Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
• Composition of Air
Gas Composition by volume
Nitrogen 79%
Oxygen 20%
Noble gases 1%
Carbon dioxide 0.03%
Water vapour Varies
• Fractional Distillation of Liquid Air
Nitrogen
(b.p. ‐196°С)
cooling and fractional
compression distillation Argon
Air Liquid Air
(b.p. ‐186°С)
Oxygen
(b.p. ‐183°С)
• Air Pollution
• Methods of Reducing Air Pollutants
Catalytic converters ‐ Converts air pollutants into less harmful gases
‐ Attached to motorcar exhausts
‐ Contains catalysts platinum and rhodium
‐ Redox reactions occur when the hot gases pass over the catalysts
‐ Has a honeycomb structure to increase surface area
2CO (g) + 2NO (g) → N2 (g) + 2CO2 (g)
carbon monoxide + nitrogen oxide → nitrogen + carbon dioxide
2C8H18 (g) + 25O2 (g) → 16CO2 (g) + 18H2O (g)
octane + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water vapour
Flue Gas ‐ Calcium carbonate is used to remove sulphur dioxide from flue gases (waste gases)
Desulphurisation
CaCO3 + SO2 → CaSO3 + CO2
An aqueous suspension of calcium carbonate reacts with sulphur dioxide to form
sold calcium sulphite.
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
CaO + SO2 → CaSO3
Calcium oxide from heated calcium carbonate also reacts with sulphur dioxide to
form calcium sulphite.
2CaSO3 + O2 → 2CaSO4
Calcium sulphite is further oxidized to calcium sulphate by atmospheric oxygen.
©LYM 2010
• Carbon Cycle
1) Respiration
C6H12O6 (aq) + 6O2 (g) → 6CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l)
All living things respire. During respiration, carbon and hydrogen compounds in food are converted into
carbon dioxide and water. Energy is released during respiration.
2) Combustion
CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2H2O (l)
Combustion is an oxidation process. Most fuels contain both carbon and hydrogen, and when they are burnt,
carbon dioxide and water are produced. Incomplete combustion happens when a limited supply of air is
used, producing carbon particles and carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas.
4CH4 (g) + 5O2 (g) → 2CO (g) + 8H2O (l) + 2C (s)
3) Photosynthesis
6CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l) → C6H12O6 (aq) + O2 (g)
During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen in the presence of
sunlight by the chlorophyll present in plants.
©LYM 2010