompanied
by properties of the last fraction. All extended analysis,
except for Hoffman et af, crude oil, did not have true
boiling-point distillaticm analyses. Extended analyses
were improvised using judgment and generalized ex-

PRESSURE,
psio
PRESSURE,
psia
1,000 2,000 10,000
1,000 KJo 10.0
. 1
10.0
t t II”
Experimentoi
o 0
c, — Predi \d
c1 —
—
\ — —
c, -b .p
Lo
1’,,
x c30 ,.0 c%di —
g“ ‘1
5 :7 —
a C4
~ 1
~ 01
m CCJ — t - I
~
3 i’: -—-
g y i
ce
0.1

..._ I—
—
~6/
— 1

~y-”-
0.01
- --—.
H- 0
c~

1
o.cq,&_wJ—L—
I
o u Experiment!
— Predicted

J
1

—.—___+
I
T Cy ~
1

I Io.000
PRESSURE,kf%
[00.000 o.(),~
100,000
Fig. 6—CamparLsonof redictedwith exper’mentelK valuesfor ‘ PRESSURE, kPo
650-ma/m’(3,680scf/b E1)gaa-to~il ratioof Standingand Katzz” R . 7—Ccmparlson of radictedwith experimentalK vaiueafor
crude oil at48,9W(120”F). $lixtureAcrudeoilo~EvansandHarrisO at87.6°C(1900F).
1654 JOURNALOF PETROLEUMTECHNOLOGY
.
TABLE O-INTERACTION COEFFtOtENTSBETWEENMETHANEAND MST
FRACTIONOPCRUDE=OILSYSI’EM8
Interactbn
Crude Oil Fr~@&r Coefficient
Hoflmanetal.s G+ 0.17
Rolan&’ Go+ 0.17
standngandKatz*’ Css+ 0.25
KatzandHaohmutffs ox!+ 0.20
EvansandHarrbs %8+ 0.25
tendedhexane plus its propetiies. Therefore, any correla-
tion of methane with the last group’s interaction coeffi-
cient should wait for more data with systems, including
true boiling-point analyses.
Recommendation
When obtaining composition data for crude-oil reser-
voirs, bubble-point presswe customarily is obtained at
the reservoir temperature on a bottom-hole or recom-
bined sample. The composition with extended analyses
to GO+ or more, using a tme boiiing distillation along
with bubble point, Peng-Robinson-AGAprocedure, and
our proposed technique (including properties of the
groups, if necessary)can be used to assess the interaction
coefficientfor methane and the last fi’action.The interac-
tion coefficient then will give the information required
for predicting phase behavior at other conditions.
Conclusions
Proper estimation of methane K values in both crude-oil
and condensate systems is essenthd for an accurate esti-
mate of bubble point, dew point, and flashhtg of these
systems. UsirtSour proposedprocedure, predicted meth-
ane K values agree well with measured Vah-es.
Forgas-condensate systems, the Peng-R.,. ” i m-AGA
procedure with extended an~ysis and interact!..2 coeffi-
cients for methane and C6+constituents correlated with
density seems to give reliable results. For crudeoil/
natural-gas systems, the interaction coefficient for me-
thane and the last fraction shottld be determined with
a bubble @rtt, or selected from Table 8. Gathering
data with true boiling-point analyses of crude oils should
help correlate the interaction coefficients for the last
fraction containing the high boiling-point material and
mphalt.
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Last Fraotlon
Density,at 15J5°C Molsoular
(g/ml) m
0.202 361
0.028 , 492
1.008
0.930 %
0.914 342
.
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—--.--–-
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WIluma.
165S