WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Govindu et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

SJIF Impact Factor 2.786

Volume 4, Issue 03, 925-940. Research Article ISSN 2278 – 4357

ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION ON IRON (III) IN PRESENCE OF

SURFACE SOILS, BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES, FOOD MATERIALS AND
PHARMACEUITICAL SAMPLES USING 2-HYDROXY-3-METHOXY
BENZALDEHYDE-p- HYDROXY BENZOIC HYDRAZONE
(HMBAHBH)

G. Govindu1*, V. Krishna Reddy1 and P. Raveendra Reddy1

1
Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, A.P, India.

Article Received on ABSTRACT

22 Dec 2014, A new novel chromogenic reagent 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy
Revised on 17 Jan 2015, benzaldehyde-p-hydroxy benzoic hydrazone (HMBAHBH) has been
Accepted on 10 Feb 2015
used for the direct spectrophotometric determination of Iron (III) in
acidic surfactant of Triton X-100. HMBAHBH react with Fe(III) to
*Correspondence for
form brown coloured [Fe(III)-HMBAHBH] water soluble complex.
Author
G. Govindu
The maximum absorbance was observed at 390 nm at pH 3.0. Beer’s
Department of Chemistry, law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0.14 – 4.19 µg mL-1. The
Sri Krishnadevaraya molar sensitivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of the coloured complex was
University, found to be 1.87 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1 and 2.9x10-3 µg cm-2. The
Anantapuramu, A.P,
stoichiometric studies of the Fe (III) complex is determined as 1:2 with
India.
formation of stability constant 1.02x1011. The analytical results of the
complex is subjected for treatment by statistical methods and statistical data is obtained as
0.3580 (slope), -0.0091(Y-intercept), 0.012(relative standard deviation) and 0.9997
correlation coefficient. The interference effect of various diverse ions has been studied. All
the proposed methods are successively employed in the analysis of various surface soil
samples, biological, food materials and pharmaceutical samples for the determination of Iron
(III) content.

KEYWORDS: Iron (III), HMBAHBH, Triton X-100, surface soils, biological, food
materials and pharmaceutical samples, UV-Visible spectrophotometer.

www.wjpps.com Vol 4, Issue 03, 2015. 925

Govindu et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

INTRODUCTION
Iron is one of the most important and essential elements for living beings. It is abundantly
used both in industry and as a biological constituent. We can’t imagine advancement of
human civilization without the use of iron. From primitive man to the present civilized
human being iron has been employed as important component of tools, weapons, industrial
reactors, space crafts and as a main constituent of oxygen transporter in human beings.

Iron exists in many of its natural constituents as Fe (II) or Fe (III). Among these two
oxidation states Fe (III) compounds are more stable due to their half field d-orbital
configuration in their valence shell. Iron is an important constituent of several plant enzymes
like peroxidise, catalyse and cytochrome oxidase. Its function in photosynthesis and in
fixation of nitrogen is well understood.

Traister and Schitt[1] have reviewed the spectrophotometric methods proposed for the
determination of iron employing a variety of organic reagents. Most of the
spectrophotometric methods proposed for the determination of iron are based on the
[2-
formation of intensely coloured complexes between the metal ion and the selected reagent
7]
. Black[8] has stated that numerous methods have been employed to assess the available
states of iron in soils. The analytical results evaluated in some of the recently proposed
spectrophotometric methods for iron are reviewed and shows in Table 1

A various spectrophotometric methods are available for the determination of iron, every
method has its own limitations either in its sensitivity or selectivity or stringent experimental
conditions. Hence there is a need to propose simple sensitive and selective methods for the
determination of iron in various complex materials.

We are now proposing simple selective and sensitive direct spectrophotometric method for
the determination of iron (III) using 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde-p-hydroxy
benzoichydrazone as an easily synthesizable, less carcinogenic and as a good analytical
chromogenic reagent for the determination of iron (III) in a variety of its complex materials.

EXPERIMENTAL
Apparatus
Model LI-120 Elico digital pH meter, manufactured by M/S Elico private limited,
Hyderabad, was used for measure the pH of different buffer solutions.

www.wjpps.com Vol 4, Issue 03, 2015. 926

Govindu et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Synthesis of reagent
HMBAHBH was prepared by mixing equal amounts of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde
and p-hydroxy benzoichydrazide in hot ethanol was refluxing on water bath for two hours[9].
On cooling, light yellow coloured product was crystallized. The solid was filtered, washed
and dried. It was recrystallized from aqueous ethanol using norit. The recrystallized product,
2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde-p-hydroxybenzoichydrazone (HMBAHBH), showed a
melting point 208-210oC which is different from that of the reactants. The melting point
obtained has coinsided with the reported value indicating the formation of the hydrazone
whose structure is shown in scheme I.

Scheme-1

www.wjpps.com Vol 4, Issue 03, 2015. 927

Govindu et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Table 1:Analytical characteristics of reported spectrophotometric methods for the determination of iron
pH/ Aqueous/ Beer’s law εx104
Reagent λmax Interference Ref
medium extraction μg ml-1 L mol-1cm-1
Di-2-pyridyl methanone-2-(5-nitro)- pyridyl
hydrazone 505 2-7.5 Extraction Up to 0.84 5.83 - 10

Ferron
465 - Extraction Up to 3.2 - - 11
3-hydroxy picolinic acid
400 5.5 Aqueous - 1.5 - 12
3-hydroxy-2-picolinamide
425 - Aqueous 0.2-0.5 2.24 - 13
2-hydroxy nicotinic acid
360 5.0 Aqueous - 4.88 - 14
Up to
5-methyl salicilaldehyde guanyl hydrazone 430 8.8 Aqueous 3.2 - 15
13ppm
Cyanese-301
613 - Extraction - 5.048 - 16
5-Chloro salicylic acid 510 - - 18.5-40.2 - - 17
Ti(I), Zn(II), Cr(III),
2-[2-(3,5-di bromo) pyridil azo]-5 dimethyl
615 2.0-7.0 Extraction 0-5.5 9.36 W(VI), Co(II), Cu(II), 18
amino benzoic acid
Ni(II) and Pb(II)
EDTA, CN-, Ni(II),
1,10 phenanthroline and picrate 510 2.0-9.0 Extraction 0.1-3.6 13 19
Cu(II) and Pb(II)
2,6 diacetyl pyridine Bis (benzoyl hydrazone) Ag(I), Bi(III),
and 2,6 Di acetyl pyridine bis(2-hydroxy W(IV),Co(II), Sn(II),
336 2.0-2.5 - - 2.77 20
benzoyl hydrazone) Ti(IV), Zr(IV), Fe(III)
and EDTA
4-(2-pyridyl azo) resorsinol
505 6.0-7.5 Extraction 0-2.0 6 EDTA 21
Contd…

www.wjpps.com Vol 4, Issue 03, 2015. 928

Govindu et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

pH/ Aqueous/ Beer’s law εx104

Reagent λmax Interference Ref
medium extraction μg ml-1 L mol-1cm-1
1,10 phenanthroline tetra phenyl borate
515 4.25 Aqueous 2.24-37.29 1.2 - 22
1,3 diphenyl- 4- carboethoxy pyrazole -5- Cu(II), Co(II), Zn(II),
525 3.5-4.0 Aqueous 0.5-10 1.156 23
one Mo(VI) and EDTA
Di formyl hydrazide
470 7.3-9.3 Aqueous 0.25-13 0.334 - 24
4,7-di phenyl 1,10 phenanthrolene and
534 - Extraction 0-20.0 2 - 25
tetraphnyl borate
Thio cynate phenanthroline 520 - Aqueous 0-24 1.87 - 26
-
NO2 , S2O32-H2PO42- and
Thiocyanate acetone 480 HClO4 Aqueous - 2.1 27
C2O42-
Salicylaldehyde acetic acid hydrazone
395 3.0 - 0.027-0.27 6.1 - 28
2,4 di hydoxy benzaldehyde Isonicotinyl
Co(II),V(V), Al(III) and
{(E)-N1-(2,4 di hydroxy benzeledine) 395 7.0 - 0.1-1.5 3.5 29
Pb(II)
hydrazone
4-hydoxy 3,5-di methoxy benzaldehyde Cu(II) and masked with
380 1.0-6.0 Aqueous 0.279-2.79 1.71 30
4hydroxy benzoyl hydrazone thiourea
2 hydroxy-1 napthaldehyde-p-hydroxy Sn(II), CO(II), Ni(II),
405 5.0 Aqueous 0.05-1.37 5.6 31
benzoic hydrazone zn(II), Al(III) and Cu(II)
Diacetyl monoxime Isonicotinyl Cu(II), Cr(IV), Ni(II),
355 9.0 - 0.54-5.4 3.83 32
hydrazone Zr(IV)and Pd(II)

www.wjpps.com Vol 4, Issue 03, 2015. 929

Govindu et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

PREPARATION OF EXPERIMENTAL SOLUTIONS

2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde-p-hydroxybenzoichydrazone
(HMBAHBH) stock solution
0.01M (1x10-2M) solution of the reagent were prepared by dissolving 0.2860gm of
HMBAHBH in 100ml of dimethyl formamide (DMF). Lower concentrations were prepared
freshly by diluting the stock solution with DMF to carry out the analysis.

Preparation of Fe (III) solution

0.01M (1x10-2 M) solution of Fe(III) solution ware prepared by dissolving 0.4828gm
of ferric ammonium sulphate (MERK) in distilled water containing few drops of concentrated
sulphuric acid and made up to the mark 100ml volumetric flask with distilled water. The
stock solution was standardized[33] and diluted suitably with distilled water to get the working
solutions.

Preparation of Triton-X-100 solution

Triton-X-100 (1%) solution were prepared by mixing 1mL of concentrated compound
(Sigma-Aldrich) with boiled distilled water and diluting to 100ml with distilled water after
cooling.

Preparation of various diverse ions solutions

Different inorganic salt (diverse ions) solutions used in interference studies, were prepared by
dissolving various amounts of the corresponding inorganic salts in distilled water. To prevent
hydrolysis, few drops of suitable acids were added before dilution wherever necessary.

Preparation of buffer solutions

Buffer solutions of different pH values (pH-1-10) were prepared by using appropriate
mixtures of 1M Hydrochloric acid + 1M Sodium acetate for pH 1.0 – 3.0, 0.2M Sodium
acetate + 0.2M Acetic acid for pH 3.2 - 6.0, 1M Sodium acetate + 0.2M Acetic acid for pH
7.0 and 2M Ammonium hydroxide + 2MAmmonium Chloride for pH 7.5 – 10.0.

PREPARATION OF APPLICATION SAMPLE SOLUTIONS

Preparation of surface soil sample solution[34]
The soil sample (5.0g) was weighed into a 250ml Teflon high pressure microwave acid
digestion bomb and 50ml of aquaregia were added. The bomb was sealed tightly and then
positioned in the carousel of a microwave oven. The system was operated at full power for

www.wjpps.com Vol 4, Issue 03, 2015. 930

Govindu et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

30 minutes. The digested material was evaporated to incipient dryness. Then, 50ml of 5%
hydrochloric acid were added and heated close to boiling to leach the residue. After cooling,
the solution was filtered and the residue was washed two times with small volumes of 5%
hydrochloric acid. The filtrate was quantitatively collected in 250ml volumetric flask and
diluted to the mark with distilled water.

Preparation of Biological and food sample solution[35-38]

A wet ash method was employed in the preparation of the sample solutions. 0.5g of the
sample was dissolved in a 1:1 mixture of nitric acid and perchloric acid. The solution was
evaporated to dryness, and the residue was ashed at 300˚ C. The ash was dissolved in 2mL of
1M sulphuric acid and made up to the volume in a 25mL standard flask with distilled water.

Preparation of Pharmaceutical sample solutions[39]

Finely ground iron tablets of known weight were treated with 5ml of concentrated nitric acid
and the resulting mixture were evaporated to dryness. The residue was leached with 5ml of
0.5 M sulphuric acid. The solution was boiled with dilute H2O2 for 10minutes.The heating
was continued for further 5minutes to boil off any excess H2O2. The solution was cooled,
neutralized with dilute ammonia and diluted to known volume with distilled water

RESULTS AND DISSCUSSION

Direct determination of Iron (III)
2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde-p-hydroxy benzoic hydrazone (HMBAHBH) was easily
synthesised simple sensitive chromogenic analytical reagent for the determination metal
complexes. HMBAHBH reacts with iron (III) ion forming a brown coloured [Fe-
HMBAHBH] soluble complex. The colour formation with maximum intensity can be
achieved within 2 minutes in the presence of 0.5% CPC. The colour of the complex was
stable for more than 24 hours. The absorption spectrum of complex [Fe-HMBAHBH] shows
maximum absorbance at 390 nm. The preliminary investigation indicates that the absorbance
of the complex is maximum and stable in pH range 2.5-3.5. Hence pH 3.0 was chosen for
further studies (Figure 1&2). Studies on reagent (HMBAHBH) concentration effect revealed
that a minimum of 10 fold excess reagent is required to get maximum and stable absorbance
for the complex.From the absorption spectra of [Fe-HMBAHBH] the molar absorptivity
1.87 x 104L mol-1 cm-1. Variable amounts of Fe (III) were treated with suitable amounts of
reagent, surfactant and buffer and the validity of Beer’s law was tested by plotting the
measured absorbance values of the prepared solutions against concentration of Fe(III). The

www.wjpps.com Vol 4, Issue 03, 2015. 931

Govindu et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.14 – 4.19 µg mL-1(Figure 3). The
composition of the complex [Fe-HMBAHBH] was determined 1:2 by Job’s continuous
variation method and the stability constant of the complex was calculated as 1.02x1011
(Figure 4). Other analytical results are presented in Table 2.

Table 2: Total analytical characteristics of [Fe (III) – HMBAHBH]

Parameters
λmax (nm) 390
pH 3.0
Beer’s law ( µg mL-1 ) 0.14 – 4.19
Molar absorptivity (L mol-1 cm-1) 1.87 x 104
Sandell’s Sensitivity (µg cm-2) 2.9x10-3
Regression equation
Angular coefficient (m) 0.3580
Y – intercept (b) -0.0091
Correlation Coefficient (r) 0.9997
RSD (%) 0.012
LOD ( µg mL-1 ) 0.028
LOQ ( µg mL-1 ) 0.084
Composition 1:2
Stability constant 1.02x1011
1.2

1.0
b

0.8
Absorbance

0.6

0.4

0.2
a
0.0
360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500

Wavelength(nm)

Figure 1 Absorption spectra of (a) HMBAHBH Vs Buffer blank(b) [Fe (III) –

HMBAHBH] Vs reagent blank, Fe(III)] = 5x10-5 M, [HMBAHBH] =5x10-4 M, λmax =
390nm, [CPC] = 0.05%.
1.0

0.8

0.6
Absorbance

0.4

0.2

0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

pH

Figure 2: Effect of pH on the absorption of [Fe (III) – HMBAHBH] system [Fe(III)] =

5x105 M, [HMBAHBH] = 5x10-4 M, λmax = 390nm, [CPC] = 0.05%

www.wjpps.com Vol 4, Issue 03, 2015. 932

Govindu et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

1.6
A390= 0.3580C -0.0091
1.4

1.2

Absorbance
1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5
-1
Amount of Fe(III) (µg mL )

Figure 3 Calibration plot [HMBAHBH] = 7.5 x 10-4 M, [CPC] = 0.05%, pH = 3.0, λmax
= 390 nm

0.55

0.50

0.45

0.40

0.35
Absorbance

0.30

0.25

0.20

0.15

0.10

0.05

0.00
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Volume of Fe(III) (ml)

Figure 4 Jobs curve [Fe(III)]=[HMBAHBH] = 1x10-3 M,[CPC] = 0.05%, pH = 3.0,

λmax = 390 nm

Effect of diverse ions in the determination of Iron by direct method (III)

Various cations and anions were added individually to the experimental solution containing
1.167 µg mL-1 of iron and the influence was examined in Table 3. Among the anions, except
EDTA and oxalate, all the anions are tolerable in more than fifty fold excess.

APPLICATIONS
The present method was employed for the determination of the amount of iron present in
some surface soil, biological, food and pharmaceutical samples. Sample solutions were
prepared by adopting the given erlier procedure. Different aliquots of sample solutions were
treated with known and required volume of HMBAHBH, surfactant and DMF at pH 3.0 with
distilled water. The absorbance of the resultant solutions was measured at 390nm and the
amount of iron present was computed from the predetermined calibration plot. The surface

www.wjpps.com Vol 4, Issue 03, 2015. 933

Govindu et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

soil samples, biological samples and food samples were further analyzed by atomic
absorption spectrophotometric method. The results of the proposed method were compared
with those obtained by AAS method and are represented in Table 4&5. The results relating to
the analysis of pharmaceutical samples were compared with the certified values and
presented in Table 6.

Table 3 Tolerance limits of foreign ions

Amount of Fe(III) taken = 1.167 µg mL-1 ; pH : 3.0, CPC : 0.05%, λmax :390nm
Tolerance
Tolerancelimit Foreign
Foreign ion limit
(µg mL-1) ion
(µg mL-1)
Iodide 520 Hg(II) 208
Phosphate 470 Ti(IV) 102
Tartrate 295 Y(III) 100
Thiocyanate 286 Ru(III) 71
Sulphate 279 Pb(II) 62
Citrate 225 Co(II) 48
Thiourea 210 La(III) 25
Nitrate 180 Se(IV) 22
Acetate 154 Li(I) 22
Bromide 136 Ag(I) 19
Carbonate 118 Ni(II) 15
Fluoride 104 Cu(II) 14
Chloride 76 Pd(II) 11
Thiosulphate 48 Ga(III) 12
EDTA 10 Zn(II) 11
Oxalate <1 U(VI) 9
Ca(II) 9
Bi(III) 8
Cr(VI) 7
Ce(IV) 7
Mn(II) 6
V(V) 5
In(III) 5
W(VI) 4
Mo(VI) 4
Al(III) 3
Th(IV) 3
Zr(IV) 1
Cd(II) 1
Ba(II) <1

www.wjpps.com Vol 4, Issue 03, 2015. 934

 Govindu et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Table 4: Determination of iron in surface soils

Iron found (mg Kg -1)
Sample Source of the Sample
Present method AAS method
± S.D (n=5) ± S.D (n=5)
Sweet lemon cultivation soil, Garladinne, Anantapuramu
S1 41.68 ± 1.12 42.24 ± 0.58
district
S2 Paddy cultivation soil Garladinne, Anantapuramu district 21.36 ± 0.94 20.89 ± 0.44
Groundnut cultivation soil Akuthotapalli, Anantapuramu
S3 40.88 ± 1.02 41.10 ± 0.34
district
Cotton cultivation soil Singanamala, Anantapuramu
S4 26.69 ± 0.79 26.28 ± 0.83
district

Table 5:Determination of iron in biological and food samples

Amount of iron found* (µg mL-1) ± S.D
Sample
Present method AAS method
Prostate gland 2.84 ± 0.34 2.52 ± 0.11
Enlarged prostate gland (Benign) 11.62 ± 1.12 12.04 ± 0.99
Banana 10.85 ± 1.18 11.44 ± 1.15
Tomato 12.46 ± 0.78 12.66 ± 0.36
Orange 19.06 ± 0.66 18.75 ± 0.89
Rice 15.74 ± 1.06 16.68 ± 1.14
Wheat 7.48 ± 0.75 7.36 ± 0.48
*Average of four determinations.

Table 6 :Analysis of pharmaceutical samples for iron content

Amount of iron (mg/tablet)
Sample Composition (w/tablet )
certified value found (n=4)
Dried ferrous sulphate IP 200mg
Iron and folic acid
(approximately equivalent to
tablets (Micro Labs 60.0 61.55 ± 0.16
ferrous iron 60mg) folic acid IP
Ltd., India)
0.5mg(0.35g)
ToFe, chewable Iron (III) hydroxide poly sucrose
iron tablet (Alkem complex equivalent to elemental
100.0 101.28 ± 0.95
Laboratories Ltd., iron 100mg, folic acid IP 1mg
India (0.350g)
Ferium, chewable Iron (III) hydroxide poly maltose
tablet (Emcure complex equivalent to elemental
100.0 99.44 ± 0.65
Pharmaceuticals iron 100mg, folic acid IP 350µg
Ltd., India) (0.400g)
Ferrous flumarate IP 350mg
Irex-12 (Micro equivalent element iron 115mg,
Labs Ltd., India ) folic acid 1.5mg, cyanocobalamin 115.0 115.34 ± 0.49
15µg (as cyanocobalamin 0.1% in
gelatine (0.450g )

www.wjpps.com Vol 4, Issue 03, 2015. 935

Govindu et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

CONCLISIONS
The present direct spectrophotometric method is simple, fast, and sensitive for the
determination of Fe(III). The metal ion reacts with 2-hydrox-3-methoxy benzaldehyde-p-
hydroxy benzoichydrazone (HMBAHBH) forming brown coloured water soluble complex
[Fe(III)- HMBAHBH] in acidic pH condition. The brown colour was stable for more than 24
hours. However in the presence of cetyl perydinium chloride (CPC), a cationic surfactant, the
intensity of brown colour was increased and the colour was stable for more than 48 hours.
The absorption spectrum of [Fe(III)- HMBAHBH] complex showed maximum absorbance at
390nm. The reagent absorbance was negligible at this wavelength.
The complex system was found to obey Beer’s law in the range 0.14- 4.19 µg mL-1 with molar
absorptivity 1.87×104 Lmol-1cm-1, Sandell’s Sensitivity 2.9x10-3 µg cm-2. The analytical
parameters of the present method are: angular coefficient (m)=0.3580, Y-intercept (b)=
-0.0091 and correlation coefficient (r) 0.9997.

The stoichiometric studies on the brown coloured water soluble complex showed a 1:2
composition between the metal and the ligand. The formation constant of the complex was
calculated as 1.02x1011.

The results of the present method were compared with those of some of the reported
spectrophotometric methods and presented in Table 7. Analytical reagent 2-hydroxy-3-
methoxy benzaldehyde-p-hydroxy benzoichydrazone40 as a reagent is also used for the
spectrophotometric determination of Al(III), Ga(III), In(III),V(V), La(III) and Ya(III) were
summarized in Table 8.

www.wjpps.com Vol 4, Issue 03, 2015. 936

Govindu et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Table 7:Comparison of the analytical results of the proposed method with already reported methods for iron
pH/ Aqueous/ Beer’s law εx104
Reagent λmax Interference Ref
medium extraction μg ml-1 L mol-1cm-1
3-hydroxy picolinic acid
400 5.5 Aqueous - 1.5 - 12
3-hydroxy-2-picolinamide
425 - Aqueous 0.2-0.5 0.224 - 13
EDTA, CN-, Ni(II),
1,10 phenanthroline and picrate 510 2.0-9.0 Extraction 0.1-3.6 13 19
Cu(II) and Pb(II)
1,10 phenanthroline tetra phenyl borate
515 4.25 Aqueous 2.24-37.29 1.2 - 22
Cu(II), Co(II), Zn(II),
1,3 diphenyl- 4- carboethoxy pyrazole -5- one 525 3.5-4.0 Aqueous 0.5-10 1.16 23
Mo(VI) and EDTA
Di formyl hydrazide
470 7.3-9.3 Aqueous 0.25-13 0.3258 - 24
Thio cynate phenanthroline
520 - Aqueous 0-24 1.87 - 26
NO2-, S2O32-H2PO42-
Thiocyanate acetone 480 HClO4 Aqueous - 2.1 27
and C2O42-
2,4 di hydoxy benzaldehyde Isonicotinyl {(E)-N1-
Co(II),V(V), Al(II)
(2,4 di hydroxy benzeledine) hydrazone 395 7.0 - 0.1-1.5 3.5 29
and Pb(II)
4-hydoxy 3,5-di methoxy benzaldehyde 4hydroxy
benzoyl hydrazone 380 1.0-6.0 Aqueous 0.279-2.79 1.71 - 30

Sn(II), Co(II), Ni(II),

2 hydroxy-1 napthaldehyde-p-hydroxy benzoic
405 5.0 Aqueous 0.05-1.37 5.6 Zn(II), Al(III) and 31
hydrazone
Cu(II)
2 hydroxy 3 methoxy benzoyl hydrazone-P- Zr(IV), Cd(II) and Present
390 3.0 Aqueos 0.14 – 4.19 1.87
hydroxy benzoic hydrazone Ba(III) method

www.wjpps.com Vol 4, Issue 03, 2015. 937

 Govindu et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Table 8:Analytical characteristics of HMBAHBH

metal ions
parameters
Al(III) Ga(III) In(III) V(V) La(III) Y(III)
λmax (nm) 410 410 395 400 390 390
pH 5.0 6.0 6.5 6.0 8.0 8.0
Beer’s law 0.027- 0.140- 0.115-
0.102-4.094 0.1389-9.723 0.088-7.122
(µg mL-1 ) 1.079 1.0790 1.7220
Molar
absorptivity 41900 23000 44900 16750 19250 22700
(L mol-1 cm-1)
Sandell’s
Sensitivity 0.0064 0.0030 0.0026 0.0030 0.0072 0.0039
(µg cm-2)
Stability
4.433x1019 6.1809x1017 6.092x1010 2.66x1011 3.39x1018 2.22x1016
constant

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author (G.GOVINDU) thanks to Department of Chemistry S.K. University for providing
facilities to my research work. I express my sincere thanks to my Research Supervisor Prof.
V. Krishna Reddy for his valuable guidance. I express my sincere thanks to
Prof. P. Raveendra Reddy, who is giving valuable suggestions during my research.

DISCLOSURE OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest concerning this article.

REFERENCES
1. G.L. Traister and A.A. Schitt, Anal. Chem, 48, 216, 1976.
2. T. Korenaga, S. Motomizu and K. Toei., Anal. Chem, 65, 3351973.
3. K. Toei, T. Korenaga, and S. Motomizu., Analyst 101, 974, 1976.
4. Y. Nakamura, H. Nagai, D. Kubota and S. Himena, Benseki Pagaku, 22, 1156, 1973.
5. Y. Shigo, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 48, 2793,1975.
6. S.O. Kobayakova, V.M. Savostina and V.M. Peshkova, Zn. Analik. Khem., 29, 1971.
7. S.O. Kobayakova, V.M. Savostina, S.A Lomonosar and M.V. Lomonosar.,
Zn.AnalikKhem., 26, 1277,1971.
8. C.A. Black, Methods of analysis, Part-2, Inc Pub. USA 1965, p. 960.
9. Ph.D. Thesis, S. Satyasree, Dept. of Chemistry, S.K. University, Anantapuram, 2008.
10. T. Takoka, T. Taya and Otama, Talanta, 39(1), 77,1992.
11. Sathya Prakash, Mahajan and Meenakshi, Anal. Chem. (Rome), 87, 529, 1997.
12. M.S. Abubukr, Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology, 58(3), 231,1993.

www.wjpps.com Vol 4, Issue 03, 2015. 938

Govindu et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

13. Gaur, B. Singh, R.L. Sharma, V.K. Singh, Asian journal of chemistry, 5(2), 452,1993.
14. S. Saleh Magada, A. Idriss Kamal, H.A. Azab and Y. Hasham Ethlam, Bull. Fac. Sci.
Asiat.Univ. B, 24(1), 31, 1995.
15. S.G Kawatkar and R.V. Nimbhakar, Acta Cienc. Indica Chem. 20(1), 27, 1994.
16. P. Argekar, Anant and K. Shetty Ashok, Indian. J. Chem. Sec. A, 35(A), 806,1996.
17. Sedaiva Hassan, A.Adrisss, Kamal, Abddual Aziz and mohammad shaif, Analyst, 128(8),
1079,1996.
18. T. Katami, T. Haykwa, M. Ferukawava, and Shibota.S., The analyst, 109(2), 159-
162,1984.
19. A. Morales and M. Itoral, The Analyst, 110(12), 1445-1449, 1985.
20. Yoshiro Sasaki, Bull.Inst. Chem.Res., Kyoto Univ., 64(4), 1986.
21. M.R.P. Reddy, P.V.S. Kumar, J.P. Shamsundar, and J.S. Anjaneyulu, J. IndianChemical.
Society, 66, 437-439, 1989.
22. A.K. Malik and A.L.J. RAo, Talanta, 44(2), 177-183, 1997.
23. R.K. Patil and D.G. Dhuley, Indian .J. chemistry, 39(10), 1105-1106, 2000.
24. B.M. Nagabhusana, G.T.Chandrappa, B.Nagappa, Anal. Bio analytical chem., 373(4-5)
299-303, 2002.
25. L.M. Wang, C.Song, and J.Jin Fenxi shiyanshi analytical laboratory, 23(9), 48-50,2004.
26. Qi. Kai. Zhang, Ling, Zhokong., and Liwang, Fenxi shiyanshi analytical laboratory
24(1),77-79,2005.
27. F.G. Martins, J.F. Andrade, A.C. Piementa, L.M. Luerenko, electika Quimica 30(3),63-
71,2005.
28. V. Srilalitha, K. Raman Kumar, V.Seshagiri, L.K. Ravindranath, Avances en Quimica,
5(3), 153-159,2010.
29. Shobha Borhade, DerChemica Sinica, 2(4), 64-71,2011.
30. Gopalakrishna. D, Devanna. N, Chandrasekhar .K.B, International Journal of organicand
bioorganic chemistry, 1(1), 8-13, 2011.
31. V.S. Anasuya devi, V. Krishna Reddy, International. J. Analytical chemistry, Article No.
ID No.–981758, 2012.
32. P. Mallikarjuna, T. Mastanaiah, M. Raffiyuddin, G. Thippanna, V.Surya narayanaRao.,
World J. Pharmaceuitical research, 1(15), 1320-1329, 2012.
33. G.H. Jeffery, J. Bassett, J. Mendham and R.C Denney, “Vogel’s Text Book of
Quantitative Inorganic Analysis’ 5th Ed, Longman, London, p.326, 1996.

www.wjpps.com Vol 4, Issue 03, 2015. 939

Govindu et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

34. W. Yang, Q. Hu, Z. Huang, J. Yin, G. Xie., J. Chem. J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 71(7), 821,
2006.
35. M.M. Barling and C.V. Banks, Anal. Chem., 36, 2359, 1964.
36. J.F Goodwin and B. Murthy, Clin. Chem., 12, 583, 1966; Chem Abstr, 14, 3378, 1967.
37. V. Kauppinen, Suomen, Kem. B., 34, 27, Anal. Abstr. 1961.
38. G. Ceniotti and L. Spandiro Clin. Chem.Acta., 6, 233, 1961.
39. Sundaramurthi. N.M, Shinde VM, Analyst 116, 541-544, 1991.
40. Ph.D. Thesis, S. Satyasree, Dept. of Chemistry, S.K. University, Anantapuramu, 2008.

www.wjpps.com Vol 4, Issue 03, 2015. 940